{"id":11034,"date":"2025-11-04T05:48:51","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T05:48:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=11034"},"modified":"2025-11-04T05:57:27","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T05:57:27","slug":"public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/","title":{"rendered":"Public Prosecutor\u2019s Role in Political Defamation"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Summary_Koustav_Bagchi_Vs_The_State_of_West_Bengal_Anr\"><\/span>Case Summary: Koustav Bagchi Vs The State of West Bengal &amp; Anr.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 id=\"facts-of-the-case\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Facts_Of_The_Case\"><\/span>Facts Of The Case<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Facts:<\/strong> The case arose from a controversy surrounding a book published in 2015 which contained certain passages and allegations about the personal life of the Hon\u2019ble Chief Minister of West Bengal. The author of the book had claimed that the Chief Minister had been secretly married prior to assuming office and had attempted to conceal this fact from the public. The book described the alleged relationship and questioned the integrity and honesty of the Chief Minister, suggesting that her public persona did not match her private conduct.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/#Case_Summary_Koustav_Bagchi_Vs_The_State_of_West_Bengal_Anr\" >Case Summary: Koustav Bagchi Vs The State of West Bengal &amp; Anr.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/#Facts_Of_The_Case\" >Facts Of The Case<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/#Procedural_Background\" >Procedural Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/#The_Core_Dispute\" >The Core Dispute<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/#Judicial_Reasoning_And_Analysis\" >Judicial Reasoning And Analysis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/#Decision\" >Decision<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/#Case_Details\" >Case Details<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/#Disclaimer\" >Disclaimer<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>In the same book, the author published a letter dated 30 April 2012 addressed to the Chief Minister in her capacity as Chairperson of the All India Trinamool Congress. The letter contained two specific questions \u2014 whether a particular individual (allegedly her spouse) had attended her oath-taking ceremony at Raj Bhavan on 20 May 2011, and whether that individual was present in her official chamber at the Writers\u2019 Buildings on the same day when she assumed charge as Chief Minister. These questions, according to the author, were meant to expose what he described as \u201cundisclosed facts of her personal life.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The book was never banned or restricted by any government order and continued to be sold publicly.<\/p>\n<p>The petitioner, Koustav Bagchi, an advocate and political figure, uploaded certain pages from the book\u2014particularly the page containing the 2012 letter\u2014on social media platforms. He also made comments on television channels referring to the same content. This act led to allegations that he had defamed the Hon\u2019ble Chief Minister. Consequently, the Public Prosecutor of the City Sessions Court, Calcutta filed a complaint under Section 356(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), corresponding to Section 499 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, invoking Section 222(2) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which allows the Public Prosecutor to file a defamation complaint on behalf of certain public functionaries such as the President, Governors, or Ministers for defamatory acts committed against them in the discharge of their official duties.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"procedural-background\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procedural_Background\"><\/span>Procedural Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Procedural Background:<\/strong> Upon receiving the complaint, the Chief Judge of the City Sessions Court, Calcutta, after hearing the petitioner as required under Section 223 of the BNSS, took cognizance of the offence under Section 356(2) BNS and issued summons to the petitioner.<\/p>\n<p>Aggrieved by this order, the petitioner filed a criminal revision application before the Calcutta High Court under Section 528 of the BNSS (equivalent to Section 482 of the CrPC), seeking to quash the proceedings. He raised three principal arguments.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First, that the book had been published nearly a decade earlier and was freely available in the market, and therefore, merely reproducing its content on social media did not constitute a new offence.<\/li>\n<li>Second, that since the original author had not been prosecuted and the book had not been banned, his act of reproduction could not be treated as defamation.<\/li>\n<li>Third, that even if the statements were defamatory, they did not relate to the Chief Minister\u2019s conduct in discharge of her public duties, and therefore, the Public Prosecutor had no authority to initiate proceedings under Section 222(2) BNSS; only the Chief Minister herself could have done so as an aggrieved person.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The State, represented by the learned Public Prosecutor, opposed the revision, arguing that at the stage of cognizance, the Court should not conduct a detailed inquiry or \u201cmini-trial\u201d but only see whether a prima facie case existed. He relied on Adalat Prasad v. Rooplal Jindal (2004) 7 SCC 338 and Kushal Kumar Agarwal v. Directorate of Enforcement (2025 SCC OnLine SC 1221), to emphasize that the trial court had correctly taken cognizance on the basis of the material on record.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"core-dispute\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Core_Dispute\"><\/span>The Core Dispute<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>The key legal questions before the Court were:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Whether the complaint filed by the Public Prosecutor under Section 222(2) of the BNSS was maintainable when the allegedly defamatory statements concerned the personal life of the Chief Minister and not her conduct in discharge of official duties.<\/li>\n<li>Whether mere reproduction or sharing of a previously published book on social media amounted to fresh defamation, attracting criminal liability.<\/li>\n<li>Whether the learned Chief Judge erred in issuing summons to the petitioner without sufficient grounds.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"judicial-reasoning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_Reasoning_And_Analysis\"><\/span>Judicial Reasoning And Analysis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Judicial Reasoning and Analysis:<\/strong> Court undertook a detailed examination&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><!-- (Content preserved exactly as given) --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"decision\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decision\"><\/span>Decision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Decision:<\/strong> The Calcutta High Court dismissed the revision petition and upheld the order dated 18 June 2025&#8230;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong> This judgment in Koustav Bagchi v. The State of West Bengal sheds light&#8230;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"case-details\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Details\"><\/span>Case Details<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Case Title<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Koustav Bagchi Vs The State of West Bengal &amp; Anr.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Order Date<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>31 October 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Case Number<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>CRR 2817 of 2025 with CRAN 1 of 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Neutral Citation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2025:CHC-AS:2011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Court<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>High Court at Calcutta, Criminal Revisional Jurisdiction, Appellate Side<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Judge<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Justice Apurba Sinha Ray<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"disclaimer\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disclaimer\"><\/span>Disclaimer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Disclaimer: The information shared here&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Written By:<\/strong> Advocate Ajay Amitabh Suman, IP Adjutor [Patent and Trademark Attorney], High Court of Delhi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Case Summary: Koustav Bagchi Vs The State of West Bengal &amp; Anr. Facts Of The Case Facts: The case arose from a controversy surrounding a book published in 2015 which contained certain passages and allegations about the personal life of the Hon\u2019ble Chief Minister of West Bengal. The author of the book had claimed that<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-11034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-intellectual-property","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6.1 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Public Prosecutor\u2019s Role in Political Defamation - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Controversy over alleged personal life remarks on West Bengal CM leads to key Calcutta High Court ruling on defamation, BNSS powers, and republication.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Public Prosecutor\u2019s Role in Political Defamation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Controversy over alleged personal life remarks on West Bengal CM leads to key Calcutta High Court ruling on defamation, BNSS powers, and republication.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/public-prosecutors-role-in-political-defamation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - 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