{"id":11456,"date":"2025-11-11T11:02:37","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T11:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=11456"},"modified":"2025-11-11T11:08:39","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T11:08:39","slug":"passing-off-infringement-and-concealment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/","title":{"rendered":"Passing Off, Infringement, and Concealment"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"case-summary\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quantum_Hi-Tech_Merchandising_Pvt_Ltd_Vs_LG_Electronics_India_Pvt_Ltd_Ors_%E2%80%93_Trademark_Dispute_Analysis\"><\/span>Quantum Hi-Tech Merchandising Pvt. Ltd. Vs LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. &amp; Ors. \u2013 Trademark Dispute Analysis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"facts\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Facts\"><\/span>Facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Quantum Hi-Tech Merchandising Pvt. Ltd., the appellant, instituted a suit before the District Judge Commercial Court-II, Shahdara, alleging that LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd., LG Korea, and their Brand Store in Delhi infringed its registered trademarks and attempted to pass off their products as those of the appellant. The appellant sought a permanent injunction to restrain the respondents from using the marks <strong>QUANTUM, QUANTUM PLUS, QUANTUM DISPLAY, IPS QUANTUM, RGB QUANTUM, SMART QUANTUM,<\/strong> and <strong>G QUANTUM<\/strong> for their goods, arguing that these marks were deceptively similar to the appellant\u2019s registered trademarks <strong>QUANTUM<\/strong> and related device marks.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/#Quantum_Hi-Tech_Merchandising_Pvt_Ltd_Vs_LG_Electronics_India_Pvt_Ltd_Ors_%E2%80%93_Trademark_Dispute_Analysis\" >Quantum Hi-Tech Merchandising Pvt. Ltd. Vs LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. &amp; Ors. \u2013 Trademark Dispute Analysis<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/#Facts\" >Facts<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/#Procedural_Details\" >Procedural Details<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/#Disputes\" >Disputes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/#Detailed_Reasoning\" >Detailed Reasoning<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/#Infringement_Analysis\" >Infringement Analysis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/#Passing_Off\" >Passing Off<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/#Decision\" >Decision<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/passing-off-infringement-and-concealment\/#Disclaimer\" >Disclaimer<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>The appellant clarified during proceedings that its request was limited only to restraining the respondents from using the marks <strong>QUANTUM<\/strong> and <strong>QUANTUM DISPLAY<\/strong>, and was no longer seeking an injunction against the respondents&#8217; use of their other registered trademarks containing \u201cQUANTUM\u201d as a part. Quantum Hi-Tech Merchandising Pvt. Ltd. asserted its adoption of the trademark <strong>QUANTUM<\/strong> since 1992, with formal registration under Class 9 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999, following a transfer from its predecessor in 2006. The respondents were manufacturing televisions and related goods under similar marks, some of which were separately registered.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"procedural-details\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procedural_Details\"><\/span>Procedural Details<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The appellant sought an interim injunction under <strong>Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2<\/strong> of the Civil Procedure Code to restrain the respondents&#8217; use of the allegedly infringing marks. An <em>ad interim<\/em> order was initially passed, restraining the respondents. Subsequently, the respondents applied under <strong>Order XXXIX Rule 4<\/strong> for vacation of this interim order.<\/p>\n<p>On <strong>15 December 2021<\/strong>, the Commercial Court dismissed the appellant\u2019s application for interim injunction and allowed the respondents&#8217; application to vacate the order. Aggrieved, the appellant filed an appeal before the High Court of Delhi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"disputes\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disputes\"><\/span>Disputes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Whether the appellant had a valid trademark registration for the mark <strong>QUANTUM<\/strong> for goods in question.<\/li>\n<li>Whether the respondents\u2019 use of marks such as <strong>QUANTUM<\/strong> and <strong>QUANTUM DISPLAY<\/strong> constituted infringement or passing off.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"detailed-reasoning\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Detailed_Reasoning\"><\/span>Detailed Reasoning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The High Court noticed that the appellant had engaged in <strong>wilful and deliberate concealment of facts<\/strong>, noting the lack of bona fide in suppressing details regarding the nature of its trademark registration and use of the relevant affidavit. The Court emphasized that equity dictates interim relief can only be granted to parties who approach the court with clean hands, as per <em>Seema Arshad Zaheer v. Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai<\/em> and <em>S.K. Sachdeva v. Shri Educare Ltd.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"infringement-analysis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Infringement_Analysis\"><\/span>Infringement Analysis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regarding infringement, the High Court clarified that had the concealment not happened, the appellant might otherwise have had a good case for injunction based on a valid device mark registration, especially since \u201cQUANTUM\u201d is the dominant part of its device mark. The Court cited:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>K. R. Chinna Krishna Chettiar v. Shri Ambal Co<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>South India Beverages Pvt. Ltd. v. General Mills Marketing Inc<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Pernod Ricard India P Ltd. v. Karanveer Singh Chhabra<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Court reiterated that if a dominant part of a composite mark is replicated in another\u2019s mark, confusion is likely under <strong>Section 29(2)(b)<\/strong> of the Trade Marks Act.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"passing-off\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Passing_Off\"><\/span>Passing Off<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>For passing off, the court cited <em>Kaviraj Pandit Durga Dutt Sharma v. Navaratna Pharmaceutical Laboratories<\/em> and <em>Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha v. Prius Auto Industries Ltd.<\/em> It held that passing off requires evidence of sale in the market and accumulation of goodwill before the defendant began using the impugned mark. As there was no proof of sale or sufficient material regarding goodwill, the passing off claim failed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"decision\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decision\"><\/span>Decision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The High Court upheld the Commercial Court\u2019s order, finding that the appellant was guilty of concealment of facts and therefore not entitled to interim injunction. The appeal was dismissed, with no orders as to costs.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Case Title<\/th>\n<td>Quantum Hi-Tech Merchandising Pvt. Ltd. Vs. LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. &amp; Ors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Order Date<\/th>\n<td>4 November 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Case Number<\/th>\n<td>FAO COMM 22\/2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Neutral Citation<\/th>\n<td>2025:DHC:9630-DB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Court<\/th>\n<td>High Court of Delhi at New Delhi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Hon&#8217;ble Judges<\/th>\n<td>Justice C. Hari Shankar and Justice Om Prakash Shukla<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Written By<\/th>\n<td>Advocate Ajay Amitabh Suman, IP Adjutor [Patent and Trademark Attorney], High Court of Delhi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"disclaimer\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disclaimer\"><\/span>Disclaimer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The information shared here is intended to serve the public interest by offering insights and perspectives. However, readers are advised to exercise their own discretion when interpreting and applying this information. The content herein is subjective and may contain errors in perception, interpretation, and presentation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quantum Hi-Tech Merchandising Pvt. Ltd. Vs LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. &amp; Ors. \u2013 Trademark Dispute Analysis Facts Quantum Hi-Tech Merchandising Pvt. Ltd., the appellant, instituted a suit before the District Judge Commercial Court-II, Shahdara, alleging that LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd., LG Korea, and their Brand Store in Delhi infringed its registered trademarks and<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,28],"class_list":["post-11456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-intellectual-property","tag-just-in","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6.1 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Passing Off, Infringement, and Concealment - Legal Service India - 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