{"id":12045,"date":"2025-11-21T05:08:06","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T05:08:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=12045"},"modified":"2025-11-21T05:11:14","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T05:11:14","slug":"status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/","title":{"rendered":"Status of an Illegitimate Child in Islam"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_and_Moral_Status_of_an_Illegitimate_Child_Walad_al-Zina_in_Islam\"><\/span>Legal and Moral Status of an Illegitimate Child (Walad al-Zin\u0101) in Islam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In Islam, an illegitimate child is referred to as <em>walad al-zin\u0101<\/em> (child born through fornication or adultery). This status applies when a child is born outside a valid marriage contract (<em>nik\u0101\u1e25 \u1e63a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25<\/em>). Legally, such a child is attributed solely to the mother\u2014not the biological father\u2014for purposes of lineage (<em>nasab<\/em>), inheritance, and guardianship.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Legal_and_Moral_Status_of_an_Illegitimate_Child_Walad_al-Zina_in_Islam\" >Legal and Moral Status of an Illegitimate Child (Walad al-Zin\u0101) in Islam<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Comparison_with_Other_Religions_and_Legal_Systems\" >Comparison with Other Religions and Legal Systems<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Moral_and_Spiritual_Status_of_the_Child\" >Moral and Spiritual Status of the Child<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Legal_Status_in_Islamic_Jurisprudence_Fiqh\" >Legal Status in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Lineage_Nasab_and_Paternity\" >Lineage (Nasab) and Paternity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Inheritance_Rights\" >Inheritance Rights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Guardianship_and_Custody\" >Guardianship and Custody<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Social_and_Ethical_Considerations\" >Social and Ethical Considerations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Contemporary_Fatwas_and_Interpretations\" >Contemporary Fatwas and Interpretations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Summary_Table\" >Summary Table<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Legal_Distinctions_Illegitimacy_Walad_al-Zina_vs_Irregularity_Fasid\" >Legal Distinctions: Illegitimacy (Walad al-Zina) vs. Irregularity (Fasid)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Court_Precedent_on_Walad_al-Zina\" >Court Precedent on Walad al-Zina<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#The_Crucial_Distinction_Fasid_vs_Batil_Marriage\" >The Crucial Distinction: Fasid vs. Batil Marriage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Legal_Status_of_Children_from_Fasid_Marriages\" >Legal Status of Children from Fasid Marriages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Judicial_Affirmation_in_India_Case_Law\" >Judicial Affirmation in India (Case Law)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/status-of-an-illegitimate-child-in-islam\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>A key exception exists through the legitimacy rule: if the child is born <strong>at least six lunar months after a valid marriage<\/strong>, the child is legally attributed to the husband, regardless of biological paternity.<\/p>\n<p>Examples include children born:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>from premarital sexual relations,<\/li>\n<li>from adultery where the mother is married to another man,<\/li>\n<li>less than six lunar months after marriage,<\/li>\n<li>through secret or non-recognized unions,<\/li>\n<li>or where paternity is claimed solely through DNA without lawful marriage.<br \/>\nChildren from invalid marriages\u2014such as <em>mut\u2018ah<\/em> in Sunni jurisprudence\u2014may also be considered illegitimate depending on the school of law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparison_with_Other_Religions_and_Legal_Systems\"><\/span>Comparison with Other Religions and Legal Systems<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Historically, Christianity imposed significant social stigma and legal disabilities on children born outside wedlock, including restrictions on inheritance and social recognition\u2014rules that have largely disappeared under modern secular legal systems in Christian-majority societies. In contrast, contemporary Hindu personal law (particularly in India) grants such children full inheritance rights from the mother and, through judicial development, from the father as well, including rights in ancestral property, thereby approaching legal parity with legitimate children.<\/p>\n<p>Islamic law, while maintaining strict lineage principles by attributing the child to the mother alone and denying automatic paternal inheritance in cases of zin\u0101 (fornication or adultery) in most classical interpretations, emphasizes that the child is entirely innocent, carries no moral blame for the parents\u2019 actions, and is entitled to dignity, compassion, care, and protection.<\/p>\n<p>Islam protects the child from stigma, ensures dignity and care, yet maintains strict lineage rules to preserve family structure, identity, and inheritance clarity.<\/p>\n<p>Here is a detailed and authentic explanation based on the Qur\u2019an, Hadith, and classical Islamic jurisprudence:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moral_and_Spiritual_Status_of_the_Child\"><\/span>Moral and Spiritual Status of the Child<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>No sin is inherited<\/strong>: The Qur\u2019an clearly states that no soul bears the burden of another:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u201cNo bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Surah Al-An\u2018am (6:164), Surah Al-Isra (17:15)<\/p>\n<p>This affirms that a child born out of wedlock is not sinful by birth and should not be stigmatized.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Equal in accountability and reward<\/strong>: The child is judged by their own deeds, not by the circumstances of their birth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Status_in_Islamic_Jurisprudence_Fiqh\"><\/span>Legal Status in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lineage_Nasab_and_Paternity\"><\/span>Lineage (Nasab) and Paternity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If a child is born from zina (fornication or adultery), classical jurists agree that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The child is not attributed to the biological father<\/strong> unless the child was born at least six lunar months after a valid marriage contract.<\/li>\n<li>The child is <strong>attributed to the mother<\/strong> and takes her name.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Prophet \ufdfa said:<\/p>\n<p>The Prophet Muhammad \ufdfa said, \u201cThe child is for the (marriage) bed, and for the adulterer is the stone.\u201d (Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 2053). This Hadith establishes that a child born outside of wedlock (walad al-zina) is not legally attributed to the biological father unless born within a valid marriage. However, Islam emphasizes that the child bears no sin and must be treated with dignity, compassion, and justice, as every soul is accountable only for its own deeds.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inheritance_Rights\"><\/span>Inheritance Rights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The child <strong>does not inherit<\/strong> from the biological father, nor does the father inherit from the child.<\/li>\n<li>The child <strong>inherits from the mother<\/strong> and her relatives, and vice versa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Guardianship_and_Custody\"><\/span>Guardianship and Custody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The mother or her family typically has custody.<\/li>\n<li>The biological father has <strong>no legal guardianship (wilayah)<\/strong> over the child unless the child is later adopted through a legal Islamic process (without claiming biological paternity).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Social_and_Ethical_Considerations\"><\/span>Social and Ethical Considerations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>No discrimination<\/strong>: Islam strongly discourages shaming or ostracizing the child. The Prophet \ufdfa emphasized compassion and justice for all, especially the vulnerable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opportunity for righteousness<\/strong>: Many scholars emphasize that an illegitimate child can become a pious and righteous believer, and should be supported in doing so.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adoption and care<\/strong>: While Islam does not allow changing the child\u2019s lineage, it encourages caring for orphans and abandoned children with kindness and justice (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:220).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contemporary_Fatwas_and_Interpretations\"><\/span>Contemporary Fatwas and Interpretations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Modern scholars reaffirm that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The child is <strong>not to be blamed<\/strong> or treated unjustly.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>biological father may support the child financially<\/strong>, but this does not establish legal paternity unless a valid marriage existed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DNA evidence<\/strong> may be used for establishing biological links, but it does not override the legal rulings of nasab unless supported by marriage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary_Table\"><\/span>Summary Table<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Aspect<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Ruling in Islam<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sinfulness<\/td>\n<td>Not sinful; judged by own deeds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lineage (Nasab)<\/td>\n<td>Attributed to mother only<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Inheritance<\/td>\n<td>Inherits from mother, not from biological father<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Guardianship<\/td>\n<td>No legal guardianship for biological father<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Social treatment<\/td>\n<td>Must be treated with dignity and compassion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Religious obligations<\/td>\n<td>Same as any other Muslim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Distinctions_Illegitimacy_Walad_al-Zina_vs_Irregularity_Fasid\"><\/span>Legal Distinctions: Illegitimacy (Walad al-Zina) vs. Irregularity (Fasid)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Islamic jurisprudence draws a critical distinction between pure Illegitimacy (<em>Walad al-Zina<\/em>) and legitimacy derived from an Irregular (<em>Fasid<\/em>) Marriage. This distinction is vital in determining the child&#8217;s <em>Nasab<\/em> (lineage) and inheritance rights, particularly under the Hanafi school prevalent in South Asia.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Court_Precedent_on_Walad_al-Zina\"><\/span>Court Precedent on Walad al-Zina<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Principle: <\/strong>The legitimacy of a child under Islamic law depends strictly on the existence of a valid <em>Nikah<\/em> (<em>al-firash<\/em>), not civil age thresholds. A child born of <em>walad al-zina<\/em> (pure fornication\/adultery) is attributed to the mother alone and cannot inherit from the biological father, thereby preserving the classical Sharia principles on lineage.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Crucial_Distinction_Fasid_vs_Batil_Marriage\"><\/span>The Crucial Distinction: Fasid vs. Batil Marriage<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Marriage Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Legal Status<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Definition \/ Defect<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Status of Children<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sahih<\/td>\n<td>Valid<\/td>\n<td>Meets all conditions (no defects).<\/td>\n<td>Legitimate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fasid (Irregular)<\/td>\n<td>Invalid but Not Void<\/td>\n<td>Has a removable defect (e.g., lack of witnesses, or a Muslim man marrying a non-<em>Kitabiyya<\/em> woman without her conversion in the Hanafi school).<\/td>\n<td>Legitimate (Lineage established)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Batil (Void)<\/td>\n<td>Void <em>ab initio<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Invalid from the start (e.g., marrying one&#8217;s sister).<\/td>\n<td>Illegitimate (<em>Walad al-Zina<\/em> Status)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Status_of_Children_from_Fasid_Marriages\"><\/span>Legal Status of Children from Fasid Marriages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In the majority classical view (Hanafi school):<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Lineage (Nasab): <\/strong>Is automatically established with the father.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inheritance: <\/strong>The children inherit from both the father and the mother, possessing full mutual inheritance rights.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_Affirmation_in_India_Case_Law\"><\/span>Judicial Affirmation in India (Case Law)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Mohammed Salim v. Shamsudeen (2019) 19 SCC 16 (Supreme Court of India): <\/strong>The Apex Court held that a marriage between a Muslim man and a Hindu (non-<em>Kitabiyya<\/em>\/idolatress) woman without her conversion is <em>fasid<\/em> (irregular), not <em>batil<\/em> (void <em>ab initio<\/em>). Consequently, the Court ruled that children born of such a <em>fasid<\/em> marriage are legitimate, are legally attributed to the father, and are entitled to full inheritance rights from him, definitively distinguishing them from children born of pure <em>zina<\/em> or a <em>batil<\/em> union.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Minority opinions: <\/strong>A respectable minority of classical and later scholars (e.g., &#8216;Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, Hasan al-Basri, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim, Shaykh al-Islam&#8217;s favoured view, and some contemporary voices) allow attribution to the biological father if he openly acknowledges the child, especially to protect the child&#8217;s interests and lineage. However, this view is not the majority or dominant position in most modern fatwa institutions.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Islamic jurisprudence upholds a profound and principled distinction between moral innocence and legal attribution in the case of an illegitimate child (walad al-zina). While the child is wholly innocent and deserving of full human dignity, spiritual inclusion, and communal care, the legal framework\u2014anchored in Qur\u2019anic ethics and Prophetic guidance\u2014preserves the sanctity of lineage (nasab) by restricting paternal affiliation to children born within valid marriage (al-firash). This ensures clarity in inheritance, guardianship, and identity, without compromising the child\u2019s right to protection and support. By differentiating walad al-zina from children of irregular (fasid) unions\u2014who retain full legal legitimacy\u2014Islamic law balances moral compassion with legal precision, affirming both justice and mercy in its treatment of the most vulnerable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ask Imam \u2013 Hanafi Fiqh on Illegitimate Children &#8211; https:\/\/islamqa.org\/hanafi\/askimam\/28523\/<\/li>\n<li>Islam Q&amp;A \u2013 Attribution of an Illegitimate Child &#8211; https:\/\/islamqa.info\/en\/answers\/85043\/attribution-of-an-illegitimate-child-and-rulings-that-result-from-that<\/li>\n<li>Islam Helpline \u2013 Rulings on Illegitimate Children &#8211; https:\/\/islamhelpline.net\/production\/public\/iqa\/qa\/202\/illegitimate-children<\/li>\n<li>ISARER \u2013 Legal Status of Illegitimate Children under Muslim Law &#8211; https:\/\/isarer.com\/illegitimate-children-under-muslim-law\/<\/li>\n<li>Quran Mualim \u2013 Definition and Meaning in Islam &#8211; https:\/\/www.quranmualim.com\/illegitimate-child-definition-meaning-in-islam\/<\/li>\n<li>IJLR \u2013 Legislative Reforms for Succession Rights of Illegitimate Children &#8211; https:\/\/www.quranmualim.com\/illegitimate-child-definition-meaning-in-islam\/<\/li>\n<li>IJLSSS \u2013 Comparative Analysis of Laws Protecting Children Born Outside Marriage &#8211; https:\/\/ijlsss.com\/legislative-reforms-for-succession-rights-of-illegitimate-children-a-global-comparative-analysis-of-laws-protecting-children-born-outside-marriage\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Legal and Moral Status of an Illegitimate Child (Walad al-Zin\u0101) in Islam Introduction In Islam, an illegitimate child is referred to as walad al-zin\u0101 (child born through fornication or adultery). This status applies when a child is born outside a valid marriage contract (nik\u0101\u1e25 \u1e63a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25). Legally, such a child is attributed solely to the mother\u2014not<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[342,28],"class_list":{"0":"post-12045","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-family-law","7":"tag-family-law","8":"tag-top-news"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12045"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12045\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}