{"id":13027,"date":"2025-12-19T05:15:11","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T05:15:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=13027"},"modified":"2025-12-19T05:18:17","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T05:18:17","slug":"all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/","title":{"rendered":"All Contracts are Agreements, but not all Agreements are Contracts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"universally-accepted-legal-maxim\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Universally_Accepted_Legal_Maxim\"><\/span>Universally Accepted Legal Maxim<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This statement is a universally accepted legal maxim that defines the scope and prerequisites of a valid contract. To fully appreciate its meaning, it is essential to first understand the legal definition of both Agreement and Contract and the distinguishing elements between them.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Universally_Accepted_Legal_Maxim\" >Universally Accepted Legal Maxim<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#The_Broad_Scope_of_an_Agreement\" >The Broad Scope of an Agreement<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Definition\" >Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Characteristics_of_an_Agreement\" >Characteristics of an Agreement<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#The_Narrow_Scope_of_a_Contract\" >The Narrow Scope of a Contract<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Definition-2\" >Definition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Essential_Elements_of_a_Valid_Contract_The_%E2%80%98Efficacy_Test\" >Essential Elements of a Valid Contract (The &#8216;Efficacy Test&#8217;)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#The_Distinction_When_an_Agreement_Is_Not_a_Contract\" >The Distinction: When an Agreement Is Not a Contract<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#SocialDomestic_Agreements_Lack_of_Intention\" >Social\/Domestic Agreements (Lack of Intention)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Agreements_Lacking_Lawful_Consideration\" >Agreements Lacking Lawful Consideration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Agreements_Against_Public_Policy\" >Agreements Against Public Policy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#The_Contrasting_Scenario_Rebuttal_of_Presumption\" >The Contrasting Scenario (Rebuttal of Presumption)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Conclusion_and_Synthesis\" >Conclusion and Synthesis<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Written_By_Judge_Nazmul_Hasan\" >Written By: Judge Nazmul Hasan<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Professional_Expertise\" >Professional Expertise<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Academic_Distinction\" >Academic Distinction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/all-contracts-are-agreements-but-not-all-agreements-are-contracts\/#Honors_Achievements_Awards_of_Excellence\" >Honors &amp; Achievements (Awards of Excellence)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"broad-scope-of-agreement\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Broad_Scope_of_an_Agreement\"><\/span>The Broad Scope of an Agreement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An agreement is the foundational stage of a contract. It is a very broad term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"definition-of-agreement\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definition\"><\/span>Definition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (which reflects common law principles):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cEvery promise and every set of promises, forming the consideration for each other, is an Agreement.\u201d (Section 2(e))<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, a \u201cpromise\u201d is defined as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWhen the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted. A proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise.\u201d (Section 2(b))<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"characteristics-of-agreement\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics_of_an_Agreement\"><\/span>Characteristics of an Agreement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An agreement essentially requires two elements:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Offer\/Proposal:<\/strong> One party expresses a willingness to do or abstain from doing something.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Acceptance:<\/strong> The other party signifies their assent to the offer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong> An agreement is merely a consensus of the minds (<em>consensus ad idem<\/em>) on the same subject matter. It creates only a moral or social obligation, not necessarily a legal one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"narrow-scope-of-contract\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Narrow_Scope_of_a_Contract\"><\/span>The Narrow Scope of a Contract<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A contract is a specific type of agreement that has achieved the status of legal enforceability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"definition-of-contract\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definition-2\"><\/span>Definition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Again, referencing the Indian Contract Act, 1872:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cAn Agreement enforceable by law is a Contract.\u201d (Section 2(h))<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>This definition clearly states that a Contract is a subset of an Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"essential-elements-valid-contract\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Essential_Elements_of_a_Valid_Contract_The_%E2%80%98Efficacy_Test\"><\/span>Essential Elements of a Valid Contract (The &#8216;Efficacy Test&#8217;)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For an agreement to mature into a legally binding contract, it must satisfy a number of essential conditions, often derived from Section 10 of the Contract Act and common law. These elements are the \u201cextra ingredients\u201d that transform a social promise into a legally enforceable obligation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Essential Element<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1. Intention to Create Legal Relations<\/td><td>The parties must intend that their agreement will have legal consequences and be enforceable in a court of law. This is the primary distinguishing factor.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. Lawful Consideration<\/td><td>Something of value (the \u201cprice\u201d of the promise) must be exchanged between the parties. A bare promise (<em>nudum pactum<\/em>) is not a contract.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. Capacity of Parties<\/td><td>The parties must be legally competent to contract (e.g., must be of the age of majority, of sound mind, etc.).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4. Free Consent<\/td><td>The agreement must be made out of the genuine consent of both parties, free from coercion, fraud, or mistake.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5. Lawful Object<\/td><td>The purpose of the agreement must not be illegal, immoral, or opposed to public policy.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6. Certainty and Possibility of Performance<\/td><td>The terms of the agreement must be certain and capable of being performed.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"agreement-not-contract\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Distinction_When_an_Agreement_Is_Not_a_Contract\"><\/span>The Distinction: When an Agreement Is Not a Contract<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The crux of the statement lies in the agreements that fail the \u201cEfficacy Test\u201d by not possessing one or more of the essential elements of a contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"social-domestic-agreements\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SocialDomestic_Agreements_Lack_of_Intention\"><\/span>Social\/Domestic Agreements (Lack of Intention)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> A father promises his son Rs. 500 for scoring good marks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Status:<\/strong> This is a valid Agreement (Offer + Acceptance).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Why It\u2019s Not a Contract:<\/strong> It lacks the Intention to Create Legal Relations. The son cannot sue the father.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Case Reference (English Law):<\/strong> <em>Balfour v. Balfour<\/em> [1919] 2 KB 571 (UK Court of Appeal)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Principle:<\/strong> The court held that agreements between spouses, while living in amity, regarding domestic or personal matters are generally presumed not to be intended to be legally binding. Lord Atkin famously stated that the law does not regulate the form of agreements between spouses, whose promises are based on natural love and affection, not legal consequence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Indian Context:<\/strong> Indian Courts generally follow the principle laid down in <em>Balfour v. Balfour<\/em>, holding that family\/social matters do not carry the presumption of legal intent unless explicitly proven otherwise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"agreements-lacking-consideration\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Agreements_Lacking_Lawful_Consideration\"><\/span>Agreements Lacking Lawful Consideration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> A promises to gift his entire library to B without B giving anything in return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Status:<\/strong> This is an Agreement (Offer + Acceptance).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Why It\u2019s Not a Contract:<\/strong> It lacks Lawful Consideration. It is a bare promise, and therefore unenforceable, unless it falls under one of the statutory exceptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Case Reference (Indian Law):<\/strong> <em>Durga Prasad v. Baldeo<\/em> (1880) 3 All 221<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Principle:<\/strong> The court emphasized that the consideration must move from the promisee (or any other person, as per Indian law) to the promisor in return for the promise. A promise made for an act that was done at the request of a third party (or was merely a social duty) is not valid consideration to support a contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"agreements-against-public-policy\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Agreements_Against_Public_Policy\"><\/span>Agreements Against Public Policy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> A promises to pay B Rs. 10,000 if B refrains from marrying (Agreement in restraint of marriage).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Status:<\/strong> This is an Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Why It\u2019s Not a Contract:<\/strong> It lacks a Lawful Object and is expressly declared void by law (e.g., Section 26 of the Indian Contract Act).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Case Reference (Indian Law):<\/strong> <em>Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose<\/em> (1903) 30 Cal. 539 (PC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Principle:<\/strong> This landmark case established that an agreement with a person who is incompetent to contract, specifically a minor, is void <em>ab initio<\/em> (void from the very beginning). This demonstrates that agreements lacking the essential element of \u201cCapacity\u201d are not contracts at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"contrasting-scenario\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Contrasting_Scenario_Rebuttal_of_Presumption\"><\/span>The Contrasting Scenario (Rebuttal of Presumption)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The distinction is further clarified by cases where the domestic presumption is successfully rebutted:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Case Reference (English Law):<\/strong> <em>Merritt v. Merritt<\/em> [1970] 2 All ER 760 (UK Court of Appeal)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Principle:<\/strong> Where a husband and wife are separated (or about to separate), the presumption against the intention to create legal relations does not apply. The court reasoned that in such circumstances, the parties deal with each other at \u201carm\u2019s length\u201d and would naturally intend their agreements to be legally binding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion-synthesis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion_and_Synthesis\"><\/span>Conclusion and Synthesis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The statement can be summarized using simple logical deduction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>All Contracts Are Agreements:<\/strong> This is true, because the term \u201cContract\u201d is defined as an agreement that meets the criteria of legal enforceability (Section 2(h)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Not All Agreements Are Contracts:<\/strong> This is true, because many agreements\u2014particularly social and domestic arrangements like those in <em>Balfour v. Balfour<\/em> or agreements lacking essential elements like those in <em>Durga Prasad v. Baldeo<\/em> or <em>Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose<\/em>\u2014fail to satisfy the legal requirements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The enforceability by law, contingent upon the presence of all essential elements (Section 10), is the litmus test that elevates a mere agreement into a legally binding contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"written-by\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Written_By_Judge_Nazmul_Hasan\"><\/span>Written By: Judge Nazmul Hasan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Senior Judicial Magistrate<\/strong> | <strong>Prime Minister Gold Medalist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nazmul Hasan is a highly accomplished judicial officer and legal scholar from Bangladesh, distinguished by a rare blend of judicial service excellence and unparalleled academic achievement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"professional-expertise\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Professional_Expertise\"><\/span>Professional Expertise<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Title<\/th><th>Achievement \/ Service<\/th><th>Details<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Senior Judicial Magistrate<\/td><td>Bangladesh Judicial Service (BJS)<\/td><td>Serving as a Senior Judicial Magistrate, demonstrating profound expertise in dispensing justice and administering court procedures.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Service Rank<\/td><td>11th Bangladesh Judicial Service (BJS)<\/td><td>Secured the 7th Merit Position overall in the rigorous 11th BJS competitive examination, marking an exceptional start to a distinguished judicial career.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"academic-distinction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Academic_Distinction\"><\/span>Academic Distinction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Qualification<\/th><th>Institution<\/th><th>Recognition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>LL.B. (Hons.)<\/td><td>University of Rajshahi<\/td><td>First Class First (Top of the Cohort), signifying ultimate academic mastery in undergraduate legal studies.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LL.M.<\/td><td>University of Rajshahi<\/td><td>Achieved First Class standing, further solidifying expertise and specialized knowledge in advanced legal disciplines.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"honors-achievements\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Honors_Achievements_Awards_of_Excellence\"><\/span>Honors &amp; Achievements (Awards of Excellence)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prime Minister Gold Medalist (2017):<\/strong> Awarded the nation\u2019s most prestigious academic honor for outstanding performance across all disciplines at the university level.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agrani Bank Gold Medalist for Academic Excellence (2023):<\/strong> Recognized with this distinguished medal for sustained academic excellence and leadership in the field of law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nazmul Hasan\u2019s profile reflects a deep commitment to judicial integrity and academic rigour, positioning him as a leading figure in the Bangladesh legal community.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Universally Accepted Legal Maxim This statement is a universally accepted legal maxim that defines the scope and prerequisites of a valid contract. To fully appreciate its meaning, it is essential to first understand the legal definition of both Agreement and Contract and the distinguishing elements between them. The Broad Scope of an Agreement An agreement<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":888,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[282],"tags":[3764,28],"class_list":{"0":"post-13027","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-bangladesh-laws","7":"tag-bangladesh-laws","8":"tag-top-news"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/888"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13027\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}