{"id":13330,"date":"2025-12-23T07:17:20","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T07:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=13330"},"modified":"2025-12-23T07:25:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T07:25:52","slug":"the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/","title":{"rendered":"The Standard of Care: A Comprehensive Juridical Analysis of the Bolam Principle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_The_Bolam_Principle_in_Medical_Negligence_Law\"><\/span>Introduction: The Bolam Principle in Medical Negligence Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the intricate landscape of medical negligence law, the Bolam Principle stands as the foundational pillar for determining the standard of care expected from professionals. Arising from a landmark mid-20th-century English case, this principle transformed the way courts evaluate \u201cbreach of duty.\u201d It shifts the focus from what a layperson might expect to what a responsible body of professional peers deems acceptable. This article provides a sophisticated exploration of the principle\u2019s origins, its application through case law, and its evolving role in modern jurisprudence.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Introduction_The_Bolam_Principle_in_Medical_Negligence_Law\" >Introduction: The Bolam Principle in Medical Negligence Law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#The_Genesis_Understanding_Bolam_v_Friern_Hospital_Management_Committee\" >The Genesis: Understanding Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Case_Reference\" >Case Reference<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#The_Facts\" >The Facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#The_Ruling\" >The Ruling<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#The_Legal_Definition_The_%E2%80%9CPeer-Professional%E2%80%9D_Standard\" >The Legal Definition: The \u201cPeer-Professional\u201d Standard<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Leading_Case_Law_Landmark_Judgments_Shaping_the_Doctrine\" >Leading Case Law: Landmark Judgments Shaping the Doctrine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Practical_Examples_and_Legal_Concepts\" >Practical Examples and Legal Concepts<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Example_A_The_Choice_of_Surgical_Technique\" >Example A: The Choice of Surgical Technique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Example_B_The_Omission_of_a_Diagnostic_Test\" >Example B: The Omission of a Diagnostic Test<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#The_Modern_Shift_Montgomery_and_Informed_Consent\" >The Modern Shift: Montgomery and Informed Consent<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Written_By_Judge_Nazmul_Hasan\" >Written By: Judge Nazmul Hasan<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Profile_Overview\" >Profile Overview<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Professional_Expertise\" >Professional Expertise<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Academic_Distinction\" >Academic Distinction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Honors_Achievements_Awards_of_Excellence\" >Honors &amp; Achievements (Awards of Excellence)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-standard-of-care-a-comprehensive-juridical-analysis-of-the-bolam-principle\/#Contact_Information\" >Contact Information<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Genesis_Understanding_Bolam_v_Friern_Hospital_Management_Committee\"><\/span>The Genesis: Understanding Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-reference-bolam\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Reference\"><\/span>Case Reference<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The principle derives its name from the 1957 case of <em>Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee<\/em> [1957] 1 WLR 582.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"facts-bolam-case\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Facts\"><\/span>The Facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The claimant, Mr. Bolam, was suffering from mental illness and underwent electro-convulsive therapy (ECT). He was not given muscle relaxants and was not restrained, resulting in serious fractures. At the time, medical opinion was divided: one group of doctors believed relaxants were necessary, while another believed they increased risk unless used in specific ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ruling-bolam-case\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Ruling\"><\/span>The Ruling<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Justice McNair famously stated that a doctor is not guilty of negligence if he has acted in accordance with a practice accepted as proper by a responsible body of medical men skilled in that particular art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Legal_Definition_The_%E2%80%9CPeer-Professional%E2%80%9D_Standard\"><\/span>The Legal Definition: The \u201cPeer-Professional\u201d Standard<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Bolam Principle establishes that the standard of care is not based on the \u201caverage man on the street,\u201d but on the \u201creasonable professional.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Skill-Specific:<\/strong> The standard is adjusted based on the professional\u2019s specific field (e.g., a surgeon is compared to surgeons, not GPs).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Defense of Diversity:<\/strong> A doctor is not negligent simply because there is a contrary body of opinion. As long as a competent group of peers supports the action, the doctor is protected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leading_Case_Law_Landmark_Judgments_Shaping_the_Doctrine\"><\/span>Leading Case Law: Landmark Judgments Shaping the Doctrine<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand Bolam, one must observe how the courts have applied and restricted it over decades:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Case<\/th><th>Key Contribution to the Doctrine<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Maynard v West Midlands Regional Health Authority<\/strong> [1984]<\/td><td>The House of Lords reinforced Bolam by stating that it is not the court\u2019s role to choose which of two competing professional theories is \u201cbetter.\u201d If a doctor follows a respected school of thought, they have met their legal obligation.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Whitehouse v Jordan<\/strong> [1981]<\/td><td>This case distinguished between an error of judgment and negligence. Lord Denning noted that in high-pressure clinical situations, an error of judgment does not necessarily equate to a breach of duty, provided a reasonable body of doctors might have made the same choice.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bolitho v City and Hackney Health Authority<\/strong> [1998]<\/td><td>The most critical refinement of Bolam. The House of Lords ruled that the court must be satisfied that the professional opinion has a \u201clogical basis.\u201d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> If a body of doctors suggests a treatment that ignores a crystal-clear physical risk, the judge can label that opinion \u201cirrational\u201d and still find the doctor negligent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_Examples_and_Legal_Concepts\"><\/span>Practical Examples and Legal Concepts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To clarify the application of these concepts, consider the following scenarios:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-surgical-technique\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example_A_The_Choice_of_Surgical_Technique\"><\/span>Example A: The Choice of Surgical Technique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A surgeon performs a spinal fusion using \u201cMethod A.\u201d The patient suffers a nerve injury. While \u201cMethod B\u201d is more modern and popular, \u201cMethod A\u201d is still taught in medical schools and practiced by 30% of surgeons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Legal Outcome:<\/strong> Under Bolam, the surgeon is likely not negligent because they followed a practice accepted by a responsible body of peers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-diagnostic-test\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example_B_The_Omission_of_a_Diagnostic_Test\"><\/span>Example B: The Omission of a Diagnostic Test<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A GP decides not to order an MRI for a patient with mild back pain. The patient later develops a tumor. If the GP can show that most GPs in that specific region would also have waited before ordering an expensive scan, the GP is protected by the Bolam Principle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Modern_Shift_Montgomery_and_Informed_Consent\"><\/span>The Modern Shift: Montgomery and Informed Consent<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is vital for students to note that the Bolam Principle no longer applies to giving advice or warning of risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board<\/em> [2015], the Supreme Court ruled that when it comes to \u201cinformed consent,\u201d the standard is no longer what the doctor thinks is right to tell, but what a reasonable patient would want to know. Bolam remains the law for diagnosis and treatment, but disclosure is now patient-centered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Bolam Principle remains the bedrock of professional negligence law, providing a shield for practitioners who act within the bounds of accepted peer practice. While the Bolitho ruling introduced a requirement for \u201clogic\u201d and the Montgomery ruling removed \u201cconsent\u201d from its reach, the core of Bolam persists: the law recognizes that in complex professional fields, the experts\u2014not the judges\u2014are best suited to define the standard of care. For the law student, Bolam represents the delicate balance between protecting professional autonomy and ensuring patient safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"written-by-judge-nazmul-hasan\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Written_By_Judge_Nazmul_Hasan\"><\/span>Written By: Judge Nazmul Hasan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Senior Judicial Magistrate | Prime Minister Gold Medalist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"profile-overview\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Profile_Overview\"><\/span>Profile Overview<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>p&gt;Nazmul Hasan is a highly accomplished judicial officer and legal scholar from Bangladesh, distinguished by a rare blend of judicial service excellence and unparalleled academic achievement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"professional-expertise\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Professional_Expertise\"><\/span>Professional Expertise<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Title<\/th><th>Achievement \/ Service<\/th><th>Details<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Senior Judicial Magistrate<\/td><td>Bangladesh Judicial Service (BJS)<\/td><td>Serving as a Senior Judicial Magistrate, demonstrating profound expertise in dispensing justice and administering court procedures.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Service Rank<\/td><td>11th Bangladesh Judicial Service (BJS)<\/td><td>Secured the 7th Merit Position overall in the rigorous 11th BJS competitive examination, marking an exceptional start to a distinguished judicial career.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"academic-distinction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Academic_Distinction\"><\/span>Academic Distinction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Qualification<\/th><th>Institution<\/th><th>Recognition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>LL.B. (Hons.)<\/td><td>University of Rajshahi<\/td><td>First Class First (Top of the Cohort), signifying ultimate academic mastery in undergraduate legal studies.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LL.M.<\/td><td>University of Rajshahi<\/td><td>Achieved First Class standing, further solidifying expertise and specialized knowledge in advanced legal disciplines.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"honors-and-achievements\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Honors_Achievements_Awards_of_Excellence\"><\/span>Honors &amp; Achievements (Awards of Excellence)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prime Minister Gold Medalist (2017)<\/strong><br>Awarded the nation\u2019s most prestigious academic honor for outstanding performance across all disciplines at the university level.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agrani Bank Gold Medalist for Academic Excellence (2023)<\/strong><br>Recognized with this distinguished medal for sustained academic excellence and leadership in the field of law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"contact-information\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contact_Information\"><\/span>Contact Information<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Email:<\/strong> lawnewplatform2021@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction: The Bolam Principle in Medical Negligence Law In the intricate landscape of medical negligence law, the Bolam Principle stands as the foundational pillar for determining the standard of care expected from professionals. Arising from a landmark mid-20th-century English case, this principle transformed the way courts evaluate \u201cbreach of duty.\u201d It shifts the focus from<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":888,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3764],"class_list":{"0":"post-13330","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-uncategorized","7":"tag-bangladesh-laws"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/888"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13330"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13330\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}