{"id":13476,"date":"2025-12-26T04:54:31","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T04:54:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=13476"},"modified":"2025-12-26T05:01:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T05:01:14","slug":"disaster-diplomacy-and-disaster-law-national-and-international-perspectives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/disaster-diplomacy-and-disaster-law-national-and-international-perspectives\/","title":{"rendered":"Disaster Diplomacy and Disaster Law: National and International Perspectives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Disaster diplomacy explains how humanitarian cooperation during disasters can influence relations between states, even when political ties are strained, while disaster law provides the legal framework for prevention, preparedness, response, relief, rehabilitation, liability, and compensation. Disasters\u2014whether natural or man-made\u2014do not respect national boundaries and often compel countries to work together to protect lives and property. Together, disaster diplomacy and disaster law guide how states, international organisations, and domestic authorities manage crises by balancing state sovereignty, humanitarian needs, effective coordination, and the protection of human rights.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Concept of Disaster Diplomacy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Disaster diplomacy<\/strong> refers to the use of disaster-related activities\u2014such as humanitarian aid, relief cooperation, and reconstruction\u2014to influence diplomatic relations between states.<\/p>\n<p>It examines:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Whether disasters create opportunities for peace or cooperation<\/li>\n<li>How humanitarian assistance affects foreign relations<\/li>\n<li>The role of international law and institutions in disaster response<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key Features<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Temporary softening of hostilities<\/li>\n<li>Humanitarian assistance as a diplomatic tool<\/li>\n<li>Cooperation through international and regional mechanisms<\/li>\n<li>Limited long-term impact unless followed by political will<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>International Examples of Disaster Diplomacy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(a) India\u2013Pakistan Earthquake Diplomacy (2005)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>After the <strong>Kashmir earthquake<\/strong>, India offered humanitarian assistance to Pakistan despite political tensions. Cross-border relief and opening of communication channels showed how disasters can enable diplomatic engagement, though lasting peace did not follow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) US\u2013Cuba Cooperation after Hurricane Katrina (2005)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cuba offered medical aid to the United States, highlighting humanitarian outreach despite decades of strained relations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(c) Turkey\u2013Greece Earthquake Diplomacy (1999)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mutual assistance following earthquakes in both countries led to improved bilateral relations, termed a <strong>classic success of disaster diplomacy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(d) COVID-19 Pandemic Diplomacy<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vaccine diplomacy by India (\u201cVaccine Maitri\u201d)<\/li>\n<li>Medical aid diplomacy by China, Russia, and the EU<\/li>\n<li>WHO-led international coordination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This demonstrated how health disasters reshape global diplomacy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>International Legal Framework on Disaster Law<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Unlike international humanitarian law (armed conflict), <strong>disaster law is fragmented<\/strong>, but several instruments exist:<\/p>\n<p><strong>(a) International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Articles on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters (2016)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Key principles:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Respect for human dignity<\/li>\n<li>Duty to cooperate (Article 7)<\/li>\n<li>Consent of the affected State<\/li>\n<li>Non-discrimination<\/li>\n<li>Protection of relief personnel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These draft articles reflect <strong>customary international law<\/strong> principles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015\u20132030)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A non-binding but influential framework emphasizing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Disaster risk reduction<\/li>\n<li>Preparedness and resilience<\/li>\n<li>Shared responsibility of states<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(c) Role of International Organisations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>UN OCHA<\/strong>: coordination of humanitarian assistance<\/li>\n<li><strong>WHO<\/strong>: health emergencies<\/li>\n<li><strong>Red Cross \/ Red Crescent Movement<\/strong>: neutral humanitarian response<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Disaster Law in the Indian Context<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(a) Constitutional Framework<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Article 21<\/strong>: Right to life includes right to safety and disaster protection<\/li>\n<li><strong>Article 48A &amp; 51A(g)<\/strong>: Environmental protection<\/li>\n<li><strong>Seventh Schedule<\/strong>: Shared responsibility of Centre and States<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(b) Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DMA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The DMA is India\u2019s primary disaster law.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Institutions:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)<\/strong> \u2013 Section 3<\/li>\n<li><strong>State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)<\/strong> \u2013 Section 14<\/li>\n<li><strong>District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)<\/strong> \u2013 Section 25<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Important Powers:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Section 6<\/strong>: NDMA powers to lay down policies<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 10<\/strong>: Powers of National Executive Committee<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 35<\/strong>: Central Government\u2019s overriding powers<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sections 51\u201360<\/strong>: Penal provisions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Important Indian Case Laws on Disaster Law<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(a) Union of India v. Association for Democratic Reforms (2002)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court held that <strong>right to information is part of Article 21<\/strong>, relevant for transparency in disaster warnings and preparedness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) Gaurav Kumar Bansal v. Union of India (2020) \u2013 COVID-19 Migrant Crisis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court recognised:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>State obligation under <strong>DMA, 2005<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Duty to protect migrant workers during disasters<\/li>\n<li>Disaster response as a <strong>human rights obligation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(c) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak Case, 1987)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Though predating the DMA, this case laid down:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Absolute liability<\/strong> for hazardous industries<\/li>\n<li>Foundation for industrial disaster liability in India<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(d) Charan Lal Sahu v. Union of India (Bhopal Gas Disaster Case, 1990)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Court upheld:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Government\u2019s role as <strong>parens patriae<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>State responsibility in mass disaster compensation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This remains a cornerstone of <strong>industrial disaster jurisprudence<\/strong>.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>International Case Law and Legal Principles<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(a) Trail Smelter Arbitration (USA v. Canada, 1941)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Established the principle:<\/p>\n<p>A state must not allow activities within its territory to cause harm to another state.<\/p>\n<p>This principle applies to <strong>transboundary industrial and environmental disasters<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v. France, 1974)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Reinforced:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>State responsibility<\/li>\n<li>Environmental harm as a legal concern<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>(c) Fukushima Nuclear Disaster (2011)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Though not litigated internationally in a traditional sense, it led to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Review of nuclear safety laws worldwide<\/li>\n<li>Strengthening of <strong>IAEA disaster preparedness norms<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><strong> Disaster Diplomacy vs. Disaster Sovereignty<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A major tension exists between:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>State sovereignty<\/strong> (consent required for assistance)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Humanitarian necessity<\/strong> (urgent disaster relief)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>International law balances this by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Respecting consent<\/li>\n<li>Recognising a <strong>duty to cooperate<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Preventing arbitrary refusal of aid when lives are at risk<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Role of Disaster Diplomacy in India\u2019s Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>India uses disaster diplomacy by providing Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) during emergencies in India and neighbouring countries. Through operations such as Operation Maitri during the Nepal earthquake, Operation Samudra Setu during the COVID-19 pandemic, and tsunami relief in Indian Ocean countries, India has helped save lives and restore essential services. These efforts strengthen regional cooperation and enhance India\u2019s image as a responsible and reliable regional power.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Challenges and Limitations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Absence of a binding global disaster treaty<\/li>\n<li>Politicisation of humanitarian aid<\/li>\n<li>Weak enforcement mechanisms<\/li>\n<li>Climate change increasing disaster frequency<\/li>\n<li>Coordination gaps between agencies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Cognizance of Offence:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No court shall take cognizance of an offence under the Disaster Management Act, 2005, except upon a complaint made by the National, State or District Authority, the Central or State Government, or an authorised officer, or by any person who has given at least thirty days\u2019 prior notice in the prescribed manner of the alleged offence and intention to complain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Disaster diplomacy and disaster law show how humanitarian help, government action, and international relations come together during disasters. Disasters can create chances for countries to cooperate, but the law gives clear rules, responsibility, and protection of people\u2019s rights. Strong laws, better regional cooperation, and prepared institutions are necessary to move from only reacting after disasters to building long-term safety and resilience.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Disaster diplomacy explains how humanitarian cooperation during disasters can influence relations between states, even when political ties are strained, while disaster law provides the legal framework for prevention, preparedness, response, relief, rehabilitation, liability, and compensation. Disasters\u2014whether natural or man-made\u2014do not respect national boundaries and often compel countries to work together to protect lives and property.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-13476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Disaster Diplomacy and Disaster Law: National and International Perspectives - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore disaster diplomacy and disaster law, covering humanitarian cooperation, international frameworks, Indian laws, and key case laws.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/disaster-diplomacy-and-disaster-law-national-and-international-perspectives\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disaster Diplomacy and Disaster Law: National and International Perspectives\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explore disaster diplomacy and disaster law, covering humanitarian cooperation, international frameworks, Indian laws, and key case laws.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/disaster-diplomacy-and-disaster-law-national-and-international-perspectives\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-26T04:54:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-26T05:01:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/DISASTER-DIMPLOMACY.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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Imran Wahab\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Md. Imran Wahab\"},\"description\":\"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/author\\\/md-imranwahab\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Disaster Diplomacy and Disaster Law: National and International Perspectives - Legal Service India - Articles","description":"Explore disaster diplomacy and disaster law, covering humanitarian cooperation, international frameworks, Indian laws, and key case laws.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/disaster-diplomacy-and-disaster-law-national-and-international-perspectives\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Disaster Diplomacy and Disaster Law: National and International Perspectives","og_description":"Explore disaster diplomacy and disaster law, covering humanitarian cooperation, international frameworks, Indian laws, and key case laws.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/disaster-diplomacy-and-disaster-law-national-and-international-perspectives\/","og_site_name":"Legal Service India - Articles","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind","article_published_time":"2025-12-26T04:54:31+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-26T05:01:14+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/DISASTER-DIMPLOMACY.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Md. 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Imran Wahab","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","caption":"Md. Imran Wahab"},"description":"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/author\/md-imranwahab\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13476\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}