{"id":15304,"date":"2026-02-06T07:15:13","date_gmt":"2026-02-06T07:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=15304"},"modified":"2026-02-06T07:20:41","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T07:20:41","slug":"uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"Feasibility of the Uniform Civil Code in India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"abstract\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abstract\"><\/span>Abstract<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The research paper throws light on the issue pertaining to the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) and deals with the legal perspective of its flexibility in India.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Abstract\" >Abstract<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Background_And_Context\" >Background And Context<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Constitutional_Basis\" >Constitutional Basis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Objectives_Of_The_Paper\" >Objectives Of The Paper<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Approach_Of_The_Authors\" >Approach Of The Authors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Research_Methodology\" >Research Methodology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Meaning_Of_Uniform_Civil_Code_UCC\" >Meaning Of Uniform Civil Code (UCC)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Uniform_Civil_Code_And_Core_Concerns\" >Uniform Civil Code And Core Concerns<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Historical_Background\" >Historical Background<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Uniform_Civil_Code_In_Constitutional_Drafting\" >Uniform Civil Code In Constitutional Drafting<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Need_For_Uniform_Civil_Code\" >Need For Uniform Civil Code<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Need_And_Importance_Of_Uniform_Civil_Code\" >Need And Importance Of Uniform Civil Code<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Patriarchal_Structure_And_Inequality\" >Patriarchal Structure And Inequality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Diversity_And_National_Need\" >Diversity And National Need<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Key_Reasons_For_Uniform_Civil_Code\" >Key Reasons For Uniform Civil Code<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Uniform_Civil_Code_And_Secularism\" >Uniform Civil Code And Secularism<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Democracy_And_Vote_Bank_Politics\" >Democracy And Vote Bank Politics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#UCC_And_Interpretation_Of_Secularism\" >UCC And Interpretation Of Secularism<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Judicial_Review_on_Uniform_Civil_Code\" >Judicial Review on Uniform Civil Code<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Governments_Affidavit_in_Response_to_Sarla_Mudgal\" >Government\u2019s Affidavit in Response to Sarla Mudgal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Dr_BR_Ambedkars_Views_in_the_Constituent_Assembly\" >Dr. B.R. Ambedkar\u2019s Views in the Constituent Assembly<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Judicial_Developments_After_the_Mudgal_Case\" >Judicial Developments After the Mudgal Case<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Observations_in_John_Vallamattom_v_Union_of_India\" >Observations in John Vallamattom v. Union of India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Uniform_Civil_Code_and_Juvenile_Justice_Law\" >Uniform Civil Code and Juvenile Justice Law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Maintenance_and_Guardianship_Later_Supreme_Court_Views\" >Maintenance and Guardianship: Later Supreme Court Views<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#UCC_In_India\" >UCC In India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Varieties_Of_Personal_Laws_In_India\" >Varieties Of Personal Laws In India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Question_Of_One_Unified_Code\" >Question Of One Unified Code<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Limitations_Of_Hindu_Law_Enactments_1955%E2%80%931956\" >Limitations Of Hindu Law Enactments (1955\u20131956)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Regional_Variations_In_Hindu_Law\" >Regional Variations In Hindu Law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Customary_And_Tribal_Laws\" >Customary And Tribal Laws<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Matters_Where_Customs_And_Usages_Are_Permitted\" >Matters Where Customs And Usages Are Permitted<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Wide_Scope_Of_Customs_And_Usages\" >Wide Scope Of Customs And Usages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Minority_Apprehensions_Regarding_Uniform_Civil_Code\" >Minority Apprehensions Regarding Uniform Civil Code<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Religious_Freedom_And_Personal_Law\" >Religious Freedom And Personal Law<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Dr_BR_Ambedkars_Views_In_The_Constituent_Assembly\" >Dr. B.R. Ambedkar\u2019s Views In The Constituent Assembly<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Diversity_And_The_Question_Of_Legal_Uniformity\" >Diversity And The Question Of Legal Uniformity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Need_For_Implementation_Of_Uniform_Civil_Code\" >Need For Implementation Of Uniform Civil Code<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-india-constitutional-perspective\/#Uniform_Civil_Code_Present_Status_And_Future_Outlook\" >Uniform Civil Code: Present Status And Future Outlook<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"background-and-context\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background_And_Context\"><\/span>Background And Context<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The implementation of Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is one of the most debatable topics of the contemporary times. Uniform Civil Code seeks to replace personal laws based on the scriptures and customs of each major religious community in India with a common set of rules governing every citizen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"constitutional-basis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Constitutional_Basis\"><\/span>Constitutional Basis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uniform Civil Code (UCC) finds its reference in our Constitution under Article 44 of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) which states that it is the duty of the State to secure for its citizens a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) throughout the territory of India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"objectives-of-the-paper\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives_Of_The_Paper\"><\/span>Objectives Of The Paper<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The paper aims to provide its reader a detailed insight of Uniform Civil Code (UCC).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The merits that it will product upon its implementation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The issues that is hindering the implementation of the same.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"approach-of-the-authors\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Approach_Of_The_Authors\"><\/span>Approach Of The Authors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Authors have tried to discover a pragmatic approach to Uniform Civil Code (UCC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"research-methodology\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Research_Methodology\"><\/span>Research Methodology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Aspect<\/th><th>Details<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Nature Of Study<\/td><td>The study is based on secondary sourced data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sources Used<\/td><td>Books, magazines, journals and articles<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method<\/td><td>These have been explored for the study<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction-overview\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India Is A Long Way From Being A Congruent Nation State And Is A Home To The Most Assorted And Variable M\u00e9lange Of Populace And This Diversity Has No End. There Is Diversity In Culture, Customs, Faith, Rituals And Religion. This Diversity Blends Up And Make A Concoction Of A Vibrant Yet Difficult To Handle Populace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While There Is A Criminal Code Applicable To All The Citizens Of The Country Irrespective Of Their Religion, Race, Caste, Sex, And Place Of Birth, There Is No Similar Code While Regulating Marriage, Maintenance, Divorce, Adoption And Succession Which Are Regulated By Personal Laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At Present, Even After Passing Of The 72 Years Of The Indian Constitution, Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Has Not Been Actualized Yet In India. Now The Dilemma That Surrounds It, Is That Whether It Is Expedient Enough To Have A Uniform Set Of Civil Laws Or Not?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"meaning-of-ucc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meaning_Of_Uniform_Civil_Code_UCC\"><\/span>Meaning Of Uniform Civil Code (UCC)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Before Heading To Term Uniform Civil Code (UCC), It Is Pertinent To Note That Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Is Not An Exotic Term. It Is Defined Under Article 44 Of The Indian Constitution As \u201cState Shall Endeavor To Secure For The Citizens A Uniform Civil Code Throughout The Territory Of India\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Idea Of Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Essentially Involves Replacing Personal Laws Based On Scriptures, Statutes And Customs Of Every Religion In The Country With A Common Set Of Rules And Regulations, Governing Each And Every Citizen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ucc-and-core-concerns\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uniform_Civil_Code_And_Core_Concerns\"><\/span>Uniform Civil Code And Core Concerns<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Basically Includes The Subject Matter Of Secularism And Gender Biasedness. Secularism Is A Concept Which Needs To Be Broken Down And Analyzed At An Incredible Length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There Are Various Interpretations Of Secularism And It Is On The Basis Of Those Interpretations, Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Is Both Celebrated And Censured. Some Consider It As Anti-Secular, While For Some, It Is A Herald Of Communal Harmony And Secularism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, The Idea Of Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Questions The Human Rights Of Women, Which Looms Large In The Background. Thus, It Is Now To Be Comprehended That Uniformity In Personal Laws Which Prompt Equivalent Status To The Women Or Would Simply A Communal Agenda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"historical-background-overview\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Background\"><\/span>Historical Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Second Law Commission, Initiated By The British Government, Which Presented Its Report In 1835, Which Focused On The Requirement For Consistency In Codification Of Indian Law Identifying With Wrongdoings\/Crimes, Evidences And Commitments\/Contracts, Nonetheless, Explicitly Suggested That Personal Laws Of Hindus And Muslims Ought To Be Kept Outside Such Codification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indian Constitution Dates Back Its Reference From The Time When The First War Of Independence Was Found In 1857. The Then People Of Our Country, Tried Their Level Best To Frame The Basic Law Of The Land As The Indian Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ucc-in-constitution-drafting\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uniform_Civil_Code_In_Constitutional_Drafting\"><\/span>Uniform Civil Code In Constitutional Drafting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Was First Given Under Article 35 Of The Draft Of The Indian Constitution, But When The Constitution Was Prepared, Then This Article Was Renumbered As Article 44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simply Envision The Situation In 1955. The Country Had Been Free For Only Eight Years. Parliament Worked For A Long Time To Attain This Place. The Kashmir Issue Was At That Point Giving A Migraine To The Principal Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There Was Such A Great Amount To Accomplish For The Nation After About 300 Years Of Frontier Rule. He Had His Hands Full. However, He Thought Of Endeavoring Codification Of Hindu Ceremonies And Customs As A Feature Of His Reformist Vision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Procedure Had Hitherto Started In The Constituent Assembly. A Hand-Picked Board Had Been Framed To Draft Another Hindu Code To Systematize Social Practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"need-for-uniform-civil-code\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_For_Uniform_Civil_Code\"><\/span>Need For Uniform Civil Code<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many people belonging to different religions, race, castes, and class. The believed principle of law is that individual faiths and law must go hand in hand. They must not be in ambiguity with the Constitution. With different conviction frameworks, come various ideological clashes. To live respectively in simultaneousness with such decent variety, we have to have consistency at some level to keep away from such clashes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What we need is a Uniform Civil Code as a modern, orchestrated arrangement of lawful guideline that keeps up and handily utilizes the contribution of individual laws but then accomplishes a proportion of legitimate consistency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"need-and-importance-of-ucc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_And_Importance_Of_Uniform_Civil_Code\"><\/span>Need And Importance Of Uniform Civil Code<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many reasons that rationalize the need for Uniform Civil Code (UCC). It is the 21st century, and there is a need of an hour to provide equal treatment to all people, to promote gender justice and to have national integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"patriarchal-structure-and-inequality\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Patriarchal_Structure_And_Inequality\"><\/span>Patriarchal Structure And Inequality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We live in a patriarchal society where the men are treated as the rulers of the family and women as subordinate to them. It is truly evident that women face intolerance, prejudice over men and till today, the thinking of people have not changed. Men are given prime concern in case of inheritance and succession.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diversity-and-national-need\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diversity_And_National_Need\"><\/span>Diversity And National Need<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India being a country of diverse culture, traditions, religions and castes. There is a high need for Uniform Civil Code for the betterment of the country. The main reasons or views why a multi-lingual country like India need Uniform Civil Code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-reasons-for-uniform-civil-code\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Reasons_For_Uniform_Civil_Code\"><\/span>Key Reasons For Uniform Civil Code<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Focusses On Secularism:<\/strong> We find that in many areas of India, secular structure is seen while not in some part. A Uniform Civil Code, will help in having identical rules or laws for people belonging to different religions be it, Hindu, Christian, Muslim or Sikh. The implementation of Uniform Civil Code does not mean there would be discrimination on the basis of religion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Equal Treatment To All:<\/strong> Equal treatment implies equal status to all the people at large. A Muslim can marry multiple times, but if a Hindu, Christian or Sikh undergoes multiple marriages, they will be prosecuted for the same. It doesn\u2019t seem that there is equality at all. If all the laws related to marriage, divorce, maintenance are different, then it would be an issue that which laws to follow. So, it is a must to have similar laws to have equal status to all.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gender Justice:<\/strong> India, being a patriarchal and a strongly prejudiced against women society, have not provided any rights or equal status to women, even though they are about fifty percent of the total population. The women are subjugated and treated badly. The implementation of Uniform Civil Code (UCC) will help in changing the perspective towards women.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modernized Country Needs UCC:<\/strong> It is a sign of modern nation. It is a sign that a country has moved away from caste and religious politics. A uniform civil code is of an absolute necessity for individuals belonging to different religions and denominations and it is imperative for the promotion of national unity and solidarity. Thus, divergent religious ideologies must merge and culminate in to common and unified principles and objectives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Source Of Integration:<\/strong> India, as divided by various different religions, castes and class, will be integrated towards each other only through the implementation of Uniform Civil Code (UCC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ucc-and-secularism\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uniform_Civil_Code_And_Secularism\"><\/span>Uniform Civil Code And Secularism<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A uniform civil code can never infringe the opportunity of individuals to follow their religion; all things considered, it implied that everybody will be dealt with similarly. This will be the genuine significance of secularism and a secular state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"democracy-and-vote-bank-politics\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Democracy_And_Vote_Bank_Politics\"><\/span>Democracy And Vote Bank Politics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We are a democratic country where people elect their representatives for the betterment of the country. We say that we are democratic, yet we fail to understand that what dirty politics these ministers are up to. They are into vote bank politics. By bringing UCC, this vote bank politics can be stopped or reduced to ashes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The so-called ministers take claims that they will focus on betterment of under-privileged people and take lots of money. But, if Uniform Civil Code, gets its way cleared then, this vote bank politics will be eradicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ucc-and-interpretation-of-secularism\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UCC_And_Interpretation_Of_Secularism\"><\/span>UCC And Interpretation Of Secularism<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The guideline of UCC basically includes the subject of secularism. Secularism is a rule which should be dissected at an incredible length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are different translations of secularism and it is on the special stepped area of every one of these understandings, the UCC is both celebrated and scrutinized. A few groups of our general public think about the UCC against common while some see it as the harbinger of shared concordance and secularism. Ultimately, the topic of human privileges of Indian ladies poses a potential threat out of sight of UCC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"judicial-review-uniform-civil-code\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_Review_on_Uniform_Civil_Code\"><\/span>Judicial Review on Uniform Civil Code<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Supreme Court in several cases referred to the mandate of Article 44 and the necessity for its implementation and indicated in some of them that a uniform civil code would promote national integration. In Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India[1] the Supreme Court sought to know the Government&#8217;s opinion and directed filing of an affidavit indicating the steps taken and efforts made by the Government towards securing a uniform civil code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"government-affidavit-response-mudgal\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Governments_Affidavit_in_Response_to_Sarla_Mudgal\"><\/span>Government\u2019s Affidavit in Response to Sarla Mudgal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As required by the Mudgal[2] judgment, the Government of India filed a counter-affidavit dated 30.8.1996 and a supplementary affidavit dated 5.12.1996 that the Government would take steps to make a uniform civil code only if the communities which desire such a code approach the Government and take the initiative themselves in the matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A copy of Dr. Ambedkar&#8217;s speech in the Constituent Assembly on 2.12.1948 re: Draft Article 13, that is, present Article 19, to support the view that Parliament&#8217;s sovereign power should not be exercised to provoke any section of a community and that the exercise of the power must reconcile itself to the sentiments of different communities. (CAD Vol. VII, 781-82) was also annexed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dr-ambedkar-constituent-assembly-view\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dr_BR_Ambedkars_Views_in_the_Constituent_Assembly\"><\/span>Dr. B.R. Ambedkar\u2019s Views in the Constituent Assembly<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Remarkably, in that speech Dr. Ambedkar had stated that the debate regarding saving of personal law and bringing about a uniform civil code was closed after Draft Article 35 i.e. present Article 44 was adopted on 23.11.1948.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Religion should be limited to where it truly belongs and should not cover the whole of life.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In social matters, excessive religious control would lead to stagnation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The liberty guaranteed by the Constitution enables reform of a social system full of inequities, inequalities, and discriminations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is impossible to conceive that personal law shall be excluded from the jurisdiction of the State.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"post-mudgal-judicial-developments\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_Developments_After_the_Mudgal_Case\"><\/span>Judicial Developments After the Mudgal Case<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is pertinent to trace the developments and the judicial response in this behalf after Mudgal case. In Lily Thomas[3] the Supreme Court dismissed a review petition against Mudgal clarifying that no directions were issued in Mudgal to bring in a uniform civil code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Court also took note of the Government&#8217;s statement that the Government did not intend to take any action on the basis of Mudgal judgment alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"john-vallamattom-article-44\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Observations_in_John_Vallamattom_v_Union_of_India\"><\/span>Observations in John Vallamattom v. Union of India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Thereafter in John Vallamattom v. Union of India[4] a three-Judge Bench regretted that Article 44 was not given effect to and observed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Article 25 guarantees religious freedom, Article 44 divests religion from social relations and personal law; marriage, succession and like matters of a secular character cannot be brought within the guarantee enshrined in Articles 25 and 26. It is a matter of regret that Article 44 has not been given effect to. Parliament is still to step in for framing a common civil code in the country. A common civil code will help the cause of national integration by removing the contradictions based on ideologies.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"uniform-civil-code-juvenile-justice\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uniform_Civil_Code_and_Juvenile_Justice_Law\"><\/span>Uniform Civil Code and Juvenile Justice Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Much later, in Shabnam Hashmi v. Union of India[5] a three-Judge Bench while holding that any person can adopt a child under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 observed that personal laws cannot dictate the operation of provisions of an enabling statute like the Juvenile Justice Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a secular law and a small step in reaching the goal of uniform civil code under Article 44 of the Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"maintenance-and-guardianship-cases\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maintenance_and_Guardianship_Later_Supreme_Court_Views\"><\/span>Maintenance and Guardianship: Later Supreme Court Views<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Case<\/th><th>Year<\/th><th>Key Observation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Shamina Farooqui v. Shahid Khan[6]<\/td><td>2015<\/td><td>Section 125 CrPC and the right to maintenance applies to all irrespective of personal law.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ABC v. State (NCT of Delhi)[7]<\/td><td>2015<\/td><td>An unwed mother can apply for her child&#8217;s guardianship without notice to the putative father.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Even more recently in July 2015 in ABC v. State (NCT of Delhi)[7] while ruling that an unwed mother can apply for her child&#8217;s guardianship without notice to the putative father, the Court remarked:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cIt would be apposite for us to underscore that our directive principles envision the existence of a Uniform Civil Code, but this remains an unaddressed constitutional expectation.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ucc-in-india\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UCC_In_India\"><\/span>UCC In India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It Is Popular Belief That The Muslims Alone Have A Personal Law And That This Personal Law Is The Stumbling Block In Implementing The Directive Of Article 44 Of Indian Constitution. Muslims Are Liable That Due To Their Personal Law The Directive Of Article 44 Is Not Being Realized As Do Not Want To Forgo Their Personal Law In Favor Of A Uniform Civil Code. This Is A Fallacious Notion: There Are Varieties Of Personal Laws Which Are Applicable To Different Communities Both Muslims And Non-Muslims In India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"varieties-of-personal-laws\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Varieties_Of_Personal_Laws_In_India\"><\/span>Varieties Of Personal Laws In India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>They Are As Follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-roman\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hindu Personal Laws Largely Codified But Partly The Codified (Also Applicable Mutatis Mutandis, To Buddhists, Jains And Sikhs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Customary Law Of Hindus, Buddhists, Jains And Sikhs Whenever Protected By Legislation Or Case Law;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tribal Law Of Hindus And Others;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Christian Personal Law \u2013 Reformed And Codified;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parsi Personal Law \u2013 Reformed And Codified;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jewish Personal Law \u2013 Wholly Unreformed And Uncodified And;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muslim Personal Law \u2013 Partly Reformed And Uncodified.[8]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"question-of-unified-code\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question_Of_One_Unified_Code\"><\/span>Question Of One Unified Code<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Another Issue Which Has Been Forcefully Advocated By Justice Kuldeep Singh In Sarla Mudgal V. Union Of India Was \u201cHave The Hindus, Buddhists, Jains And Sikhs (Constituting More Than The 80% Of The Citizen In India) Been Brought Under \u201cOne Unified Code\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Answer To This Question Is Not In Affirmation. The Fact Is That The Hindus, Buddhists, Jains And Sikhs Are Yet To Be Governed By A Uniform Law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"limitations-of-hindu-law-enactments\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limitations_Of_Hindu_Law_Enactments_1955%E2%80%931956\"><\/span>Limitations Of Hindu Law Enactments (1955\u20131956)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Four Hindu Law Enactments Of 1955\u20131956 Do Not Cover The Entire Ambit Of Hindus Personal Law. Certain Important Aspects Of Hindu Law Are Still Qualified I.e., The Law Relating To Co-Parcenary, Joint Family And Partition Of Property. In These Matters The Classical Hindu Law Is Still Functional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hindu Law, Generally Speaking, Has Two School Mitakshara And Dayabhaga. Even Today Thousands Of Cases Relating To Properties Are Being Decided By The Court In Accordance With Principle Of The Above-Mentioned Schools I.e Mitakshara And Dayabhaga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"regional-variations-in-hindu-law\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regional_Variations_In_Hindu_Law\"><\/span>Regional Variations In Hindu Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Four Hindu Law Enactment Of 1955\u20131956 Have Uniform Application Throughout The Territory Of India. But, In Goa, Daman Diu, There Still Is In Force Old Hindus Usages Decrees Of 19th Century. In Pondicherry Most Of Hindus Have Opted To Be Governed By The French Civil Code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly, Jammu And Kashmir Has Its Own Hindu Law Enactment; State Of U.P. And Tamil Nadu Have Amendments To Hindu Code. Andhra Pradesh And Kerala Have Enacted Special Hindu Law Statutes Supplementing The Central Laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"customary-and-tribal-laws\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Customary_And_Tribal_Laws\"><\/span>Customary And Tribal Laws<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In South Indian States \u2013 Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala And Tamil Nadu, A Substantive Number Of Families Are Governed Not By The Hindu Code, But By A Variety Of Customary Laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Local Custom And Usage Prevailing In North \u2013 Eastern States Nagaland, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh And Sikkim Are Fully Protected Under Article 371A Of The Indian Constitution Or By Virtue Of Legislative Provision And Judicial Decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Various Tribes Are Free To Follow Their Own Customs Which Differ From Tribe To Tribe And Place To Place Under Section 2\u20133 Of The Four Hindu Enactments. The Entire Tribal Population Following The Hindu, Buddhist, Jain And Sikh Religion Is Fully Exempt From The Four Hindu Law Enactments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"matters-where-customs-prevail\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Matters_Where_Customs_And_Usages_Are_Permitted\"><\/span>Matters Where Customs And Usages Are Permitted<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Hindu Law Enactment Allows All The Hindus, Buddhists, Jains And Sikhs To Follow Their Respective Customs And Usages In The Following Matters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-roman\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prohibited Degrees In Marriage And Sapinda Relations (Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Sec. 5);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marriages \u2013 Rites And Ceremonies (Sec. 7);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Right To Obtain Divorce Without Proper Judicial Proceedings;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adoption Of Adult And Married Persons (Hindu Adoption And Maintenance Act, 1956, Sec. 10)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mitakshara Coparcenary Property (Hindu Succession Act, 1956, Sec. 6);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Joint Family Properties Governed By Marumakkattayam, Nambudri And Abyasandantana Custom;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Properties Held By Sthanamandans, And<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Specified Impartible Estates.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"wide-scope-of-customs\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wide_Scope_Of_Customs_And_Usages\"><\/span>Wide Scope Of Customs And Usages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All The Four Hindu Law Enactment Of 1955\u20131956 Clarify That \u201cCustoms And Usages\u201d For This Purpose Include Those Prevalent, \u201cIn Any Load Area Tribe Community, Group Or Family.\u2019 The Scope For Customary Practices Is, Thus, Extremely Wide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These May And Often Do, Differ \u2013 Among The Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs From Area To Area, Tribe To Tribe, Community To Community, Group To Group And Family To Family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Four Hindu Enactments Of 1955\u20131956 Surely Do Not Bring \u201cMore Than 80% Of Citizens\u201d Following The Hindus, Buddhists, Jains Or Sikhs Religions Under The Banner Of One Uniform Law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"minority-apprehensions-and-ucc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minority_Apprehensions_Regarding_Uniform_Civil_Code\"><\/span>Minority Apprehensions Regarding Uniform Civil Code<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Protagonist Of Uniform Civil Code Project The Issue In Such A Manner That The Minorities, Especially The Muslim, Feel That It Is They Who Will Have To Sacrifice Their Personal Law For The Sake Of Uniform Civil Code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This Apprehension Is Due To The Manner Of Campaign In Which It Is Alleged That The Only Defect Lies In The Personal Laws Of Muslims. The Other Religious Groups Including The Hindus Have Discriminating Laws And Laws Which Are Unequal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So The Campaign For A Uniform Civil Code Should Be Carried On In Such A Way That The Minorities Should Not Become Apprehensive. They Are Apprehensive That If A Uniform Civil Code Is Ever Enacted That Would Mean The Total Abrogation Of Their Religion Based Personal Laws And The Imposition Of The Hindus Laws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They Do Not Want To Give Up Their Personal Laws For The Sake Of Implementing The Mandate Of Article 44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"religious-freedom-and-personal-law\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Religious_Freedom_And_Personal_Law\"><\/span>Religious Freedom And Personal Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There Has Been Some Misconception And Apprehension Among Some Sections Of The Populace Regarding A Uniform Civil Code, That It Would Interfere With Their Religion And Infringe Their Religious Freedom. Their Honest Reservations To Such A Measure Are To Be Considered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In This Context It Is Fruitful To Refer To What Chief Justice M.H. Beg Said, \u201cQuestions Of Personal Law, Such As Marriage Or Succession, Are Not Matters Of Religion \u2026 It Would Be Against Reason To Urge That \u201cA Urge Of Succession\u201d Which Is Just For A Hindu Or A Sikh Family \u2026 Could Be Unjust In Another Family Simply Because They Profess A Different Religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ambedkar-constituent-assembly-views\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dr_BR_Ambedkars_Views_In_The_Constituent_Assembly\"><\/span>Dr. B.R. Ambedkar\u2019s Views In The Constituent Assembly<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While in a debate in the Constituent Assembly, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, while supporting the need to outline a Uniform Civil Code, communicated the expectation that its application may be absolutely intentional. He additionally stated:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cI personally do not understand why religion should be given this vast and expansive jurisdiction so as to cover the whole of life and to prevent the legislature from encroaching upon that field. After all, we are having this liberty in order to reform our social system, which is full of inequities, discriminations and other things which conflict with our fundamental rights.\u201d[9]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diversity-and-legal-uniformity\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diversity_And_The_Question_Of_Legal_Uniformity\"><\/span>Diversity And The Question Of Legal Uniformity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Broad social and cultural diversity is the reality of India and even cherished and accepted open handedly, but having absolute different laws for people of different religion is not desirable. Since, time immemorial any and every social evil that exist in this society, and excuse of culture and religion have always been used to give a definite clarification. Religion can\u2019t and ought not be permitted to choke out the dignity of citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"need-for-uniform-civil-code\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_For_Implementation_Of_Uniform_Civil_Code\"><\/span>Need For Implementation Of Uniform Civil Code<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thus, there is a need for implementation of Uniform Civil Code.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UCC in India, has consistently been with the idea of devesting laws from the wide range of influences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dissipated laws and lawful standards, customary cultural and social laws and religious addicts, gives a fixed acknowledgement to the rules and facilitates the enforceability of laws.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The rights and obligations which streams out of such laws and rules also get due recognition and traceability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ucc-present-status-and-future\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uniform_Civil_Code_Present_Status_And_Future_Outlook\"><\/span>Uniform Civil Code: Present Status And Future Outlook<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is a ray of light and hope with examples of paternity leave, criminalization of Triple Talaq and many more like this to count on. Yet the sun is hidden in clouds of gender biasedness, inequality etc. while Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is still a myth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the metamorphosis has just begun with the examples quoted above and Uniform Civil Code (UCC) will be uniform, in the right sense, if implemented and will not remain just a terminology defined under Article 44 of the Indian Constitution. <strong>End Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lily Thomas v. Union of India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>John Vallamattom v. Union of India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shabnam Hashmi v. Union of India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shamina Farooqui v. Shahid Khan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABC v. State (NCT of Delhi)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Article 371-A, added by the Constitution (13th Amendment) Act, 1962<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UCC \u2013 Page No. 8<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract The research paper throws light on the issue pertaining to the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) and deals with the legal perspective of its flexibility in India. Background And Context The implementation of Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is one of the most debatable topics of the contemporary times. Uniform Civil Code seeks to replace personal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":199,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[775,28],"class_list":{"0":"post-15304","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-constitutional-law","7":"tag-constitutional-law","8":"tag-top-news"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/199"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15304"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15304\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}