{"id":15608,"date":"2026-02-14T05:03:28","date_gmt":"2026-02-14T05:03:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=15608"},"modified":"2026-02-14T05:13:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T05:13:59","slug":"how-use-of-ieds-by-lwe-influenced-all-weather-roads-in-indias-lwe-affected-areas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/how-use-of-ieds-by-lwe-influenced-all-weather-roads-in-indias-lwe-affected-areas\/","title":{"rendered":"How Use of IEDs by LWE Influenced All-Weather Roads in India\u2019s LWE-Affected Areas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong> Background: LWE Insurgency and IED Tactics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) movement, primarily driven by Maoist insurgents (CPI-Maoist), remains a significant internal security challenge in India&#8217;s central and eastern &#8220;Red Corridor.&#8221; Originating from the 1967 Naxalbari uprising in West Bengal, it has persisted in forested, rural areas of states including Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Odisha, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, and others.<\/p>\n<p>IEDs serve as a key asymmetric weapon for LWE cadres. Buried along roads, paths, and fields, they target security forces, government patrols, and infrastructure projects with minimal direct engagement, inflicting high casualties while limiting insurgent exposure. Recent years have seen hundreds of IEDs recovered in regions like Bastar, with blasts causing casualties among security personnel and civilians. These hidden, unpredictable devices require specialized detection equipment, rendering roads and adjacent areas hazardous.<\/p>\n<p><strong> IEDs as a Direct Obstacle to Road Infrastructure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Physical Damage and Risk to Construction<\/strong> IED explosions damage unpaved (kutcha) roads, destroy machinery, and halt work. Preliminary surveys and construction in forests face constant threats, endangering workers and engineers. Insurgents have occasionally used tunnels under roads for IED placement, complicating security and planning.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Strategic Disruption of Connectivity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>LWE groups target roads to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Impede security force mobility into remote areas.<\/li>\n<li>Block economic integration of tribal\/rural communities with markets and services.<\/li>\n<li>Foster perceptions of government weakness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This isolation sustains insurgent influence. IED threats have deterred contractors, inflated costs, and delayed projects in high-risk zones like Gadchiroli, Bastar, and Malkangiri, often leading to sabotage or stalled machinery.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Government Response: RCPLWEA &amp; Infrastructure Policy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Recognizing that isolation fuels insurgent sympathy, the government has prioritized connectivity as both developmental and counter-insurgency strategy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Road Connectivity Project for LWE Affected Areas (RCPLWEA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Launched in 2016 as a PMGSY vertical, RCPLWEA targets all-weather connectivity (metalled roads, culverts, cross-drainage) in 44 worst-affected LWE districts and adjoining areas across nine states (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh). Objectives include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enabling seamless security force movement for anti-LWE operations.<\/li>\n<li>Promoting socio-economic development by linking habitations to markets, schools, health centres, and administrative services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Under RCPLWEA, approximately 12,162 km of roads and 705 bridges have been sanctioned. Combined with the Road Requirement Plan (RRP), over 15,000 km of roads have been constructed in LWE areas. Progress continues, with extensions and funding support.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Funding and Strategic Implementation<\/strong> Central funding has accelerated work; e.g., Rs. 195 crores sanctioned to Chhattisgarh for 2025\u201326 (Rs. 190.61 crore programme fund + Rs. 4.39 crore administrative). Parliamentary reviews note delays from terrain, forest clearances, and security risks, recommending greater coordination (e.g., Border Roads Organisation involvement).<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Strategic Impact of Metalled Road Construction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>a. Facilitating Security Operations<\/strong> All-weather roads mitigate IED threats by enabling planned and secured patrol movements, route sanitization, surveillance, quick response, and fortified camps. This disrupts insurgent logistics and movement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b. Development as a Counter-Insurgency Tool<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Roads support <em>winning hearts and minds<\/em> by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Improving access to services.<\/li>\n<li>Boosting economic participation and livelihoods.<\/li>\n<li>Enhancing governance and welfare delivery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This reduces marginalization that fuels extremism.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong> Socio-Economic Outcomes and Future Prospects<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>IED threats inadvertently accelerated infrastructure focus, transforming roads into a strategic imperative. Outcomes include better market\/healthcare access, education, government outreach, economic opportunities, and reduced IED emplacement on vulnerable kutcha roads.<\/p>\n<p>LWE violence has declined sharply, with incidents falling by approximately 89%~89% from 1,936 (2010) to 222\u2013234 (2025); deaths ~91% from 1,005 to 95\u2013100. Affected districts dropped from 126 (2018) to 8\u201311 (late 2025), with only 3 &#8220;most affected.&#8221; Record 2,337 surrenders, 364 neutralizations, and 1,022 arrests occurred in 2025. The government targets near-eradication by March 2026.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong> Drawbacks of Kutcha Roads in LWE-Affected Areas<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Kutcha roads limit load-bearing, succumb to monsoons, disrupt security logistics, and facilitate easy IED concealment due to poor visibility and surveillance. Unreliable access hampers services, economy, and integration, perpetuating isolation exploited by extremists.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><strong> Conclusion<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>At LWE&#8217;s peak in West Bengal (Purulia, Bankura, Jhargram), metalled road construction countered landmine\/IED threats against security forces. Similar efforts under RCPLWEA nationwide have enhanced mobility, safety, and development. By addressing structural drivers like isolation, infrastructure has proven vital to counter-insurgency, integrating remote regions and supporting long-term peace, growth, and inclusion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ministry of Home Affairs. (2026). <em>Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 58 (February 3, 2026) and related releases<\/em>. Government of India.<\/li>\n<li>Ministry of Rural Development &amp; Press Information Bureau. (2025\u20132026). <em>RCPLWEA sanctions and progress under Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)<\/em> (e.g., August 2025 Chhattisgarh release; December 2025 year-end review). Government of India.<\/li>\n<li>Ministry of Rural Development. (2025). <em>Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana: Progress reports<\/em>. Government of India.<\/li>\n<li>Parliamentary Standing Committee on Rural Development. (n.d.). <em>Reports on implementation of PMGSY and RCPLWEA<\/em>. Lok Sabha Secretariat.<\/li>\n<li>South Asia Terrorism Portal. (2025\u20132026). <em>Maoist insurgency and IED trends in India<\/em>. Institute for Conflict Management.<\/li>\n<li>National Crime Records Bureau. (2025). <em>Violence and related statistics<\/em>. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background: LWE Insurgency and IED Tactics The Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) movement, primarily driven by Maoist insurgents (CPI-Maoist), remains a significant internal security challenge in India&#8217;s central and eastern &#8220;Red Corridor.&#8221; Originating from the 1967 Naxalbari uprising in West Bengal, it has persisted in forested, rural areas of states including Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Odisha, Bihar, Andhra<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[4798,28],"class_list":["post-15608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-criminal-law","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Use of IEDs by LWE Influenced All-Weather Roads in India\u2019s LWE-Affected Areas - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How road construction under RCPLWEA reduces Maoist IED attacks and weakens Left-Wing Extremism in India\u2019s Red Corridor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/how-use-of-ieds-by-lwe-influenced-all-weather-roads-in-indias-lwe-affected-areas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Use of IEDs by LWE Influenced All-Weather Roads in India\u2019s LWE-Affected Areas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How road construction under RCPLWEA reduces Maoist IED attacks and weakens Left-Wing Extremism in India\u2019s Red Corridor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/how-use-of-ieds-by-lwe-influenced-all-weather-roads-in-indias-lwe-affected-areas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-14T05:03:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-14T05:13:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/IED-ROAD.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/author\\\/md-imranwahab\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How Use of IEDs by LWE Influenced All-Weather Roads in India\u2019s LWE-Affected Areas - Legal Service India - Articles","description":"How road construction under RCPLWEA reduces Maoist IED attacks and weakens Left-Wing Extremism in India\u2019s Red Corridor.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/how-use-of-ieds-by-lwe-influenced-all-weather-roads-in-indias-lwe-affected-areas\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How Use of IEDs by LWE Influenced All-Weather Roads in India\u2019s LWE-Affected Areas","og_description":"How road construction under RCPLWEA reduces Maoist IED attacks and weakens Left-Wing Extremism in India\u2019s Red Corridor.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/how-use-of-ieds-by-lwe-influenced-all-weather-roads-in-indias-lwe-affected-areas\/","og_site_name":"Legal Service India - Articles","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind","article_published_time":"2026-02-14T05:03:28+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-14T05:13:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1536,"height":1024,"url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/IED-ROAD.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Md. 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Imran Wahab","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","caption":"Md. Imran Wahab"},"description":"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/author\/md-imranwahab\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15608"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15608\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}