{"id":15691,"date":"2026-02-15T11:32:04","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T11:32:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=15691"},"modified":"2026-02-15T11:38:54","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T11:38:54","slug":"no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/","title":{"rendered":"No New Grounds Without Opportunity: Procedural Fairness Trademark Examination"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The case revolves around the trademark registration battle for the mark &#8216;TAJPURIYA&#8217; in Class 33 for alcoholic beverages, highlighting critical procedural safeguards in trademark examination and adjudication under the Trade Marks Act, 1999. The Delhi High Court&#8217;s decision in this appeal underscores the imperative that the Registrar of Trade Marks must confine refusals to objections explicitly raised in the Examination Report, thereby upholding principles of natural justice and preventing arbitrary shifts in grounds for refusal. This ruling reinforces that applicants deserve a full and fair opportunity to address all objections, and any deviation renders the order unsustainable, especially when the mark is asserted to be arbitrary and devoid of direct descriptive or geographical linkage to the goods.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Factual_Background\" >Factual Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Procedural_Background\" >Procedural Background<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Application_Filing\" >Application Filing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Examination_Report\" >Examination Report<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Appellant_Reply\" >Appellant Reply<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Hearing_And_Order\" >Hearing And Order<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#New_Ground_Of_Refusal\" >New Ground Of Refusal<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Reasoning_And_Decision_Of_Court\" >Reasoning And Decision Of Court<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Fundamental_Defects_Identified\" >Fundamental Defects Identified<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Point_Of_Law_Settled_In_The_Case\" >Point Of Law Settled In The Case<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/no-new-grounds-without-opportunity-procedural-fairness-trademark-examination\/#Case_Details\" >Case Details<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"factual-background\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factual_Background\"><\/span>Factual Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ADS Agro Industries Pvt. Ltd., a rapidly expanding liquor conglomerate in India&#8217;s alcohol beverage sector, is involved in manufacturing, marketing, trading, and selling liquor products. The company honestly and bona fide adopted the trademark &#8216;TAJPURIYA&#8217; for alcoholic beverages and preparations for making such beverages, claiming the mark to be arbitrary in relation to the goods and inherently distinctive, with no natural or direct connection to alcohol or the industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"procedural-background\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procedural_Background\"><\/span>Procedural Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"application-filing\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Application_Filing\"><\/span>Application Filing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Date: 08.06.2021<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Application Number: 4997781<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Class: 33<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Basis: Proposed To Be Used<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mark: &#8216;TAJPURIYA&#8217;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"examination-report\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examination_Report\"><\/span>Examination Report<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Date<\/th><th>Section Invoked<\/th><th>Ground Of Objection<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>24.06.2021<\/td><td>Section 9(1)(a) \u2014 Trade Marks Act, 1999<\/td><td>Mark constituted a geographical name and incapable of distinguishing goods\/services<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"appellant-reply\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Appellant_Reply\"><\/span>Appellant Reply<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Date: 26.06.2021<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asserted arbitrariness and inherent distinctiveness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Denied any geographical connection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Claimed entitlement to registration even if hypothetically geographical<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relied on precedent: Sahkar Seeds Corporation v. Dharti Seeds, 2017 SCC OnLine Guj 2577<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hearing-and-order\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hearing_And_Order\"><\/span>Hearing And Order<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Stage<\/th><th>Date<\/th><th>Details<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>Hearing Conducted<\/td><td>03.01.2024<\/td><td>Registrar heard the matter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Impugned Order<\/td><td>29.01.2024<\/td><td>Registration refused under Section 9 on new extraneous ground<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"new-ground-of-refusal\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"New_Ground_Of_Refusal\"><\/span>New Ground Of Refusal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Registrar refused registration on an entirely new and extraneous ground \u2014 that &#8216;Tajpuriya&#8217; refers to an indigenous tribe of Nepal (also residing in parts of India such as Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim, and Darjeeling), where alcohol forms an essential part of religious rituals, rendering the mark devoid of distinctive character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reasoning-and-decision-of-court\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reasoning_And_Decision_Of_Court\"><\/span>Reasoning And Decision Of Court<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Delhi High Court, presided over by Hon&#8217;ble Ms. Justice Jyoti Singh, found substantial merit in the Appellant&#8217;s challenge under Section 91 of the Act. The Court observed that the impugned order suffered from two fundamental defects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fundamental-defects-identified\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fundamental_Defects_Identified\"><\/span>Fundamental Defects Identified<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Defect No.<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>First<\/td><td>The refusal was predicated on a fresh ground (tribal name linked to ritualistic alcohol use) never raised in the Examination Report, thereby denying the Appellant any opportunity to contest or reply to it, which violated procedural requirements under the Act and breached principles of natural justice.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Second<\/td><td>The original geographical name objection from the Examination Report was neither reiterated nor addressed in the impugned order, and the Registrar failed to engage with the detailed submissions in the Appellant&#8217;s reply regarding the mark&#8217;s arbitrariness, inherent distinctiveness, and high degree of protection for arbitrary marks (even those with alleged geographical connotations).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Court noted that shifting to an extraneous ground without prior notice or consideration of the reply rendered the order wholly illegal and unsustainable. Consequently, the impugned order dated 29.01.2024 was set aside, and the matter was remanded to the Registrar for re-examination of the application from the hearing stage, mandating due consideration of the reply to the Examination Report, grant of a fresh hearing opportunity to the Appellant, and completion of the entire process within two months from the date of the judgment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"point-of-law-settled-in-the-case\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Point_Of_Law_Settled_In_The_Case\"><\/span>Point Of Law Settled In The Case<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The judgment firmly establishes that the Registrar of Trade Marks is bound to restrict refusal grounds to those explicitly articulated in the Examination Report issued under the Trade Marks Act, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Introducing new or extraneous grounds in the final order without affording the applicant prior notice and an opportunity to respond constitutes a serious procedural irregularity, infringing natural justice principles and statutory procedure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Furthermore, where specific objections are raised and a detailed reply is filed addressing distinctiveness, arbitrariness, or exceptions for arbitrary use, the Registrar is duty-bound to deal with and consider those submissions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Failure to do so, coupled with reliance on unheralded grounds, vitiates the refusal order.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This ruling strengthens applicant protections in opposition and refusal proceedings by mandating transparency, consistency, and fairness throughout the examination and hearing stages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-details\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Details\"><\/span>Case Details<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Case Title<\/th><td>ADS Agro Industries Pvt. Ltd. Vs. The Registrar of Trade Marks<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Date of Order<\/th><td>3rd February, 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Case Number<\/th><td>C.A.(COMM.IPD-TM) 33\/2024<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Neutral Citation<\/th><td>2026:DHC:1134<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Name of Court<\/th><td>High Court of Delhi<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Name of Hon&#8217;ble Judge<\/th><td>Hon&#8217;ble Ms. Justice Jyoti Singh<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction The case revolves around the trademark registration battle for the mark &#8216;TAJPURIYA&#8217; in Class 33 for alcoholic beverages, highlighting critical procedural safeguards in trademark examination and adjudication under the Trade Marks Act, 1999. The Delhi High Court&#8217;s decision in this appeal underscores the imperative that the Registrar of Trade Marks must confine refusals to<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[28],"class_list":{"0":"post-15691","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-intellectual-property","7":"tag-top-news"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15691"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15691\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}