{"id":16108,"date":"2026-02-23T04:35:58","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T04:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=16108"},"modified":"2026-02-23T04:41:29","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T04:41:29","slug":"international-law-and-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/","title":{"rendered":"International Law and AI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"technological-innovation-tool-or-global-problem\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Technological_Innovation_A_Tool_Or_Another_Global_Problem\"><\/span>Technological Innovation: A Tool Or Another Global Problem?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Is technological innovation a tool? Or another global problem? While the benefits of AI are fascinating to people, AI implementation involves risks that must be addressed with regulations and must be accompanied by equally swift progress in international law to effectively address concerns related to human rights and sustainable development.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#Technological_Innovation_A_Tool_Or_Another_Global_Problem\" >Technological Innovation: A Tool Or Another Global Problem?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#Traditional_Scope_Of_International_Law\" >Traditional Scope Of International Law<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#Public_International_Law\" >Public International Law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#Private_International_Law\" >Private International Law<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#AI_At_The_Global_Level\" >AI At The Global Level<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#International_Organizations_Addressing_AI_Risks\" >International Organizations Addressing AI Risks<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#UN_Approach_To_AI_Governance\" >UN Approach To AI Governance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#Key_Organizations_And_Initiatives\" >Key Organizations And Initiatives<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#Governing_AI_For_Humanity_Report_2024\" >Governing AI For Humanity Report (2024)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#Public_Perception_Of_AI_Global_Survey_Findings\" >Public Perception Of AI: Global Survey Findings<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/international-law-and-ai\/#Challenges_In_Binding_International_Conventions\" >Challenges In Binding International Conventions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"traditional-scope-of-international-law\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Traditional_Scope_Of_International_Law\"><\/span>Traditional Scope Of International Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"public-international-law\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Public_International_Law\"><\/span>Public International Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Traditionally, public international law has focused mainly\u2014though not exclusively\u2014on the obligations of states, the interactions between international organizations, and the recognition of individuals as holders of rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"private-international-law\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Private_International_Law\"><\/span>Private International Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In contrast, private international law has generally dealt with market-related matters, including contractual transactions, jurisdictional questions, and commercial rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Until recently, the development, commercialization, and use of algorithmic systems largely fell within this latter domain, being governed by private law principles and legal frameworks such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tort Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Copyright Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contract Law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ai-at-the-global-level\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AI_At_The_Global_Level\"><\/span>AI At The Global Level<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>AI gained attention at Global level primarily through the rapid, disruptive integration of artificial intelligence into education, culture, and science, raising critical ethical, human rights, and equity concerns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a UN agency focused on education and human development, UNESCO felt compelled to step in to ensure AI technologies, such as generative AI, are developed and deployed in a &#8220;human-centered&#8221; manner, rather than exacerbating existing digital divides and inequalities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"international-organizations-addressing-ai-risks\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Organizations_Addressing_AI_Risks\"><\/span>International Organizations Addressing AI Risks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Several international organizations and intergovernmental bodies have addressed the risk of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by developing governance policies and safety standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"un-approach-to-ai-governance\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UN_Approach_To_AI_Governance\"><\/span>UN Approach To AI Governance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>UN approach to AI governance is focused on Human Rights, Safety and Security. UN Secretary-General points out cautions in terms of peace and security in order to promote the development and protect all Human Rights, Democracy at risk and Undermining Science and Public Institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-organizations-and-initiatives\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Organizations_And_Initiatives\"><\/span>Key Organizations And Initiatives<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Organization \/ Initiative<\/th><th>Key Contribution<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)<\/td><td>Adopted the first-ever global standard, the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, in November 2021, focusing on human rights, fairness, and transparency.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ITU (International Telecommunication Union)<\/td><td>Co-leads the UN Inter-agency Working Group on AI and hosts &#8220;AI for Good,&#8221; a platform for promoting safe, trusted, and inclusive AI development.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNICRI (United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute)<\/td><td>Focuses on the malicious use of AI for terrorism, cybercrime, and threats to security.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNICEF<\/td><td>Launched the Generation AI initiative to ensure AI systems respect children&#8217;s rights.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNHCR<\/td><td>Uses AI for humanitarian response but focuses on ethical data use and risk mitigation.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OECD AI Principles<\/td><td>Adopted in 2019, these are the first intergovernmental standards for AI, promoting trustworthy, innovative AI that respects human rights.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM)<\/td><td>A framework that documents AI incidents and hazards to provide evidence-based risk assessment for policymakers.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AI Governance Tools (OECD)<\/td><td>The OECD provides a Catalogue of Tools and Metrics to help operationalize responsible AI, including risk management frameworks.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hiroshima AI Process<\/td><td>The G7 developed guiding principles and a code of conduct to address the risks of advanced AI systems, including generative AI, and to promote safety, transparency, and accountability globally.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"governing-ai-for-humanity-report-2024\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Governing_AI_For_Humanity_Report_2024\"><\/span>Governing AI For Humanity Report (2024)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The United Nations Secretary-General\u2019s High-Level Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence released its final report Governing AI for Humanity on September 19, 2024, the report includes A global approach to governing AI begins with a shared understanding of its capabilities, opportunities, risks, and uncertainties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a need for timely, impartial, and reliable scientific knowledge about AI so that Member States can develop a common foundational understanding worldwide. This will also help reduce information asymmetries between companies that operate costly AI laboratories and the rest of the world, including through greater information sharing between AI companies and the broader AI community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"public-perception-of-ai-global-survey\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Public_Perception_Of_AI_Global_Survey_Findings\"><\/span>Public Perception Of AI: Global Survey Findings<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A survey by Ipsos for the World Economic Forum has found that 60% of adults around the world expect that products and services using AI will profoundly change their daily life in the next 3-5 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>60% agree AI will make their life easier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Just half say AI has more benefits than drawbacks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Only 50% say they trust companies that use AI as much as they trust other companies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s not the only difference between high-income and emerging economies uncovered by the survey. Ipsos reports that citizens from emerging countries are significantly more likely than those from higher-income countries to report being knowledgeable about AI, to trust companies using AI and to have a positive outlook on the impact of AI-powered products and services in their lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"challenges-in-binding-international-conventions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_In_Binding_International_Conventions\"><\/span>Challenges In Binding International Conventions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A key challenge in developing fully binding international conventions is that leading AI-developing countries are often reluctant to support frameworks that could slow innovation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, their domestic policies on AI continue to evolve and remain complex, meaning that progress toward comprehensive international regulation is likely to occur gradually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result, AI governance in the near future will largely remain under national or local authorities, which can be strengthened by aligning their approaches with international guidelines.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Technological Innovation: A Tool Or Another Global Problem? Is technological innovation a tool? Or another global problem? While the benefits of AI are fascinating to people, AI implementation involves risks that must be addressed with regulations and must be accompanied by equally swift progress in international law to effectively address concerns related to human rights<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1202,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[355,28],"class_list":{"0":"post-16108","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-international-law","7":"tag-international-law","8":"tag-top-news"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1202"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16108"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16108\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}