{"id":28778,"date":"2026-07-31T07:36:12","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T07:36:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=28778"},"modified":"2026-07-31T07:46:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T07:46:58","slug":"appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Appeal vs Review vs Revision Under CPC: Complete Guide with Supreme Court Judgements (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 id=\"h-a-comparative-jurisprudential-analysis-of-appeal-review-and-revision-under-the-code-of-civil-procedure-1908\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Comparative_Jurisprudential_Analysis_of_Appeal_Review_and_Revision_under_the_Code_of_Civil_Procedure_1908\"><\/span>A Comparative Jurisprudential Analysis of Appeal, Review, and Revision under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-i-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"I_Introduction\"><\/span>I. Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In civil litigation under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (\u201cCPC\u201d), an adverse judicial determination is rarely the absolute end of legal recourse. The mechanism through which a decree or order is challenged, however, dictates its procedural feasibility, the scope of judicial scrutiny available, and the ultimate outcome.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#A_Comparative_Jurisprudential_Analysis_of_Appeal_Review_and_Revision_under_the_Code_of_Civil_Procedure_1908\" >A Comparative Jurisprudential Analysis of Appeal, Review, and Revision under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#I_Introduction\" >I. Introduction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Three_Statutory_Remedies_Under_the_CPC\" >Three Statutory Remedies Under the CPC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Quick_Comparison_of_Appeal_Review_and_Revision\" >Quick Comparison of Appeal, Review, and Revision<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Importance_of_Understanding_the_Distinction\" >Importance of Understanding the Distinction<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#II_Statutory_Framework_and_Judicial_Precedents\" >II. Statutory Framework and Judicial Precedents<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#1_Appeal_Continuation_of_the_Suit_as_a_Vested_Statutory_Right\" >1. Appeal: Continuation of the Suit as a Vested Statutory Right<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Statutory_Provisions_Governing_Appeals\" >Statutory Provisions Governing Appeals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Forum_and_Scope_of_First_Appeal\" >Forum and Scope of First Appeal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Vested_Right_of_Appeal\" >Vested Right of Appeal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Revisional_Jurisdiction_and_Doctrine_of_Merger\" >Revisional Jurisdiction and Doctrine of Merger<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#2_Review_Re-Consideration_by_the_Original_Forum\" >2. Review: Re-Consideration by the Original Forum<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Statutory_Provision\" >Statutory Provision<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Grounds_for_Maintainability\" >Grounds for Maintainability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Error_Apparent_on_the_Face_of_the_Record\" >Error Apparent on the Face of the Record<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Meaning_of_%E2%80%9CAny_Other_Sufficient_Reason%E2%80%9D\" >Meaning of &#8220;Any Other Sufficient Reason&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Latest_Supreme_Court_Ruling_on_Review_Jurisdiction\" >Latest Supreme Court Ruling on Review Jurisdiction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Key_Takeaway_from_Malleeswari_Case\" >Key Takeaway from Malleeswari Case<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#3_Revision_Supervisory_Jurisdiction_Over_Jurisdictional_Excess\" >3. Revision: Supervisory Jurisdiction Over Jurisdictional Excess<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Grounds_for_Intervention_Under_Section_115_CPC\" >Grounds for Intervention Under Section 115 CPC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#1999_Proviso_Limitation_on_Revision_Against_Interlocutory_Orders\" >1999 Proviso: Limitation on Revision Against Interlocutory Orders<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Major_SS_Khanna_Case_Scope_of_Section_115_CPC\" >Major S.S. Khanna Case: Scope of Section 115 CPC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Shiv_Shakti_Case_Effect_of_the_1999_Amendment\" >Shiv Shakti Case: Effect of the 1999 Amendment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Hindustan_Petroleum_Case_Limits_of_Revisional_Jurisdiction\" >Hindustan Petroleum Case: Limits of Revisional Jurisdiction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Key_Takeaways\" >Key Takeaways<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#III_Comparative_Jurisprudential_Matrix\" >III. Comparative Jurisprudential Matrix<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#IV_Interplay_and_Procedural_Rules\" >IV. Interplay and Procedural Rules<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#1_Review_vis-a-vis_Appeal\" >1. Review vis-\u00e0-vis Appeal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#2_Revision_vis-a-vis_Appeal\" >2. Revision vis-\u00e0-vis Appeal<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#3_Revision_vis-a-vis_Writ_Jurisdiction_Under_Articles_226_and_227\" >3. Revision vis-\u00e0-vis Writ Jurisdiction Under Articles 226 and 227<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Key_Procedural_Principles_at_a_Glance\" >Key Procedural Principles at a Glance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Citations_Table\" >Citations Table<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Practitioners_Checklist\" >Practitioner&#8217;s Checklist<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#Important_Links\" >Important Links<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lawyers, judiciary aspirants, and legal scholars frequently encounter three distinct statutory mechanisms intended to remedy judicial error: appeal, review, and revision. While colloquially conflated as methods of \u201cappealing\u201d an adverse order, they rest on fundamentally non-overlapping jurisdictional foundations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-three-statutory-remedies-under-the-cpc\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Three_Statutory_Remedies_Under_the_CPC\"><\/span>Three Statutory Remedies Under the CPC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Appeal:<\/strong> a continuation of the original suit proceedings before a superior forum, examining correctness on both facts and law.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Review:<\/strong> an application to the same judicial forum requesting reconsideration of its own decision, on narrow, statutorily prescribed grounds.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Revision:<\/strong> the exercise of supervisory jurisdiction by a High Court to correct jurisdictional illegalities or material procedural irregularities committed by subordinate courts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-quick-comparison-of-appeal-review-and-revision\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quick_Comparison_of_Appeal_Review_and_Revision\"><\/span>Quick Comparison of Appeal, Review, and Revision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Remedy<\/th><th>Forum<\/th><th>Primary Purpose<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Appeal<\/td><td>Superior Court<\/td><td>Re-examination of facts and law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>Same Court<\/td><td>Correction of limited statutory errors in its own judgement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>High Court<\/td><td>Correction of jurisdictional errors and material procedural irregularities<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-importance-of-understanding-the-distinction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_Understanding_the_Distinction\"><\/span>Importance of Understanding the Distinction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Misapprehending these distinctions risks threshold dismissals on maintainability, procedural delay, and the forfeiture of substantive statutory remedies through limitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ii-statutory-framework-and-judicial-precedents\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"II_Statutory_Framework_and_Judicial_Precedents\"><\/span>II. Statutory Framework and Judicial Precedents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-1-appeal-continuation-of-the-suit-as-a-vested-statutory-right\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Appeal_Continuation_of_the_Suit_as_a_Vested_Statutory_Right\"><\/span>1. Appeal: Continuation of the Suit as a Vested Statutory Right<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An appeal is a creature of statute. Unlike inherent common-law remedies, no right of appeal exists unless expressly conferred by the legislature (the maxim <em>ubi jus ibi remedium<\/em> does not automatically extend to an appellate forum).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-statutory-provisions-governing-appeals\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Statutory_Provisions_Governing_Appeals\"><\/span>Statutory Provisions Governing Appeals<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Provision<\/th><th>Purpose<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Section 96 CPC<\/td><td>First Appeal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Section 100 CPC<\/td><td>Second appeal on a substantial question of law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Section 104 read with Order XLIII CPC<\/td><td>Appeals from Orders<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Order XLI CPC.<\/td><td>Procedure relating to appeals<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-forum-and-scope-of-first-appeal\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forum_and_Scope_of_First_Appeal\"><\/span>Forum and Scope of First Appeal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Forum:<\/strong> the superior appellate court \u2014 the District Court or the High Court.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Scope of scrutiny:<\/strong> a rehearing of the case, with full power to re-appreciate evidence, re-examine findings of fact, and re-adjudicate questions of law in a first appeal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A right of appeal is not a mere matter of procedure but is a substantive right, and this substantive right of appeal accrues to a litigant from the very date the lis commences. \u2014 <em>Garikapati Veeraya v. N. Subbiah Choudhury<\/em>, 1957 INSC 8; AIR 1957 SC 540<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-vested-right-of-appeal\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vested_Right_of_Appeal\"><\/span>Vested Right of Appeal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Constitution Bench held that this vested right, once accrued on the institution of a suit, governs all successive appeals from court to court as a single continuing proceeding and cannot be taken away by subsequent legislation except by express words or necessary intendment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-revisional-jurisdiction-and-doctrine-of-merger\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Revisional_Jurisdiction_and_Doctrine_of_Merger\"><\/span>Revisional Jurisdiction and Doctrine of Merger<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The companion authority on this branch is <em>Shankar Ramchandra Abhyankar v. Krishnaji Dattatreya Bapat<\/em>, AIR 1970 SC 1; (1969) 2 SCC 74. There the Supreme Court held that revisional jurisdiction under Section 115 CPC is, in substance, part of the High Court&#8217;s general appellate jurisdiction exercised in a wider sense \u2014 so that an order of a subordinate court merges into the High Court&#8217;s order even when the latter is passed in revision, provided three conditions are met:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The jurisdiction exercised was appellate or revisional in character.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was exercised after notice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judgement was pronounced after a full hearing of both sides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This has direct consequences for the doctrine of merger and for computing limitation where a revision, rather than an appeal, has intervened.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-2-review-re-consideration-by-the-original-forum\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Review_Re-Consideration_by_the_Original_Forum\"><\/span>2. Review: Re-Consideration by the Original Forum<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Review is an exception to the doctrine of <em>functus officio<\/em> \u2014 that a court cannot alter its judgement once signed and pronounced. It allows the court of first instance to correct its own error strictly within the four corners of Order XLVII Rule 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-statutory-provision\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Statutory_Provision\"><\/span>Statutory Provision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Particular<\/th><th>Details<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Statutory Provision<\/td><td>Section 114 read with Order XLVII Rule 1 CPC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forum<\/td><td>The same judge or court that passed the decree or order<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-grounds-for-maintainability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grounds_for_Maintainability\"><\/span>Grounds for Maintainability<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grounds for maintainability:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>(i)<\/strong> discovery of new and important matter or evidence which, after the exercise of due diligence, was not within the applicant&#8217;s knowledge or could not be produced at the time of the decree;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>(ii)<\/strong> mistake or error apparent on the face of the record; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>(iii)<\/strong> any other sufficient reason, construed <em>ejusdem generis<\/em> with the preceding grounds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-error-apparent-on-the-face-of-the-record\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Error_Apparent_on_the_Face_of_the_Record\"><\/span>Error Apparent on the Face of the Record<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The foundational test for the second ground traces to <strong>Thungabhadra Industries Ltd. v. Government of Andhra Pradesh<\/strong>, AIR 1964 SC 1372; 1964(5) SCR 174, where the Supreme Court drew the now-classical distinction between a mere erroneous decision \u2014 correctable only in appeal \u2014 and an error apparent on the face of the record, correctable in review alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This distinction was carried forward in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An error which is not self-evident and has to be detected by a process of reasoning can hardly be said to be an error apparent on the face of the record. A review petition has a limited purpose and cannot be allowed to be an appeal in disguise. \u2014 <strong>Parsion Devi v. Sumitri Devi<\/strong>, (1997) 8 SCC 715<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-meaning-of-any-other-sufficient-reason\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meaning_of_%E2%80%9CAny_Other_Sufficient_Reason%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Meaning of &#8220;Any Other Sufficient Reason&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The contours of &#8220;any other sufficient reason&#8221; were later collated in <strong>Kamlesh Verma v. Mayawati<\/strong>, (2013) 8 SCC 320; AIR 2013 SC 3301, which held that review is impermissible merely because a party seeks a rehearing of old arguments, or because two views are possible on a question of law or fact, and that the phrase must be read as a reason sufficient on grounds at least analogous to the other two grounds in Order XLVII Rule 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A related, older authority worth noting for completeness is <strong>Board of Control for Cricket in India v. Netaji Cricket Club<\/strong>, (2005) 4 SCC 741, which affirms that the power of review is not an inherent power \u2014 it must be conferred by law, either specifically or by necessary implication \u2014 while also recognising that a court may correct an order passed under a genuinely erroneous factual assumption where its perpetuation would occasion a miscarriage of justice; this operates as the outer, exceptional edge of &#8220;sufficient reason&#8221; rather than a licence for general reconsideration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-latest-supreme-court-ruling-on-review-jurisdiction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Latest_Supreme_Court_Ruling_on_Review_Jurisdiction\"><\/span>Latest Supreme Court Ruling on Review Jurisdiction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most recently, on 8 September 2025, a two-judge bench applied these principles to set aside a High Court order that had allowed review of a partition decree:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The impugned order has not adverted to an error apparent on the face of the record but has taken up an error on re-appreciation of the case and counter-case of the parties. It is not permissible for an erroneous decision to be reheard and corrected in exercise of review jurisdiction; courts should not mix up appellate and review jurisdiction. \u2014 <strong>Malleeswari v. K. Suguna<\/strong>, 2025 INSC 1080<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-key-takeaway-from-malleeswari-case\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Takeaway_from_Malleeswari_Case\"><\/span>Key Takeaway from Malleeswari Case<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malleeswari is a timely reaffirmation, on facts closely analogous to those practitioners encounter in partition and succession litigation, that a review bench which re-weighs the competing case and counter-case of the parties \u2014 rather than pointing to a self-evident, unarguable error \u2014 has exceeded its jurisdiction, however sympathetic the underlying equities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-3-revision-supervisory-jurisdiction-over-jurisdictional-excess\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Revision_Supervisory_Jurisdiction_Over_Jurisdictional_Excess\"><\/span>3. Revision: Supervisory Jurisdiction Over Jurisdictional Excess<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Revision under Section 115 CPC exists to keep subordinate courts within the boundaries of their prescribed jurisdiction. It is a discretionary, supervisory power exercisable solely by the High Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-grounds-for-intervention-under-section-115-cpc\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grounds_for_Intervention_Under_Section_115_CPC\"><\/span>Grounds for Intervention Under Section 115 CPC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grounds for intervention under Section 115(1): the subordinate court has<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>(a)<\/strong> exercised a jurisdiction not vested in it by law;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>(b)<\/strong> failed to exercise a jurisdiction so vested; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>(c)<\/strong> acted in the exercise of its jurisdiction illegally or with material irregularity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Ground<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Exercise of jurisdiction not vested by law<\/td><td>The subordinate court assumes authority that the law does not confer.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Failure to exercise jurisdiction<\/td><td>The subordinate court refuses or omits to exercise jurisdiction that the law requires it to exercise.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Illegal exercise or material irregularity<\/td><td>The court exercises jurisdiction in a legally improper manner or commits a material procedural irregularity.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-1999-proviso-limitation-on-revision-against-interlocutory-orders\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1999_Proviso_Limitation_on_Revision_Against_Interlocutory_Orders\"><\/span>1999 Proviso: Limitation on Revision Against Interlocutory Orders<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 1999 proviso further bars a revision against an interlocutory order unless that order, if decided in favour of the revision applicant, would have finally disposed of the suit or proceeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-major-s-s-khanna-case-scope-of-section-115-cpc\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_SS_Khanna_Case_Scope_of_Section_115_CPC\"><\/span>Major S.S. Khanna Case: Scope of Section 115 CPC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The classical statement on the reach of Section 115 remains <strong>Major S.S. Khanna v. Brig. F.J. Dhillon, AIR 1964 SC 497; 1964 SCR(4) 409<\/strong>, holding that the section applies to jurisdiction alone \u2014 the entitlement to decide a case \u2014 and not to an incorrect decision on facts or law where jurisdiction was lawfully exercised, though the expression \u201ccase\u201d was read broadly enough to include a part of a suit finally decided on a preliminary issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-shiv-shakti-case-effect-of-the-1999-amendment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shiv_Shakti_Case_Effect_of_the_1999_Amendment\"><\/span>Shiv Shakti Case: Effect of the 1999 Amendment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The effect of the 1999 amendment was settled in <strong>Shiv Shakti Coop. Housing Society v. Swaraj Developers, (2003) 6 SCC 659<\/strong>, which held that an interim order not finally determining the <em>lis<\/em> between the parties is no longer revisable under Section 115: the touchstone is whether an order in favour of the revision applicant would itself have brought finality to the proceeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A plain reading of Section 115 as it stands makes it clear that the stress is on the question whether the order in favour of the party applying for revision would have given finality to the suit or other proceeding. If the answer is yes, the revision is maintainable; if no, it is not. \u2014 <strong>Shiv Shakti Coop. Housing Society v. Swaraj Developers, (2003) 6 SCC 659<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-hindustan-petroleum-case-limits-of-revisional-jurisdiction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hindustan_Petroleum_Case_Limits_of_Revisional_Jurisdiction\"><\/span>Hindustan Petroleum Case: Limits of Revisional Jurisdiction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the outer limit of the revisional power itself, a Constitution Bench in <strong>Hindustan Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. v. Dilbahar Singh, (2014) 9 SCC 78 (decided 27 August 2014)<\/strong>, held that a High Court exercising revisional jurisdiction cannot re-appreciate or re-assess evidence to arrive at a different finding of fact, and cannot convert the revision into a second appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A transparent caveat is warranted here: <strong>Dilbahar Singh<\/strong> arose under the \u201clegality and propriety\u201d formula found in state rent-control statutes rather than directly under Section 115 CPC, and the bench was reconciling conflicting three-judge decisions on that specific statutory language. Courts and commentators nonetheless treat its core holding\u2014that revisional power is not a vehicle for re-appreciation of evidence\u2014as squarely applicable to Section 115 CPC as well, and this article follows that settled practice while flagging the doctrinal distinction for precision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-key-takeaways\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Takeaways\"><\/span>Key Takeaways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Revision under Section 115 CPC is a supervisory jurisdiction exercised exclusively by the High Court.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is confined to jurisdictional errors and does not permit correction of every legal or factual mistake.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The 1999 amendment substantially restricts revisions against interlocutory orders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Major S.S. Khanna<\/strong> established that Section 115 concerns jurisdiction, not mere errors of law or fact.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shiv Shakti Coop. Housing Society<\/strong> clarified that revision is maintainable only where a favourable order would have finally disposed of the proceeding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hindustan Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. v. Dilbahar Singh<\/strong> reaffirmed that revisional jurisdiction cannot be used as a second appeal by re-appreciating evidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-iii-comparative-jurisprudential-matrix\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"III_Comparative_Jurisprudential_Matrix\"><\/span>III. Comparative Jurisprudential Matrix<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Dimension<\/th><th>Appeal (Ss. 96, 100, O. XLI)<\/th><th>Review (S. 114, O. XLVII)<\/th><th>Revision (S. 115)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Primary Purpose<\/strong><\/td><td>Challenge substantive correctness on law and facts.<\/td><td>Rectify a patent error or admit newly discovered evidence.<\/td><td>Correct jurisdictional error and legal perversity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Forum<\/strong><\/td><td>Superior appellate court<\/td><td>Same court\/bench<\/td><td>High Court exclusively<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Nature of Right<\/strong><\/td><td>Vested substantive statutory right (Garikapati)<\/td><td>Strictly confined to Order XLVII grounds (Kamlesh Verma)<\/td><td>Discretionary; not inherent (BCCI v. Netaji)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Scope of Inquiry<\/strong><\/td><td>Broad re-appreciation of evidence and law<\/td><td>Narrow: error apparent on the face of the record (Thungabhadra)<\/td><td>Supervisory; no re-appreciation of evidence (Hindustan Petroleum)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Maintainability<\/strong><\/td><td>As permitted by statute<\/td><td>Only if no appeal is preferred<\/td><td>Only where no appeal lies; barred for non-final orders (Shiv Shakti)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-iv-interplay-and-procedural-rules\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IV_Interplay_and_Procedural_Rules\"><\/span>IV. Interplay and Procedural Rules<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The procedural relationship between an appeal, review, and revision under the Code of Civil Procedure is governed by well-established statutory principles and judicial precedents. The following rules explain how these remedies interact with one another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-1-review-vis-a-vis-appeal\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Review_vis-a-vis_Appeal\"><\/span>1. Review vis-\u00e0-vis Appeal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Order XLVII Rule 1, a review application is maintainable only if no appeal has been preferred. If an appeal is already filed and entertained by a higher court, the lower court&#8217;s power to entertain a review is ousted. Conversely, if a review is filed before an appeal is lodged, the lower court may proceed with it; a review allowed supersedes the original decree and renders any subsequently filed appeal infructuous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-2-revision-vis-a-vis-appeal\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Revision_vis-a-vis_Appeal\"><\/span>2. Revision vis-\u00e0-vis Appeal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 115 CPC applies in terms only where \u201cno appeal lies\u201d to the order in question. Where an order is appealable \u2014 either as an appealable order under Order XLIII Rule 1 or as a decree under Section 96 \u2014 a revision under Section 115 is barred at the threshold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-3-revision-vis-a-vis-writ-jurisdiction-under-articles-226-and-227\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Revision_vis-a-vis_Writ_Jurisdiction_Under_Articles_226_and_227\"><\/span>3. Revision vis-\u00e0-vis Writ Jurisdiction Under Articles 226 and 227<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shankar Ramchandra Abhyankar, discussed above, also settles a recurring practical difficulty: once a revision under Section 115 has been heard and dismissed by the High Court, a fresh challenge to the same order under Articles 226 or 227 will ordinarily not lie, since the revisional order \u2014 being an exercise of the High Court&#8217;s appellate jurisdiction in the wider sense \u2014 has already merged the subordinate court&#8217;s order into itself. Practitioners drafting writ petitions against orders that have already survived a Section 115 revision should address this merger point squarely rather than treat Articles 226\/227 as an automatic fourth tier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalservicesindia.com\/special-leave-petition-supreme-court-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Filing a Special Leave Petition (SLP) in the Supreme Court \u2014 A Practical Client Guide<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-key-procedural-principles-at-a-glance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Procedural_Principles_at_a_Glance\"><\/span>Key Procedural Principles at a Glance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Review<\/strong> is maintainable only when no appeal has been preferred.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Appeal<\/strong> generally excludes the maintainability of a review once entertained by the appellate court.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Revision<\/strong> under Section 115 CPC is available only where no statutory appeal lies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Articles 226 and 227<\/strong> cannot ordinarily be invoked after dismissal of a Section 115 revision because of the doctrine of merger.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding the distinct roles of appeal, review, and <strong>revision<\/strong> is essential to effective civil litigation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Invoke an appeal<\/strong> to challenge the overall merits, factual appraisal, or legal conclusions of a judicial decision before a higher forum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Invoke Review<\/strong> where an obvious, unarguable mistake exists on the face of the record, or where crucial evidence has come to light that could not, despite due diligence, have been produced earlier \u2014 mindful, after <em>Malleeswari<\/em>, that re-appreciating the parties&#8217; rival cases is itself outside the jurisdiction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Invoke Revision<\/strong> where a subordinate court has acted outside its jurisdiction, failed to exercise lawful jurisdiction, or committed a material irregularity in an order that finally disposes of the proceeding \u2014 and confirm, before drafting, that no appeal already lies and that no prior Section 115 order has merged the impugned decision.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-citations-table\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Citations_Table\"><\/span>Citations Table<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Case<\/th><th>Neutral \/ Print Citation<\/th><th>Point of Law Relied Upon<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Garikapati Veeraya v. N. Subbiah Choudhury<\/strong><\/td><td>1957 INSC 8; AIR 1957 SC 540; 1957 SCR 488<\/td><td>The right of appeal is a vested substantive right accruing from the institution of suit.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Shankar Ramchandra Abhyankar v. Krishnaji Dattatreya Bapat<\/strong><\/td><td>AIR 1970 SC 1; (1969) 2 SCC 74; 1970(1) SCR 322<\/td><td>Revisional jurisdiction u\/s 115 CPC is part of the High Court&#8217;s appellate jurisdiction; the doctrine of merger applies on three stated conditions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Parsion Devi v. Sumitri Devi<\/strong><\/td><td>(1997) 8 SCC 715<\/td><td>Review is not an appeal in disguise; error must be self-evident, not reasoned out.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Kamlesh Verma v. Mayawati<\/strong><\/td><td>(2013) 8 SCC 320; AIR 2013 SC 3301<\/td><td>Summarised grounds on which review lies and does not lie under Order XLVII Rule 1.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Malleeswari v. K. Suguna<\/strong><\/td><td>2025 INSC 1080 (dt. 08-09-2025)<\/td><td>The High Court exceeded review jurisdiction by re-appreciating evidence instead of finding an error apparent on the face of the record.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Thungabhadra Industries Ltd. v. Government of A.P.<\/strong><\/td><td>AIR 1964 SC 1372; 1964(5) SCR 174<\/td><td>Foundational test distinguishing a mere erroneous decision from an error apparent on the face of the record.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Board of Control for Cricket in India v. Netaji Cricket Club<\/strong><\/td><td>(2005) 4 SCC 741<\/td><td>Power of review is not inherent; it must be conferred by law but bends to prevent miscarriage of justice on an erroneous assumption.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Major S.S. Khanna v. Brig. F.J. Dhillon<\/strong><\/td><td>AIR 1964 SC 497; 1964 SCR(4) 409<\/td><td>Section 115 CPC is confined to jurisdictional error, not correctness of decisions where jurisdiction is lawfully exercised.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Shiv Shakti Coop. Housing Society v. Swaraj Developers<\/strong><\/td><td>(2003) 6 SCC 659<\/td><td>Post-1999 proviso: revision barred against orders not finally disposing of the suit or proceeding.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Hindustan Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. v. Dilbahar Singh<\/strong><\/td><td>(2014) 9 SCC 78 (Constitution Bench, dt. 27-08-2014)<\/td><td>Revisional power cannot be exercised as a second appellate power of re-appreciation of evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-practitioner-s-checklist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practitioners_Checklist\"><\/span>Practitioner&#8217;s Checklist<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before choosing between an appeal, review, or revision under the Code of Civil Procedure, keep the following practical points in mind:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify the true character of the order under challenge \u2014 decree, appeal-able order under Order XLIII, or a bare procedural order \u2014 before choosing the remedy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For a review, isolate the specific error and test it against <strong>Thungabhadra<\/strong> \/ <strong>Parsion Devi<\/strong>: can it be shown without a chain of reasoning? If not, appeal, not review, is the correct remedy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cite <strong>Kamlesh Verma<\/strong> and <strong>Malleeswari<\/strong> together where the opposite side is, in substance, asking the review court to re-weigh the case and counter-case.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For a revision, confirm at the outset that the impugned order, if reversed, would finally dispose of the suit or proceeding (<strong>Shiv Shakti<\/strong>); otherwise anticipate a maintainability objection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do not invite the revisional court to re-appreciate evidence; frame grounds strictly in terms of jurisdictional error or material irregularity (<strong>Major S.S. Khanna<\/strong>; <strong>Hindustan Petroleum<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Before filing a writ petition under Articles 226\/227 against an order already tested in a Section 115 revision, address the merger consequence flowing from <strong>Shankar Ramchandra Abhyankar<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Confirm no appeal has already been entertained by a higher forum before filing a review, and no review is pending before filing an appeal, to avoid the application being rendered infructuous.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/supreme-court-conversion-revision-appeal-writ-section-115-cpc\/\">Supreme Court on Conversion of Revision into Appeal or Writ: Landmark Ruling in Nawab Shaqafath Ali Khan v. Nawab Imdad Jah Bahadur<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/parameshwari-vs-state-of-tamil-nadu-2026-supreme-court-sentencing-judgment\/\">Parameshwari v. State of Tamil Nadu (2026): Supreme Court on Sentencing, Proportionality &amp; Deterrence<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/post-conviction-settlement-section-138-ni-act-kerala-high-court\/\">When Finality Becomes Fetish: A Dissenting Analysis of Kerala High Court&#8217;s Rejection of Post-Conviction Settlement under NI Act<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/west-bengal-electoral-rolls-supreme-court-case\/\">Mamata Banerjee challenges the Election Commission\u2019s Special Intensive Revision before the Supreme Court<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/electoral-rolls-under-scrutiny-the-supreme-court-special-intensive-revision-and-bihars-democratic-test\/\">Electoral Rolls Under Scrutiny: The Supreme Court, Special Intensive Revision, and Bihar\u2019s Democratic Test<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_Links\"><\/span>Important Links<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important Links:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/lawyers\/lawyers_home.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lawyers in India<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/copyright\/register.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Copyright Registration in India<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/articles\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Caveat Filing in Supreme Court of India<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/helpline\/mutual_consent_divorce.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mutual Consent Divorce in Delhi <\/a>NCR: WhatsApp 9650499965<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Comparative Jurisprudential Analysis of Appeal, Review, and Revision under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 I. Introduction In civil litigation under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (\u201cCPC\u201d), an adverse judicial determination is rarely the absolute end of legal recourse. The mechanism through which a decree or order is challenged, however, dictates its procedural<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":28868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[1008,28],"class_list":["post-28778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-civil-law","tag-civil-law","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Appeal vs Review vs Revision Under CPC: Complete Guide with Supreme Court Judgements (2026) - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Appeal vs Review vs Revision under CPC explained with Supreme Court judgments, key differences, maintainability and latest legal principles.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Appeal vs Review vs Revision Under CPC: Complete Guide with Supreme Court Judgements (2026)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Appeal vs Review vs Revision under CPC explained with Supreme Court judgments, key differences, maintainability and latest legal principles.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-31T07:36:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-31T07:46:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Inder Jain\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legalserviceind\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@legalserviceind\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Inder Jain\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Inder Jain\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad1e46eba703bd5bc7788cc8bb7cca20\"},\"headline\":\"Appeal vs Review vs Revision Under CPC: Complete Guide with Supreme Court Judgements (2026)\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-31T07:36:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-31T07:46:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2987,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"Civil Law\",\"Top News\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Civil Law\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/\",\"name\":\"Appeal vs Review vs Revision Under CPC: Complete Guide with Supreme Court Judgements (2026) - Legal Service India - Articles\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-31T07:36:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-31T07:46:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"Appeal vs Review vs Revision under CPC explained with Supreme Court judgments, key differences, maintainability and latest legal principles.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":1024,\"caption\":\"Appeal vs Review vs Revision under CPC\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Civil Law > Difference Between Appeal, Review and Revision Under CPC Explained with Latest Supreme Court Cases\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/\",\"name\":\"Legal Service India - Law Articles\",\"description\":\"Legal Service India - Law Article Directory is the oldest in India since 2000, with thousands of article written by lawyers, law Students and Scholars on all branches of law\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Legal Service India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logo-circle-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logo-circle-1.png\",\"width\":105,\"height\":95,\"caption\":\"Legal Service India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/legalservicesind\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legalserviceind\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@LegalServiceIndia-lsi\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ad1e46eba703bd5bc7788cc8bb7cca20\",\"name\":\"Inder Jain\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"\\\/\\\/www.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/13e802d35a283dba679d3529a0380965?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm\",\"url\":\"\\\/\\\/www.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/13e802d35a283dba679d3529a0380965?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm\",\"contentUrl\":\"\\\/\\\/www.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/13e802d35a283dba679d3529a0380965?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm\",\"caption\":\"Inder Jain\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/author\\\/inderjain\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Appeal vs Review vs Revision Under CPC: Complete Guide with Supreme Court Judgements (2026) - Legal Service India - Articles","description":"Appeal vs Review vs Revision under CPC explained with Supreme Court judgments, key differences, maintainability and latest legal principles.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Appeal vs Review vs Revision Under CPC: Complete Guide with Supreme Court Judgements (2026)","og_description":"Appeal vs Review vs Revision under CPC explained with Supreme Court judgments, key differences, maintainability and latest legal principles.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/","og_site_name":"Legal Service India - Articles","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind","article_published_time":"2026-07-31T07:36:12+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-07-31T07:46:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1536,"height":1024,"url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"Inder Jain","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@legalserviceind","twitter_site":"@legalserviceind","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Inder Jain","Est. reading time":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/"},"author":{"name":"Inder Jain","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#\/schema\/person\/ad1e46eba703bd5bc7788cc8bb7cca20"},"headline":"Appeal vs Review vs Revision Under CPC: Complete Guide with Supreme Court Judgements (2026)","datePublished":"2026-07-31T07:36:12+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-31T07:46:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/"},"wordCount":2987,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp","keywords":["Civil Law","Top News"],"articleSection":["Civil Law"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/","name":"Appeal vs Review vs Revision Under CPC: Complete Guide with Supreme Court Judgements (2026) - Legal Service India - Articles","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp","datePublished":"2026-07-31T07:36:12+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-31T07:46:58+00:00","description":"Appeal vs Review vs Revision under CPC explained with Supreme Court judgments, key differences, maintainability and latest legal principles.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp","width":1536,"height":1024,"caption":"Appeal vs Review vs Revision under CPC"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc-complete-guide-with-supreme-court-judgments-2026\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Civil Law > Difference Between Appeal, Review and Revision Under CPC Explained with Latest Supreme Court Cases"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/","name":"Legal Service India - Law Articles","description":"Legal Service India - Law Article Directory is the oldest in India since 2000, with thousands of article written by lawyers, law Students and Scholars on all branches of law","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#organization","name":"Legal Service India","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logo-circle-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logo-circle-1.png","width":105,"height":95,"caption":"Legal Service India"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind","https:\/\/x.com\/legalserviceind","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LegalServiceIndia-lsi"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#\/schema\/person\/ad1e46eba703bd5bc7788cc8bb7cca20","name":"Inder Jain","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/13e802d35a283dba679d3529a0380965?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm","url":"\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/13e802d35a283dba679d3529a0380965?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm","contentUrl":"\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/13e802d35a283dba679d3529a0380965?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm","caption":"Inder Jain"},"url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/author\/inderjain\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/appeal-vs-review-vs-revision-under-cpc.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/73"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28778"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28871,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28778\/revisions\/28871"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}