{"id":29403,"date":"2026-08-08T10:59:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-08T10:59:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=29403"},"modified":"2026-08-08T11:04:53","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T11:04:53","slug":"crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/","title":{"rendered":"Crimes Against Women: Legal Framework, Police Investigation, Victims&#8217; Rights, and Support Mechanisms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-1-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Introduction\"><\/span>1. Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Violence against women is not merely a social problem\u2014it is a grave violation of fundamental human rights, constitutional guarantees, and criminal law. Despite significant legal reforms, crimes against women remain among the most underreported offences worldwide. Fear of retaliation, social stigma, economic dependence, lack of legal awareness, and distrust of institutions often discourage survivors from approaching law enforcement.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#1_Introduction\" >1. Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#2_Legal_Framework_Protecting_Women\" >2. Legal Framework Protecting Women<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#3_International_Legal_Instruments\" >3. International Legal Instruments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#4_Constitutional_Protection\" >4. Constitutional Protection<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#5_Common_Crimes_Against_Women\" >5. Common Crimes Against Women<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#i_Domestic_Violence\" >i. Domestic Violence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#ii_Sexual_Offences\" >ii. Sexual Offences<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#iii_Dowry-Related_Offences\" >iii. Dowry-Related Offences<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#iv_Cyber_Crimes_Against_Women\" >iv. Cyber Crimes Against Women<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#v_Human_Trafficking\" >v. Human Trafficking<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#vi_Acid_Attacks\" >vi. Acid Attacks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#vii_Workplace_Sexual_Harassment\" >vii. Workplace Sexual Harassment<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#6_Reporting_the_Crime_at_a_Police_Station\" >6. Reporting the Crime at a Police Station<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#i_Immediate_Safety\" >i. Immediate Safety<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#ii_Registration_of_FIR\" >ii. Registration of FIR<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#7_Zero_FIR\" >7. Zero FIR<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#8_Statement_by_a_Woman_Police_Officer\" >8. Statement by a Woman Police Officer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#9_Medical_Examination\" >9. Medical Examination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#11_Collection_of_Evidence\" >11. Collection of Evidence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#12_If_Police_Refuse_to_Register_the_Complaint\" >12. If Police Refuse to Register the Complaint<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#13_Police_Responsibilities_During_Investigation\" >13. Police Responsibilities During Investigation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#14_Victim_Rights_After_Reporting\" >14. Victim Rights After Reporting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#15_Dealing_with_the_Aftermath\" >15. Dealing with the Aftermath<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#16_Role_of_Society\" >16. Role of Society<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#17_Common_Crimes_Against_Women_Reported_at_Police_Stations_and_Relevant_Legal_Provisions\" >17. Common Crimes Against Women Reported at Police Stations and Relevant Legal Provisions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#18_Protection_of_Identity_of_Victim_Accused_and_Witness\" >18. Protection of Identity of Victim, Accused and Witness<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#19_Conclusion\" >19. Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#Reporting_the_Crime_at_a_Police_Station\" >Reporting the Crime at a Police Station<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#6_Immediate_Safety\" >6. Immediate Safety<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#ii_Registration_of_FIR-2\" >ii. Registration of FIR<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#7_Zero_FIR-2\" >7. Zero FIR<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#8_Statement_by_a_Woman_Police_Officer-2\" >8. Statement by a Woman Police Officer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#9_Medical_Examination-2\" >9. Medical Examination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#11_Collection_of_Evidence-2\" >11. Collection of Evidence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#12_If_Police_Refuse_to_Register_the_Complaint-2\" >12. If Police Refuse to Register the Complaint<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#13_Police_Responsibilities_During_Investigation-2\" >13. Police Responsibilities During Investigation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#14_Victim_Rights_After_Reporting-2\" >14. Victim Rights After Reporting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#15_Dealing_with_the_Aftermath-2\" >15. Dealing with the Aftermath<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#16_Role_of_Society-2\" >16. Role of Society<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#17_Common_Crimes_Against_Women_Reported_at_Police_Stations_and_Relevant_Legal_Provisions-2\" >17. Common Crimes Against Women Reported at Police Stations and Relevant Legal Provisions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#18_Protection_of_Identity_of_Victim_Accused_and_Witness-2\" >18. Protection of Identity of Victim, Accused and Witness<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/#19_Conclusion-2\" >19. Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reporting an offence to the police is frequently the first formal step towards protection, justice, rehabilitation, and accountability. It creates an official record, enables criminal investigation, facilitates access to medical and forensic assistance, and allows victims to seek protection orders, compensation, counselling, and legal aid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article examines the principal crimes against women reported at police stations, the legal framework governing police response, victims&#8217; rights during investigation, and the support mechanisms available after reporting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-2-legal-framework-protecting-women\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Legal_Framework_Protecting_Women\"><\/span>2. Legal Framework Protecting Women<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The protection of women is firmly rooted in both international human rights law and domestic criminal justice systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-3-international-legal-instruments\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_International_Legal_Instruments\"><\/span>3. International Legal Instruments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The legal obligation of states to protect women is recognised under:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)<\/strong> \u2013 Articles 1, 3, 5, 7 and 8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), 1979<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (1993)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UN Sustainable Development Goal 5<\/strong> \u2013 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These instruments require states to exercise <strong>due diligence<\/strong> in preventing violence, investigating complaints, prosecuting offenders, and protecting survivors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-4-constitutional-protection\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Constitutional_Protection\"><\/span>4. Constitutional Protection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Constitution of India guarantees equality and dignity through:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Article 14<\/strong> \u2013 Equality before law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 15(3)<\/strong> \u2013 Permits special laws for women and children<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 21<\/strong> \u2013 Right to life, dignity and personal liberty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 39A<\/strong> \u2013 Equal access to justice and free legal aid<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 51A(e)<\/strong> \u2013 Fundamental duty to renounce practices derogatory to women&#8217;s dignity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court has consistently interpreted Article 21 to include the right to live with dignity, bodily integrity, privacy, and protection from violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-5-common-crimes-against-women\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Common_Crimes_Against_Women\"><\/span>5. Common Crimes Against Women<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Police stations routinely receive complaints involving offences under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) and other special statutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These commonly include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-i-domestic-violence\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i_Domestic_Violence\"><\/span>i. Domestic Violence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Domestic abuse extends beyond physical assault by the husband or his relatives and may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Physical violence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sexual abuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Emotional and psychological abuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verbal abuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Economic deprivation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Coercive control and intimidation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In India, victims may seek remedies under the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Relevant provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Civil reliefs include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Protection Orders<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Residence Orders<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monetary Relief<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Custody Orders<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compensation Orders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-ii-sexual-offences\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ii_Sexual_Offences\"><\/span>ii. Sexual Offences<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Police frequently investigate offences involving:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rape<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sexual assault<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Attempt to rape<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sexual harassment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assault with intent to outrage modesty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Voyeurism<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stalking<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These offences require prompt registration, immediate medical assistance, forensic examination, and victim-sensitive investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-iii-dowry-related-offences\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iii_Dowry-Related_Offences\"><\/span>iii. Dowry-Related Offences<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dowry harassment remains a significant criminal offence in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Relevant laws include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relevant provisions of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Police investigate complaints involving:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cruelty by husband or relatives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dowry demands<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dowry death<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Physical and mental harassment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-iv-cyber-crimes-against-women\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iv_Cyber_Crimes_Against_Women\"><\/span>iv. Cyber Crimes Against Women<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rapid growth of digital technology has increased online offences such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cyberstalking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Revenge pornography<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Non-consensual circulation of intimate images<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Morphing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sending obscene messages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Online blackmail<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identity theft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fake social media profiles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sexual extortion (Sextortion)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Such offences may attract liability under:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Information Technology Act, 2000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-v-human-trafficking\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"v_Human_Trafficking\"><\/span>v. Human Trafficking<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Women are frequently trafficked for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sexual exploitation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forced labour<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forced marriage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Domestic servitude<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trafficking offences attract severe punishment under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and specialised legislation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-vi-acid-attacks\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vi_Acid_Attacks\"><\/span>vi. Acid Attacks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acid attacks constitute one of the most brutal forms of gender-based violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims are entitled to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Immediate free medical treatment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compensation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Criminal investigation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rehabilitation support<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-vii-workplace-sexual-harassment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vii_Workplace_Sexual_Harassment\"><\/span>vii. Workplace Sexual Harassment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Complaints may arise from:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Unwelcome physical contact<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sexual advances<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sexually coloured remarks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hostile work environment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Demand for sexual favours<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, mandates internal committees for inquiry while criminal offences are investigated by the police.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-6-reporting-the-crime-at-a-police-station\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Reporting_the_Crime_at_a_Police_Station\"><\/span>6. Reporting the Crime at a Police Station<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-i-immediate-safety\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i_Immediate_Safety\"><\/span>i. Immediate Safety<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where there is an imminent threat, the survivor should:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contact the emergency services (such as <strong>112<\/strong> in India)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leave the unsafe location where possible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seek medical attention immediately<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inform trusted family members or friends<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-ii-registration-of-fir\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ii_Registration_of_FIR\"><\/span>ii. Registration of FIR<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) (formerly Section 154 CrPC), all information relating to a cognisable offence must be recorded by the police.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims are entitled to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Registration of an FIR without unnecessary delay<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A free copy of the FIR<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The FIR number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Name and designation of the Investigating Officer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Failure to register an FIR may amount to dereliction of statutory duty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-7-zero-fir\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Zero_FIR\"><\/span>7. Zero FIR<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept of <strong>Zero FIR<\/strong> enables any police station to register information relating to a cognisable offence irrespective of territorial jurisdiction. The FIR is subsequently transferred to the competent police station for investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This principle was reinforced following recommendations of the Justice Verma Committee (2013) and subsequent criminal law reforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-8-statement-by-a-woman-police-officer\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Statement_by_a_Woman_Police_Officer\"><\/span>8. Statement by a Woman Police Officer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where feasible, statements of women victims\u2014particularly in sexual offence cases\u2014should be recorded by a woman police officer or any woman officer in a secure and dignified environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims may request:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Privacy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Presence of a support person<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interpreter where necessary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Video recording where permitted by law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-9-medical-examination\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Medical_Examination\"><\/span>9. Medical Examination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims of sexual offences have the right to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Immediate medical treatment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Free emergency healthcare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forensic examination with informed consent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collection and preservation of biological evidence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Importantly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>No hospital may refuse treatment merely because police formalities have not been completed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-11-collection-of-evidence\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Collection_of_Evidence\"><\/span>11. Collection of Evidence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims should preserve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Clothing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Digital communications<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mobile phones<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CCTV footage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Emails<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social media messages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medical reports<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Photographs of injuries<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Witness details<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prompt preservation significantly strengthens prosecution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-12-if-police-refuse-to-register-the-complaint\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_If_Police_Refuse_to_Register_the_Complaint\"><\/span>12. If Police Refuse to Register the Complaint<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If an FIR is not registered, the survivor may:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Submit a written complaint to the Superintendent of Police under the BNSS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approach the judicial magistrate seeking appropriate directions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>File a complaint before the State Women&#8217;s Commission or National Commission for Women.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approach the High Court through appropriate legal proceedings in exceptional cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seek assistance from legal services authorities providing free legal aid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court in <em>Lalita Kumari v. Government of Uttar Pradesh<\/em> (2014) 2 SCC 1 held that registration of an FIR is mandatory where information discloses the commission of a cognisable offence, except in limited categories where a preliminary inquiry is legally permissible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-13-police-responsibilities-during-investigation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Police_Responsibilities_During_Investigation\"><\/span>13. Police Responsibilities During Investigation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Police officers are expected to conduct investigations that are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fair<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prompt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Professional<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Victim-centred<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gender-sensitive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legally compliant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their responsibilities include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recording statements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visiting the crime scene<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collecting forensic evidence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identifying witnesses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arresting accused where legally justified<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protecting victims and witnesses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filing the Final Report\/Charge Sheet before the court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-14-victim-rights-after-reporting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Victim_Rights_After_Reporting\"><\/span>14. Victim Rights After Reporting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern criminal justice systems increasingly recognise victims as participants rather than mere witnesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims are entitled to seek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Protection orders<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compensation schemes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Free legal aid<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Counselling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shelter homes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medical rehabilitation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Psychological support<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Witness protection where necessary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many states operate One Stop Centres (Sakhi Centres), offering integrated services including medical care, police facilitation, legal assistance, counselling, and temporary shelter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-15-dealing-with-the-aftermath\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_Dealing_with_the_Aftermath\"><\/span>15. Dealing with the Aftermath<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reporting the offence marks the beginning\u2014not the end\u2014of the recovery process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Survivors should:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Maintain regular communication with the Investigating Officer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preserve all documentary evidence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Attend court proceedings when required.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seek trauma-informed counselling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Develop a personal safety plan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inform trusted individuals about ongoing risks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Report any intimidation or threats immediately.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Children affected by domestic or sexual violence should also receive specialised psychological support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-16-role-of-society\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"16_Role_of_Society\"><\/span>16. Role of Society<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ending violence against women requires collective responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Governments must ensure:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gender-sensitive policing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Continuous police training<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prompt investigation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Victim-friendly infrastructure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forensic capacity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Speedy trials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Effective witness protection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Communities must reject victim-blaming, encourage reporting, and support survivors with empathy and dignity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-17-common-crimes-against-women-reported-at-police-stations-and-relevant-legal-provisions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"17_Common_Crimes_Against_Women_Reported_at_Police_Stations_and_Relevant_Legal_Provisions\"><\/span>17. Common Crimes Against Women Reported at Police Stations and Relevant Legal Provisions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Sl. No.<\/th><th>Nature of Offence<\/th><th>Relevant Legal Provision(s)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>Murder of a woman<\/td><td>BNS, 2023 \u2013 Section 103 (1)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Culpable homicide not amounting to murder<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 105<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Hurt and grievous hurt<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 115\u2013124<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>Criminal intimidation<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 351<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>Wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 126\u2013127<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>Kidnapping and abduction<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 137\u2013142<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>Human trafficking<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 143<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>Rape<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 64\u201371<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>Gang rape<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 70<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>Sexual assault\/sexual harassment<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td>Assault or criminal force with intent to disrobe<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 76<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>Voyeurism<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 77<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td>Stalking (including cyberstalking)<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 78 (2)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td>Word, gesture or act insulting the modesty of a woman, etc.<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 79<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td>Dowry death<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 80 (2)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td>Cruelty by husband or relatives<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 85<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>Domestic violence<\/td><td>Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td>Dowry demand<\/td><td>Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (Sections 3 &amp; 4)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td>Acid attack<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 124<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<\/td><td>Outraging dignity through obscene electronic material<\/td><td>Information Technology Act, 2000 \u2013 Sections 66E, 67, 67A<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>21<\/td><td>Identity theft and online impersonation<\/td><td>Information Technology Act \u2013 Sections 66C &amp; 66D<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22<\/td><td>Cyber stalking and online harassment<\/td><td>Information Technology Act, 2000 (read with BNS Section 78)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>23<\/td><td>Revenge pornography \/ Non-consensual sharing of intimate images<\/td><td>Information Technology Act \u2013 Sections 66E and 67A; BNS provisions where applicable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>24<\/td><td>Workplace sexual harassment<\/td><td>Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25<\/td><td>Child sexual offences<\/td><td>Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>26<\/td><td>Forced marriage or trafficking for marriage<\/td><td>In many police cases of women being \u201csold into marriage\u201d or transported across states for forced marriage, investigators commonly invoke Section 143 BNS (Trafficking of Persons) along with Section 87 BNS (Kidnapping, abducting or inducing a woman to compel her marriage, etc.).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>27<\/td><td>Insulting caste identity with gender-based abuse<\/td><td>Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 <em>(where applicable)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>28<\/td><td>Attempt to commit offences<\/td><td>Section 62, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Do not use Section 62 where the BNS contains a specific attempt provision.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-18-protection-of-identity-of-victim-accused-and-witness\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"18_Protection_of_Identity_of_Victim_Accused_and_Witness\"><\/span>18. Protection of Identity of Victim, Accused and Witness<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The law mandates confidentiality not only for victims but also, in specific circumstances, for accused persons and other vulnerable participants in the criminal justice process. The identities of victims of sexual offences, child sexual abuse, human trafficking, acid attacks, domestic violence, workplace sexual harassment, cyber-enabled sexual offences, and honour-based violence must be protected to safeguard their dignity, privacy, and security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likewise, the identities of child victims, child witnesses, and children in need of care and protection are protected under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012. Importantly, the identity of a <strong>child accused (child in conflict with law)<\/strong> is also protected under Section 74 of the Juvenile Justice Act, reflecting the rehabilitative philosophy of juvenile justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Further, under Section 16 of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act), the identities of <strong>both the complainant (victim) and the respondent (accused)<\/strong>, as well as witnesses and details of the proceedings, must remain confidential. These statutory protections ensure that privacy, dignity, fairness, and the integrity of the justice process are preserved while preventing secondary victimisation, social stigma, retaliation, or undue prejudice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-19-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19_Conclusion\"><\/span>19. Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crimes against women are not private disputes; they are serious violations of constitutional rights, human dignity, and the rule of law. Every survivor has the right to be heard, protected, and treated with compassion throughout the criminal justice process. Effective policing, timely registration of complaints, professional investigation, and coordinated legal and social support are essential to securing justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legal protections exist because society recognises that violence against women undermines equality, freedom, and the administration of justice. Reporting an offence is often the first courageous step toward accountability and recovery. When police, courts, healthcare providers, legal institutions, and communities work together, survivors are better protected, offenders are held accountable, and public confidence in the justice system is strengthened.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-reporting-the-crime-at-a-police-station\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reporting_the_Crime_at_a_Police_Station\"><\/span>Reporting the Crime at a Police Station<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-6-immediate-safety\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Immediate_Safety\"><\/span>6. Immediate Safety<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where there is an imminent threat, the survivor should:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contact the emergency services (such as <strong>112<\/strong> in India)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leave the unsafe location where possible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seek medical attention immediately<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inform trusted family members or friends<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-ii-registration-of-fir-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ii_Registration_of_FIR-2\"><\/span>ii. Registration of FIR<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) (formerly Section 154 CrPC), all information relating to a cognisable offence must be recorded by the police.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims are entitled to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Registration of an FIR without unnecessary delay<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A free copy of the FIR<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The FIR number<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Name and designation of the Investigating Officer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Failure to register an FIR may amount to dereliction of statutory duty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-7-zero-fir-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Zero_FIR-2\"><\/span>7. Zero FIR<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept of <strong>Zero FIR<\/strong> enables any police station to register information relating to a cognisable offence irrespective of territorial jurisdiction. The FIR is subsequently transferred to the competent police station for investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This principle was reinforced following recommendations of the Justice Verma Committee (2013) and subsequent criminal law reforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-8-statement-by-a-woman-police-officer-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Statement_by_a_Woman_Police_Officer-2\"><\/span>8. Statement by a Woman Police Officer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where feasible, statements of women victims\u2014particularly in sexual offence cases\u2014should be recorded by a woman police officer or any woman officer in a secure and dignified environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims may request:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Privacy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Presence of a support person<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interpreter where necessary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Video recording where permitted by law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-9-medical-examination-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Medical_Examination-2\"><\/span>9. Medical Examination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims of sexual offences have the right to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Immediate medical treatment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Free emergency healthcare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forensic examination with informed consent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collection and preservation of biological evidence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Importantly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>No hospital may refuse treatment merely because police formalities have not been completed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-11-collection-of-evidence-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Collection_of_Evidence-2\"><\/span>11. Collection of Evidence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims should preserve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Clothing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Digital communications<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mobile phones<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CCTV footage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Emails<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social media messages<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medical reports<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Photographs of injuries<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Witness details<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prompt preservation significantly strengthens prosecution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-12-if-police-refuse-to-register-the-complaint-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_If_Police_Refuse_to_Register_the_Complaint-2\"><\/span>12. If Police Refuse to Register the Complaint<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If an FIR is not registered, the survivor may:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Submit a written complaint to the Superintendent of Police under the BNSS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approach the judicial magistrate seeking appropriate directions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>File a complaint before the State Women&#8217;s Commission or National Commission for Women.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approach the High Court through appropriate legal proceedings in exceptional cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seek assistance from legal services authorities providing free legal aid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court in <em>Lalita Kumari v. Government of Uttar Pradesh<\/em> (2014) 2 SCC 1 held that registration of an FIR is mandatory where information discloses the commission of a cognisable offence, except in limited categories where a preliminary inquiry is legally permissible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-13-police-responsibilities-during-investigation-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Police_Responsibilities_During_Investigation-2\"><\/span>13. Police Responsibilities During Investigation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Police officers are expected to conduct investigations that are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fair<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prompt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Professional<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Victim-centred<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gender-sensitive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legally compliant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their responsibilities include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recording statements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visiting the crime scene<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collecting forensic evidence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identifying witnesses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arresting accused where legally justified<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protecting victims and witnesses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filing the Final Report\/Charge Sheet before the court<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-14-victim-rights-after-reporting-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Victim_Rights_After_Reporting-2\"><\/span>14. Victim Rights After Reporting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern criminal justice systems increasingly recognise victims as participants rather than mere witnesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Victims are entitled to seek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Protection orders<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compensation schemes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Free legal aid<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Counselling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shelter homes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medical rehabilitation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Psychological support<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Witness protection where necessary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many states operate One Stop Centres (Sakhi Centres), offering integrated services including medical care, police facilitation, legal assistance, counselling, and temporary shelter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-15-dealing-with-the-aftermath-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_Dealing_with_the_Aftermath-2\"><\/span>15. Dealing with the Aftermath<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reporting the offence marks the beginning\u2014not the end\u2014of the recovery process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Survivors should:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Maintain regular communication with the Investigating Officer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preserve all documentary evidence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Attend court proceedings when required.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seek trauma-informed counselling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Develop a personal safety plan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inform trusted individuals about ongoing risks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Report any intimidation or threats immediately.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Children affected by domestic or sexual violence should also receive specialised psychological support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-16-role-of-society-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"16_Role_of_Society-2\"><\/span>16. Role of Society<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ending violence against women requires collective responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Governments must ensure:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gender-sensitive policing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Continuous police training<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prompt investigation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Victim-friendly infrastructure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forensic capacity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Speedy trials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Effective witness protection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Communities must reject victim-blaming, encourage reporting, and support survivors with empathy and dignity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-17-common-crimes-against-women-reported-at-police-stations-and-relevant-legal-provisions-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"17_Common_Crimes_Against_Women_Reported_at_Police_Stations_and_Relevant_Legal_Provisions-2\"><\/span>17. Common Crimes Against Women Reported at Police Stations and Relevant Legal Provisions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Sl. No.<\/th><th>Nature of Offence<\/th><th>Relevant Legal Provision(s)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>Murder of a woman<\/td><td>BNS, 2023 \u2013 Section 103 (1)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Culpable homicide not amounting to murder<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 105<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Hurt and grievous hurt<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 115\u2013124<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>Criminal intimidation<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 351<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>Wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 126\u2013127<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>Kidnapping and abduction<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 137\u2013142<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>Human trafficking<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 143<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>Rape<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 64\u201371<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>Gang rape<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 70<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>Sexual assault\/sexual harassment<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td>Assault or criminal force with intent to disrobe<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 76<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>Voyeurism<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 77<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td>Stalking (including cyberstalking)<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 78 (2)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td>Word, gesture or act insulting the modesty of a woman, etc.<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 79<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td>Dowry death<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 80 (2)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td>Cruelty by husband or relatives<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Section 85<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>Domestic violence<\/td><td>Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td>Dowry demand<\/td><td>Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (Sections 3 &amp; 4)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td>Acid attack<\/td><td>BNS \u2013 Sections 124<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<\/td><td>Outraging dignity through obscene electronic material<\/td><td>Information Technology Act, 2000 \u2013 Sections 66E, 67, 67A<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>21<\/td><td>Identity theft and online impersonation<\/td><td>Information Technology Act \u2013 Sections 66C &amp; 66D<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22<\/td><td>Cyber stalking and online harassment<\/td><td>Information Technology Act, 2000 (read with BNS Section 78)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>23<\/td><td>Revenge pornography \/ Non-consensual sharing of intimate images<\/td><td>Information Technology Act \u2013 Sections 66E and 67A; BNS provisions where applicable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>24<\/td><td>Workplace sexual harassment<\/td><td>Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25<\/td><td>Child sexual offences<\/td><td>Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>26<\/td><td>Forced marriage or trafficking for marriage<\/td><td>In many police cases of women being \u201csold into marriage\u201d or transported across states for forced marriage, investigators commonly invoke Section 143 BNS (Trafficking of Persons) along with Section 87 BNS (Kidnapping, abducting or inducing a woman to compel her marriage, etc.).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>27<\/td><td>Insulting caste identity with gender-based abuse<\/td><td>Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 (where applicable)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>28<\/td><td>Attempt to commit offences<\/td><td>Section 62, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Do not use Section 62 where the BNS contains a specific attempt provision.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-18-protection-of-identity-of-victim-accused-and-witness-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"18_Protection_of_Identity_of_Victim_Accused_and_Witness-2\"><\/span>18. Protection of Identity of Victim, Accused and Witness<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The law mandates confidentiality not only for victims but also, in specific circumstances, for accused persons and other vulnerable participants in the criminal justice process. The identities of victims of sexual offences, child sexual abuse, human trafficking, acid attacks, domestic violence, workplace sexual harassment, cyber-enabled sexual offences, and honour-based violence must be protected to safeguard their dignity, privacy, and security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likewise, the identities of child victims, child witnesses, and children in need of care and protection are protected under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012. Importantly, the identity of a child accused (child in conflict with law) is also protected under Section 74 of the Juvenile Justice Act, reflecting the rehabilitative philosophy of juvenile justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Further, under Section 16 of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act), the identities of both the complainant (victim) and the respondent (accused), as well as witnesses and details of the proceedings, must remain confidential. These statutory protections ensure that privacy, dignity, fairness, and the integrity of the justice process are preserved while preventing secondary victimisation, social stigma, retaliation, or undue prejudice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-19-conclusion-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19_Conclusion-2\"><\/span>19. Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crimes against women are not private disputes; they are serious violations of constitutional rights, human dignity, and the rule of law. Every survivor has the right to be heard, protected, and treated with compassion throughout the criminal justice process. Effective policing, timely registration of complaints, professional investigation, and coordinated legal and social support are essential to securing justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legal protections exist because society recognises that violence against women undermines equality, freedom, and the administration of justice. Reporting an offence is often the first courageous step toward accountability and recovery. When police, courts, healthcare providers, legal institutions, and communities work together, survivors are better protected, offenders are held accountable, and public confidence in the justice system is strengthened.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/pocso-act-child-sexual-violence-india-law-enforcement-effectiveness\/\">Child Sexual Violence And State Responsibility: Examining Legal Gaps In Protecting Vulnerable Children<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/how-to-file-fir-in-india-police-refuse-complaint-remedies\/\">How to File FIR in Police Station in India (2026 Guide) | Remedies If Police Refuse Complaint<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bns-vs-section-498a-ipc-supreme-court-on-misuse-dowry-harassment-the-need-for-legal-reform\/\">Section 85 BNS vs Section 498A IPC: Supreme Court on Misuse, Dowry Harassment &amp; the Need for Legal Reform<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-rights-for-womens-protection-in-india\/\">Legal Rights for Women&#8217;s Protection in India<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/false-fir-in-india-career-impact-legal-remedies-anticipatory-bail-fir-quashing-guide-2026\/\">False FIR in India: Career Impact, Legal Remedies, Anticipatory Bail &amp; FIR Quashing Guide (2026)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction Violence against women is not merely a social problem\u2014it is a grave violation of fundamental human rights, constitutional guarantees, and criminal law. Despite significant legal reforms, crimes against women remain among the most underreported offences worldwide. Fear of retaliation, social stigma, economic dependence, lack of legal awareness, and distrust of institutions often discourage<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[4798],"class_list":["post-29403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-criminal-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Crimes Against Women: Legal Framework, Police Investigation, Victims&#039; Rights, and Support Mechanisms - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Crimes against women in India: learn FIR rules, Zero FIR, victim rights, BNS provisions, police duties and legal remedies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Crimes Against Women: Legal Framework, Police Investigation, Victims&#039; Rights, and Support Mechanisms\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Crimes against women in India: learn FIR rules, Zero FIR, victim rights, BNS provisions, police duties and legal remedies.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/crimes-against-women-in-india-fir-victim-rights-legal-remedies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-08T10:59:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-08T11:04:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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