{"id":29405,"date":"2026-08-08T11:20:34","date_gmt":"2026-08-08T11:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=29405"},"modified":"2026-08-08T11:23:37","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T11:23:37","slug":"e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"e-Malkhana: Digital Management of Seized Property and Evidence"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the Indian criminal justice system, a \u201cMalkhana\u201d (from &#8220;mal&#8221; meaning property and &#8220;khana&#8221; meaning room) is the designated storehouse in every police station where seized items, evidence, and case properties recovered during investigations are securely stored. These items\u2014ranging from weapons, drugs, documents, vehicles, and jewellery to forensic samples\u2014are considered &#8220;property of the court&#8221; and must be preserved intact until required for trial or final disposal.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#What_Is_E-Malkhana\" >What Is E-Malkhana?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#How_E-Malkhana_Works_Typical_Workflow\" >How E-Malkhana Works: Typical Workflow<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Key_Components\" >Key Components<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Key_Features_and_Benefits\" >Key Features and Benefits<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Real-Time_Tracking_Court_Readiness_and_Secure_Audit_Management\" >Real-Time Tracking, Court Readiness, and Secure Audit Management<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Implementation_Across_India\" >Implementation Across India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Notable_Implementations\" >Notable Implementations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#e-Malkhana_in_West_Bengal\" >e-Malkhana in West Bengal<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Key_Initiatives\" >Key Initiatives<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Kolkata_Police\" >Kolkata Police<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Jhargram_District\" >Jhargram District<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Overall_Status_Operational_Trajectory\" >Overall Status &amp; Operational Trajectory<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Why_This_Matters\" >Why This Matters?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Impact_on_Policing_Across_India\" >Impact on Policing Across India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Requirements_for_Establishing_an_e-Malkhana\" >Requirements for Establishing an e-Malkhana<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#A_Physical_Environmental_Infrastructure\" >A. Physical &amp; Environmental Infrastructure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#B_Hardware_Automated_Data_Capture\" >B. Hardware &amp; Automated Data Capture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#C_Software_Architecture_Integration\" >C. Software Architecture &amp; Integration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#D_Human_Resources_Standardised_Operating_Protocols\" >D. Human Resources &amp; Standardised Operating Protocols<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#E_Statutory_Legal_Compliance\" >E. Statutory &amp; Legal Compliance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#F_Budgetary_Allocation_Phased_Implementation\" >F. Budgetary Allocation &amp; Phased Implementation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Traditionally, Malkhanas relied on manual registers, paper records, and physical storage in often overcrowded rooms. This led to numerous challenges: items getting misplaced, tampered with, or lost; hours spent searching for specific evidence; delays in court proceedings; and even legal repercussions for officers if properties went missing. Poor management eroded public trust, complicated handovers during transfers, and hindered efficient justice delivery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To address these issues, police departments across India have increasingly adopted e-Malkhana, a digital system for managing case properties. e-Malkhana modernises the process through technology, ensuring transparency, accountability, and quick retrieval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-e-malkhana\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_E-Malkhana\"><\/span>What Is E-Malkhana?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e-Malkhana is a digital evidence and property management system that replaces manual record-keeping with software-based cataloguing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-how-e-malkhana-works-typical-workflow\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_E-Malkhana_Works_Typical_Workflow\"><\/span>How E-Malkhana Works: Typical Workflow<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the e-Malkhana system, once any item is seized, it is immediately photographed, and its essential details\u2014such as case number, nature of the property, quantity, and date of seizure\u2014are entered into the e-Malkhana software. A unique QR code or barcode is then generated and affixed to the seized item or its container, enabling precise digital identification. The item is subsequently placed in the designated malkhana storage area, where its location and status are continuously reflected on a central digital dashboard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Authorised officers can access, update, or produce the item for court proceedings through the system, with every movement automatically recorded, thereby ensuring transparency, accountability, and an unbroken chain of custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-key-components\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Components\"><\/span>Key Components<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Unique Identification:<\/strong> Each seized item is assigned a barcode or QR code.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Digital Cataloguing:<\/strong> High-resolution photographs, detailed descriptions, FIR numbers, relevant legal sections, quantity, condition, and storage location are uploaded to a database or app.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Real-Time Tracking:<\/strong> Items can be located instantly by scanning codes or searching via FIR\/case details.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Audit Trail:<\/strong> Records movements, entries, and disposals, reducing risks of tampering or pilferage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Integration Potential:<\/strong> In some implementations, it links with systems like the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS) for seamless data sharing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The system often involves physical upgrades too, such as organised racks, secure boxes, and sometimes CCTV or biometric access.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-key-features-and-benefits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Features_and_Benefits\"><\/span>Key Features and Benefits<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e-Malkhana offers several advantages over traditional methods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Feature<\/th><th>Benefit<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Efficiency<\/td><td>Retrieval that once took hours or days now happens in minutes, freeing up personnel for core duties.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transparency and Accountability<\/td><td>Digital records create an immutable trail, minimising corruption allegations and building public confidence.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Security<\/td><td>Reduces loss, damage, or manipulation; real-time verification of item condition.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ease of Handover<\/td><td>Simplifies transfers between officers, as everything is digitised.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Court Compliance<\/td><td>Faster production of evidence in trials, reducing adjournments.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and Analytics<\/td><td>Supervisors can track statistics, like properties under specific acts (e.g., NDPS or Arms Act).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overall, it aligns with India&#8217;s Digital India initiative and smart policing goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-real-time-tracking-court-readiness-and-secure-audit-management\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Real-Time_Tracking_Court_Readiness_and_Secure_Audit_Management\"><\/span>Real-Time Tracking, Court Readiness, and Secure Audit Management<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The e-Malkhana system ensures real-time tracking of all stored case properties, with digital records clearly indicating who deposited or retrieved an item and the precise time of each transaction, thereby enhancing transparency and significantly reducing the risk of misplaced or mishandled evidence. Its digital indexing enables investigators, courts, and forensic departments to quickly retrieve complete details of case properties, even in long-pending matters, saving hours of manual effort and minimising delays in legal proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, e-Malkhana is audit-friendly, with automated logs and dashboards that facilitate inspections, and it can be integrated with CCTV surveillance, access control mechanisms, and biometric authorisation to enforce stricter custody norms and strengthen the overall security and accountability of evidence management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-implementation-across-india\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implementation_Across_India\"><\/span>Implementation Across India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e-Malkhana has evolved primarily through state-driven innovations and local initiatives rather than a single centrally mandated framework. Pioneered by proactive police officers, these digital systems aim to bring transparency, accountability, and efficiency to the management of case properties in police Malkhanas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-notable-implementations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Notable_Implementations\"><\/span>Notable Implementations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>State \/ Region<\/th><th>Implementation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Delhi Police<\/strong><\/td><td>Among the earliest adopters (2017\u20132018), Delhi achieved full digitisation across all districts using QR codes and specialised software, managing over 300,000 case properties.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Andhra Pradesh<\/strong><\/td><td>First implemented in 2021 at Narsipatnam (Visakhapatnam\/Anakapalli), with subsequent expansion to multiple stations featuring scientific storage practices.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Chhattisgarh<\/strong><\/td><td>Conceptualised by IPS officer Robinson Guria through custom-developed software; successfully piloted and scaled for better inventory management.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Rajasthan<\/strong><\/td><td>Launched in 2023 at Chandwaji police station as the state\u2019s first pilot, employing Google Sheets integrated with QR codes.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bihar<\/strong><\/td><td>Buxar district introduced a custom e-Malkhana app in 2025, inspired by Delhi\u2019s model, with features including item photography and location mapping. Plans are underway for statewide expansion.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Madhya Pradesh<\/strong><\/td><td>The state\u2019s first e-Malkhana was inaugurated in 2025 at TT Nagar police station in Bhopal, equipped with QR-based tracking.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Other Regions<\/strong><\/td><td>Initiatives or pilots are also active in West Bengal, Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, and districts such as Amethi (UP).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While many solutions began as officer-led, in-house developments, several are now integrating with national platforms like CCTNS. This decentralised model has enabled rapid innovation, though it has also led to variations in technology and implementation standards across states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-e-malkhana-in-west-bengal\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"e-Malkhana_in_West_Bengal\"><\/span>e-Malkhana in West Bengal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">West Bengal has adopted a phased, bottom-up model for e-Malkhana implementation, driven primarily by district-level and police commissionerate initiatives. Unlike jurisdictions utilising centralised, single-phase rollouts, implementation in West Bengal began as localised pilot projects before expanding into broader digital evidence management frameworks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-key-initiatives\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Initiatives\"><\/span>Key Initiatives<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-kolkata-police\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolkata_Police\"><\/span>Kolkata Police<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pilot Phase:<\/strong> In 2021, Alipore Police Station served as an early pioneer by digitising seized property registers through photography and barcoded tracking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Systemic Scaling:<\/strong> Kolkata Police expanded this framework by procuring web-based e-Malkhana software integrated with Android-based mobile applications for real-time QR code scanning, reporting, and property auditability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-jhargram-district\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jhargram_District\"><\/span>Jhargram District<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Initiated an early district-level e-Malkhana rollout starting at Lalgarh Police Station, establishing digital cataloguing and physical QR-tagging of seized properties to strengthen chain-of-custody compliance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-overall-status-amp-operational-trajectory\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overall_Status_Operational_Trajectory\"><\/span>Overall Status &amp; Operational Trajectory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>District Adoption:<\/strong> Multiple police districts and commissionerates have introduced localised digital modules combining digital registers, physical tagging, and photography.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Statutory Imperative:<\/strong> The push toward statewide integration has gained critical momentum under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which mandates strict digital documentation, videography, photography, and verifiable chains of custody for seized evidence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Core Objectives:<\/strong> Integration with CCTNS and ICJS (Inter-operable Criminal Justice System) remains ongoing to eliminate manual log discrepancies, prevent property damage or evidence tampering, and streamline production and disposal before judicial courts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-why-this-matters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_This_Matters\"><\/span>Why This Matters?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e-Malkhana is significant because it directly enhances transparency and trust in the criminal justice system by maintaining detailed digital logs that ensure accountability within police departments and before courts. Accurate and continuous tracking of seized evidence improves forensic reliability, supports scientific examination, and minimises disputes regarding the integrity and handling of evidence during trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the operational level, the system reduces the burden of manual record-keeping and clerical work, allowing police personnel to devote more time and resources to investigation, crime prevention, and public safety, thereby improving the overall effectiveness of policing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By digitally preserving the chain of custody through time-stamped and officer-attributed records, e-Malkhana operationalises the principles governing search, seizure, custody, and disposal of case property under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)\u2014including provisions relating to seizure, safe custody, and production of property before court\u2014while strengthening the admissibility and integrity of electronic records under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA), thereby directly supporting the constitutional guarantee of a fair trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <em>State of Rajasthan v. Gurmail Singh<\/em> (2005) 5 SCC 117, the Supreme Court underscored that an unbroken chain of custody in the <strong>malkhana<\/strong> is vital to sustain the prosecution\u2019s case. The Court ruled that non-production of the property register or failure to establish seal security creates grave suspicion of sample tampering, thereby justifying acquittal under the principle of adverse inference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-impact-on-policing-across-india\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_on_Policing_Across_India\"><\/span>Impact on Policing Across India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The adoption of the e-Malkhana system has had a transformative impact on policing across India by significantly enhancing accountability, efficiency, and institutional trust. Unlike manual record-keeping, which often led to missing or mishandled evidence, e-Malkhana\u2019s digital records ensure a secure chain of custody where every movement of seized property is time-stamped and traceable to a specific officer, thereby discouraging negligence or misconduct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Digitisation has also greatly improved operational efficiency, with districts such as Buxar, Amethi, and Visakhapatnam reporting that previously cluttered and cumbersome evidence rooms have been converted into well-organised repositories where items can be located within minutes instead of hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The system is steadily scaling nationwide, with police forces in regions ranging from the Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands to Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar adopting e-Malkhana across multiple police stations, reflecting strong institutional acceptance. By ensuring that evidence is easily retrievable and supported by a verifiable digital history, e-Malkhana has further helped reduce delays in court proceedings and strengthened prosecutorial credibility, contributing to a more efficient justice delivery system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-requirements-for-establishing-an-e-malkhana\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Requirements_for_Establishing_an_e-Malkhana\"><\/span>Requirements for Establishing an e-Malkhana<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Establishing an e-Malkhana (Digital Case Property Management System) requires an integrated framework combining secure physical infrastructure, automated technology, standardised protocols, and legal compliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-a-physical-amp-environmental-infrastructure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Physical_Environmental_Infrastructure\"><\/span>A. Physical &amp; Environmental Infrastructure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Secure Storage Facility:<\/strong> Dedicated, climate-controlled <em>Malkhana<\/em> room featuring compartmentalised racking, compactors, and heavy-duty lockable storage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Segregated Safe Vaults:<\/strong> Specialised double-locking vaults for high-value assets (cash, gold, counterfeit notes), firearms\/ammunition, and seized narcotics (NDPS articles).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cold Storage &amp; Shielding:<\/strong> Refrigerated units for biological\/DNA samples and static\/Faraday shielding for seized digital electronics to prevent wireless tampering or signal intrusion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Power &amp; Connectivity:<\/strong> Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS\/Inverter backup) paired with high-speed, secure local network or WAN access.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perimeter Security:<\/strong> Round-the-clock motion-activated CCTV surveillance covering entry points, interior aisles, and high-value vaults.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-b-hardware-amp-automated-data-capture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_Hardware_Automated_Data_Capture\"><\/span>B. Hardware &amp; Automated Data Capture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Processing Workstation:<\/strong> Dedicated PC\/Laptop for the <em>Malkhana Moharrir<\/em> (property in-charge).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>QR \/ Barcode Infrastructure:<\/strong> Industrial thermal QR code\/barcode printer and ruggedised handheld scanners.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Digital Imaging Capture:<\/strong> High-resolution digital camera or mobile\/tablet smart device configured for mandatory photographic and videographic documentation of property seizure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Optional Tracking:<\/strong> RFID tagging for high-risk, critical, or bulky items.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-c-software-architecture-amp-integration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_Software_Architecture_Integration\"><\/span>C. Software Architecture &amp; Integration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Core Register Management:<\/strong> Dynamic digital entry register generating unique automated Property Identification Numbers (PIN \/ QR ID).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Comprehensive Data Fields:<\/strong> FIR details, seizure memo cross-reference, photo\/video attachments, physical rack\/shelf bin-location mapping, depositor officer details, and real-time chain-of-custody tracking (court production, FSL dispatch, return, or disposal).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>System Security &amp; Auditability:<\/strong> Role-based access control (RBAC), immutable digital audit logs, and auto-generated electronic compliance certificates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interoperability:<\/strong> Integration API with state police systems (CCTNS) and the Interoperable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) for seamless judicial reporting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-d-human-resources-amp-standardised-operating-protocols\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"D_Human_Resources_Standardised_Operating_Protocols\"><\/span>D. Human Resources &amp; Standardised Operating Protocols<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Custodial Personnel:<\/strong> Designated <em>Malkhana<\/em> In-Charge with specialised training in digital inventory control and evidence preservation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capacity Building:<\/strong> Module-based training for Station House Officers (SHOs) and Investigating Officers (IOs) on QR tagging, digital logs, and evidence dispatch procedures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SOP Execution:<\/strong> Strict protocol for property entry, periodic physical audit verification, and automated alert systems for property disposal or pending court production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-e-statutory-amp-legal-compliance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E_Statutory_Legal_Compliance\"><\/span>E. Statutory &amp; Legal Compliance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BNSS &amp; BSA Compliance:<\/strong> Statutory alignment with the <strong>Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)<\/strong> (videography\/photography mandates under Section 105) and the <strong>Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)<\/strong> (Section 63 electronic record certification).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chain of Custody Sanctity:<\/strong> Unbroken electronic audit trails detailing every transfer, inspection, or court movement to ensure admissibility and prevent link-evidence challenges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Data Security:<\/strong> Secure server\/cloud hosting at State Data Centres (SDC) with encrypted cloud backups and role-based data privacy controls.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-f-budgetary-allocation-amp-phased-implementation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"F_Budgetary_Allocation_Phased_Implementation\"><\/span>F. Budgetary Allocation &amp; Phased Implementation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Phase<\/th><th>Implementation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Phase I (Gap Assessment &amp; Procurement)<\/strong><\/td><td>Physical renovation, electrical\/network setup, and hardware procurement (QR printers, scanners, and workstations).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Phase II (Software Deployment &amp; Pilot)<\/strong><\/td><td>Pilot deployment in selected benchmark stations, data migration of existing physical registers, and staff onboarding.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Phase III (Statewide Scaling &amp; Integration)<\/strong><\/td><td>Full roll-out across commissionerates and districts, integration with ICJS\/CCTNS, and automated judicial reporting.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Estimated Capital Outlay<\/strong><\/td><td>\u20b950,000 \u2013 \u20b9200,000 per station for initial pilot hardware and localised software, scaling upward depending on centralised enterprise software architectures.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>e-Malkhana<\/strong> represents a paradigm shift in Indian policing by replacing manual, paper-based evidence management with digitised records and real-time tracking, thereby strengthening transparency, efficiency, and accountability in the justice process. Though challenges remain\u2014such as limited digital infrastructure, staff training needs, uneven standards across states, and initial implementation costs\u2014these are transitional rather than structural. As adoption widens and systems mature, e-Malkhana is poised to reinforce the entire criminal justice chain, from investigation and prosecution to conviction. In an era of complex crime, it stands as a vital reform promoting reliable and trustworthy policing, with the potential to become a nationwide standard for evidence management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-revolutionizing-evidence-management-in-indian-policing\/\">E-Malkhana: Revolutionizing Evidence Management in Indian Policing<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/procedure-seizing-cctv-recordings-as-evidence-indian-courts\/\">Procedure for Seizing CCTV Recordings as Evidence in Indian Courts<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/corporate-litigation-and-trade-disputes-indias-evolving-legal-landscape\/\">Corporate Litigation and Trade Disputes: India\u2019s Evolving Legal Landscape<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-delays-in-india-causes-consequences-and-reforms\/\">Judicial Delays in India: Causes, Consequences, and Reforms<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/standard-operating-procedure-sop-for-investigation-of-offences-designs-act-2000\/\">Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Investigation of Offences under the Designs Act, 2000<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction In the Indian criminal justice system, a \u201cMalkhana\u201d (from &#8220;mal&#8221; meaning property and &#8220;khana&#8221; meaning room) is the designated storehouse in every police station where seized items, evidence, and case properties recovered during investigations are securely stored. These items\u2014ranging from weapons, drugs, documents, vehicles, and jewellery to forensic samples\u2014are considered &#8220;property of the court&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[4798],"class_list":["post-29405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-criminal-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>e-Malkhana: Digital Management of Seized Property and Evidence - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how e-Malkhana digitizes case property management, strengthens evidence chain of custody and improves police accountability in India.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"e-Malkhana: Digital Management of Seized Property and Evidence\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how e-Malkhana digitizes case property management, strengthens evidence chain of custody and improves police accountability in India.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-08T11:20:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-08T11:23:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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Imran Wahab\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Md. Imran Wahab\"},\"description\":\"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/author\\\/md-imranwahab\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"e-Malkhana: Digital Management of Seized Property and Evidence - Legal Service India - Articles","description":"Learn how e-Malkhana digitizes case property management, strengthens evidence chain of custody and improves police accountability in India.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"e-Malkhana: Digital Management of Seized Property and Evidence","og_description":"Learn how e-Malkhana digitizes case property management, strengthens evidence chain of custody and improves police accountability in India.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/e-malkhana-digital-management-of-seized-property-and-evidence\/","og_site_name":"Legal Service India - Articles","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind","article_published_time":"2026-08-08T11:20:34+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-08-08T11:23:37+00:00","author":"Md. 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Imran Wahab","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","caption":"Md. Imran Wahab"},"description":"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/author\/md-imranwahab\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29405"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29684,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29405\/revisions\/29684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}