{"id":29532,"date":"2026-08-12T05:16:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T05:16:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=29532"},"modified":"2026-08-12T05:19:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T05:19:19","slug":"judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/","title":{"rendered":"Judicial Recording of Statements and Confessions under BNSS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section <strong>183 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)<\/strong> corresponds to the erstwhile Section 164 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. It empowers a judicial magistrate to record the statements of witnesses and the confessions of accused persons during the course of investigation. The provision serves as an important judicial safeguard to preserve reliable evidence, protect witnesses from intimidation or influence, and ensure that any confession made by an accused is voluntary, truthful, and free from coercion.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Purpose_of_Recording_Statements_Under_Section_183_BNSS\" >Purpose of Recording Statements Under Section 183 BNSS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Nature_and_Evidentiary_Value_of_Witness_Statements\" >Nature and Evidentiary Value of Witness Statements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#When_Are_Statements_Recorded\" >When Are Statements Recorded?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Witnesses_Turning_Hostile\" >Witnesses Turning Hostile<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Confessions_of_the_Accused_Under_Section_183_BNSS\" >Confessions of the Accused Under Section 183 BNSS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Essential_Safeguards\" >Essential Safeguards<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Reflection_Period\" >Reflection Period<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Tests_for_Accepting_a_Judicial_Confession\" >Tests for Accepting a Judicial Confession<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Circumstances_Affecting_Voluntariness\" >Circumstances Affecting Voluntariness<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Procedural_Irregularities\" >Procedural Irregularities<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Important_Features_Under_the_BNSS\" >Important Features Under the BNSS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Confession_Against_a_Co-Accused\" >Confession Against a Co-Accused<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Case_Laws\" >Case Laws<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Kirti_Verma_v_State_of_UP\" >Kirti Verma v. State of U.P.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Statements and confessions recorded under Section 183 are made before an independent judicial authority and, therefore, carry greater evidentiary assurance than statements recorded by the police. However, while judicial confessions may constitute substantive evidence against their maker, statements of witnesses recorded under this provision are <strong>not substantive evidence<\/strong> and have only a limited evidentiary value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-purpose-of-recording-statements-under-section-183-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Purpose_of_Recording_Statements_Under_Section_183_BNSS\"><\/span>Purpose of Recording Statements Under Section 183 BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the investigation of a criminal case, the Investigating Officer (IO) may consider it necessary to request the Magistrate to record the statement of a material witness under Section 183 BNSS. This is particularly important where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The witness is closely related to the accused;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the accused is influential or capable of intimidating witnesses;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>there is a likelihood that the witness may later retract or alter the statement; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The nature of the offence requires preservation of the earliest version of the witness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The primary object is to preserve credible evidence at the earliest stage and to protect the integrity of the investigation. The mere fact that the police have arranged for the recording of such a statement does not render the witness or the evidence suspicious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-nature-and-evidentiary-value-of-witness-statements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nature_and_Evidentiary_Value_of_Witness_Statements\"><\/span>Nature and Evidentiary Value of Witness Statements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A statement recorded by a magistrate under Section 183 BNSS <strong>is not substantive evidence<\/strong>. It cannot, by itself, prove the facts stated therein or form the basis of conviction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its evidentiary value is confined to the following purposes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Corroboration<\/strong> of the witness&#8217;s testimony during trial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contradiction<\/strong> of the witness if he or she departs from the earlier version.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cross-examination<\/strong> in accordance with the provisions of the <strong>Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA),<\/strong> relating to previous statements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Statements recorded soon after the occurrence generally carry greater credibility because they are less likely to be influenced by tutoring, threats, or embellishments. Judicial records also enjoy a statutory presumption of genuineness under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-when-are-statements-recorded\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_Are_Statements_Recorded\"><\/span>When Are Statements Recorded?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Investigating Officer may seek recording of a witness&#8217;s statement where there is a reasonable apprehension that the witness may later become hostile or may be won over by the accused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, Section 183 is not confined only to police requisitions. A magistrate may also record the statement:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>on the request of the witness himself or herself;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>in exceptional circumstances, at the request of the accused; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>whenever the magistrate is satisfied that recording the statement is necessary in the interests of justice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, the provision ensures that valuable evidence is not lost merely because the investigating agency fails or declines to move the magistrate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-witnesses-turning-hostile\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Witnesses_Turning_Hostile\"><\/span>Witnesses Turning Hostile<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the principal purposes of recording statements under Section 183 BNSS is to safeguard against witnesses turning hostile during trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If a witness resiles from the earlier judicial statement:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the defence may use the previous statement for contradiction during cross-examination; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The prosecution, with the permission of the court, may use it for corroboration or to confront a hostile witness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where a witness deliberately gives false evidence on oath before the court, proceedings for the offence of giving false evidence under the <strong>Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS)<\/strong> may also be initiated in accordance with law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-confessions-of-the-accused-under-section-183-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Confessions_of_the_Accused_Under_Section_183_BNSS\"><\/span>Confessions of the Accused Under Section 183 BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 183 also empowers a judicial magistrate to record the confession of an accused who voluntarily desires to confess during investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since a confession may have serious consequences for the accused, the law prescribes strict procedural safeguards to ensure that it is entirely voluntary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-essential-safeguards\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Essential_Safeguards\"><\/span>Essential Safeguards<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before recording a confession, the magistrate must satisfy himself or herself that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The accused is making the confession voluntarily;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>no threat, inducement, promise, coercion or police influence exists;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the accused understands that he is not legally bound to confess; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The accused understands that the confession may be used as evidence against him.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a rule of judicial prudence, the magistrate recording the confession should ordinarily not be the magistrate who eventually conducts the trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wherever practicable, the confession should be recorded in open court during court hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-reflection-period\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reflection_Period\"><\/span>Reflection Period<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Courts have consistently emphasised that an accused should ordinarily be afforded sufficient time for reflection before making a confession.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The accepted judicial practice is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>to administer the statutory warning;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>to remand the accused to judicial custody; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>to allow reasonable time\u2014generally around <strong>24 hours<\/strong>\u2014to enable the accused to make an independent decision free from police influence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This reflection period is regarded as an important safeguard against involuntary confessions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-tests-for-accepting-a-judicial-confession\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tests_for_Accepting_a_Judicial_Confession\"><\/span>Tests for Accepting a Judicial Confession<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before acting upon a confession, courts ordinarily examine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>whether the confession is entirely voluntary;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>whether it is true and trustworthy; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>whether it inspires confidence and is corroborated on material particulars wherever necessary.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A voluntary and truthful judicial confession, even if subsequently retracted, may form the basis of conviction, including in serious offences such as murder, provided the court is fully satisfied regarding its authenticity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-circumstances-affecting-voluntariness\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Circumstances_Affecting_Voluntariness\"><\/span>Circumstances Affecting Voluntariness<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A confession is liable to be rejected where circumstances indicate that it was not made voluntarily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>recording immediately after police custody without adequate time for reflection;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>continued police influence or intimidation;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>police presence capable of seeing or overhearing the confession;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inducement, threat or promise from a person in authority; or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>failure by the magistrate to administer the mandatory caution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, if there is no meaningful interval between police custody and recording of the confession, particularly where the confession is later retracted, courts may refuse to rely upon it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An undertrial prisoner being escorted from jail to the Magistrate is not deemed to be in police custody merely because police personnel accompany him, unless those officers are directly connected with the investigation or acting under the Investigating Officer&#8217;s supervision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-procedural-irregularities\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procedural_Irregularities\"><\/span>Procedural Irregularities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minor procedural defects do not necessarily invalidate a confession.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where the Magistrate has substantially complied with the mandatory safeguards regarding voluntariness and caution, technical defects relating merely to the manner of recording may be curable, provided no prejudice has been caused to the accused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, defects affecting the voluntary nature of the confession cannot be cured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-important-features-under-the-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_Features_Under_the_BNSS\"><\/span>Important Features Under the BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The BNSS strengthens transparency and victim protection by incorporating several modern safeguards, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>preference for recording statements of women victims, particularly in sexual offences, before a <strong>woman <\/strong>magistrate or by a male magistrate in the presence of a woman where necessary;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>greater use of <strong>audio-video electronic recording<\/strong> during investigation and judicial proceedings;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>emphasis on the dignity, privacy and protection of victims and vulnerable witnesses; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>continued judicial oversight over the recording of statements and confessions to ensure fairness and prevent coercion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These reforms aim to improve the credibility of criminal investigations while safeguarding the constitutional rights of victims, witnesses and accused persons alike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-confession-against-a-co-accused\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Confession_Against_a_Co-Accused\"><\/span>Confession Against a Co-Accused<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A confession made by one accused under Section 183 BNSS does not ordinarily constitute substantive evidence against a co-accused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Such a confession can be considered only as an additional circumstance and cannot, by itself, form the basis of conviction unless:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>there is independent evidence connecting the co-accused with the offence; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The confession is fully inculpatory and genuinely incriminates its maker as well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An exculpatory or partially exculpatory confession\u2014where the maker minimises his own role while shifting blame to others\u2014has little or no evidentiary value against the co-accused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-case-laws\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Laws\"><\/span>Case Laws<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-kirti-verma-v-state-of-u-p\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kirti_Verma_v_State_of_UP\"><\/span>Kirti Verma v. State of U.P.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <em>Kirti Verma v. State of U.P.<\/em> (2026 Supreme (All) 409), the Allahabad High Court held that re-recording a victim or witness statement before a Magistrate under Section 183 BNSS (successor to Section 164 CrPC) is an exception, not a routine practice, and is permissible only upon proof of coercion, improper recording, or grave procedural defects that compromise the integrity of the original statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court underscored that such judicially supervised statements carry significantly higher evidentiary weight than police statements under Section 180 BNSS (formerly Section 161 CrPC). Consistent with Supreme Court precedents such as <em>State of Karnataka v. Shivanna<\/em> (2014) 8 SCC 913, it reaffirmed that these statements are intended to remain final to preserve evidentiary reliability and prevent abuse of process through witness coaching or retractions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section <strong>183 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/strong> is a vital procedural safeguard that balances the interests of effective criminal investigation with the constitutional rights of individuals. While statements of witnesses recorded before a magistrate are <strong>not substantive evidence<\/strong>, they play a significant role in corroborating or contradicting testimony during trial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Judicial confessions, on the other hand, may constitute substantive evidence against their maker, provided they are recorded voluntarily and in strict compliance with the statutory safeguards. By strengthening judicial supervision, promoting electronic recording, and enhancing protection for vulnerable witnesses and victims, Section 183 BNSS reinforces the principles of fairness, transparency, and reliability in the administration of criminal justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/tofan-singh-ndps-confession-law-constitutional-rights\/\">Tofan Singh v State of Tamil Nadu: How the Supreme Court Recalibrated NDPS Confession Law and Constitutional Rights<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-charge-sheet-a-defence-lawyers-most-critical-weapon\/\">The Charge Sheet: A Defence Lawyer\u2019s Most Critical Weapon<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/beyond-the-third-degree-the-evolution-from-coercion-to-cognition\/\">Beyond the Third Degree: The Evolution from Coercion to Cognition<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/custodial-violence-and-police-accountability\/\">Custodial Violence and Police Accountability<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/examination-of-witnesses-under-bnss-2023-sections-179-180-181-182\/\">Examination of Witnesses by Police Under BNSS 2023: Sections 179-182 Explained with Procedure, Rights &amp; Case Law<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Section 183 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) corresponds to the erstwhile Section 164 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. It empowers a judicial magistrate to record the statements of witnesses and the confessions of accused persons during the course of investigation. The provision serves as an important judicial safeguard to<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[4798],"class_list":["post-29532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-criminal-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Judicial Recording of Statements and Confessions under BNSS - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Section 183 BNSS explained: learn rules on witness statements, judicial confessions, safeguards, evidentiary value and hostile witnesses.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Judicial Recording of Statements and Confessions under BNSS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Section 183 BNSS explained: learn rules on witness statements, judicial confessions, safeguards, evidentiary value and hostile witnesses.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/judicial-recording-of-statements-and-confessions-under-bnss\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-12T05:16:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-12T05:19:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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