{"id":30180,"date":"2026-08-16T07:18:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T07:18:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=30180"},"modified":"2026-08-16T07:21:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T07:21:31","slug":"analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/","title":{"rendered":"Analytical Instrumentation: Principles of GC-MS, UV-VIS, HPLC, FTIR, HPTLC, and Infrared SAM"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern forensic science depends heavily on scientific instruments and advanced technology. These modern gadgets help forensic experts identify substances, analyse evidence, detect drugs and poisons, examine documents, and solve criminal cases accurately.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Importance_of_Modern_Gadgets_in_Forensic_Science\" >Importance of Modern Gadgets in Forensic Science<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Polygraph_Lie_Detection_Instrument\" >Polygraph (Lie Detection Instrument)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#What_is_a_polygraph\" >What is a polygraph?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#What_Does_It_Measure\" >What Does It Measure?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Working_Principle\" >Working Principle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Uses_of_Polygraph\" >Uses of Polygraph<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Limitations\" >Limitations<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Infrared_Document_Examination_%E2%80%93_Exposing_Hidden_Truths\" >Infrared Document Examination \u2013 Exposing Hidden Truths<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Working_Principle-2\" >Working Principle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Applications\" >Applications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Importance\" >Importance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#GC-MS_Gas_Chromatography-Mass_Spectrometry\" >GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#What_is_GC-MS\" >What is GC-MS?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Working_Principle-3\" >Working Principle<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Gas_Chromatography\" >Gas Chromatography<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Mass_Spectrometry\" >Mass Spectrometry<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Uses\" >Uses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Importance-2\" >Importance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#UV-Visible_Spectrophotometer_UV-VIS\" >UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-VIS)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#What_is_a_UV-Visible_Spectrophotometer\" >What is a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Working_Principle-4\" >Working Principle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Uses-2\" >Uses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Importance-3\" >Importance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#HPLC_High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography\" >HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#What_is_HPLC\" >What is HPLC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Working_Principle-5\" >Working Principle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Uses-3\" >Uses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Advantages\" >Advantages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Importance-4\" >Importance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#FTIR_Fourier_Transform_Infrared_Spectroscopy\" >FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#What_is_FTIR\" >What is FTIR?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Working_Principle-6\" >Working Principle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Uses-4\" >Uses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Advantages-2\" >Advantages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Importance-5\" >Importance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#HPTLC_High_Performance_Thin_Layer_Chromatography\" >HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#What_is_HPTLC\" >What is HPTLC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Working_Principle-7\" >Working Principle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Uses-5\" >Uses<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Advantages-3\" >Advantages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Importance-6\" >Importance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Comparison_of_Modern_Forensic_Gadgets\" >Comparison of Modern Forensic Gadgets<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Advantages_of_Modern_Forensic_Instruments\" >Advantages of Modern Forensic Instruments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Role_in_Criminal_Investigation\" >Role in Criminal Investigation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Evidentiary_Value\" >Evidentiary Value<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The use of modern instruments makes investigations faster, more reliable, and scientifically sound. These gadgets help laboratories provide strong evidence for courts and investigating agencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-importance-of-modern-gadgets-in-forensic-science\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_Modern_Gadgets_in_Forensic_Science\"><\/span>Importance of Modern Gadgets in Forensic Science<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern forensic instruments help in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identifying unknown substances<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detecting drugs and poisons<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examining questioned documents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investigating explosions and fires<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Analysing biological samples<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comparing evidence samples<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Providing scientific proof in court<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increasing accuracy and reliability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-polygraph-lie-detection-instrument\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polygraph_Lie_Detection_Instrument\"><\/span>Polygraph (Lie Detection Instrument)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-is-a-polygraph\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_polygraph\"><\/span>What is a polygraph?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A polygraph is an instrument used to record certain physiological changes in a person while answering questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is commonly known as a &#8220;lie detector test&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-does-it-measure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Does_It_Measure\"><\/span>What Does It Measure?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The instrument records:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Heart rate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blood pressure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breathing rate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skin perspiration (sweating)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-working-principle\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Principle\"><\/span>Working Principle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a person becomes nervous or stressed while answering questions, certain physiological changes may occur. The polygraph records these changes for analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-uses-of-polygraph\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses_of_Polygraph\"><\/span>Uses of Polygraph<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Criminal investigations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verification of statements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Suspect interviews<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intelligence investigations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Security screening<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-limitations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limitations\"><\/span>Limitations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It does not directly detect lies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Results are not always accurate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Emotional stress may affect results.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-infrared-document-examination-exposing-hidden-truths\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Infrared_Document_Examination_%E2%80%93_Exposing_Hidden_Truths\"><\/span>Infrared Document Examination \u2013 Exposing Hidden Truths<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Infrared examination, performed using tools such as the Video Spectral Comparator (VSC), is a cornerstone of forensic document analysis. By harnessing infrared light, experts can uncover details invisible to the naked eye, ensuring authenticity and detecting fraud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-working-principle-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Principle-2\"><\/span>Working Principle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Infrared light penetrates paper and interacts differently with inks and materials, revealing erased writing, alterations, or concealed text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-applications\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applications\"><\/span>Applications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Detection of erased writing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Identification of altered documents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examination of forged signatures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recovery of hidden text<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Currency note examination<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detection of different inks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-importance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance\"><\/span>Importance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Infrared analysis with instruments like the VSC helps forensic experts discover tampering, authenticate documents, and prevent fraud, making it indispensable in criminal investigations, legal proceedings, and financial security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-gc-ms-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GC-MS_Gas_Chromatography-Mass_Spectrometry\"><\/span>GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-is-gc-ms\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_GC-MS\"><\/span>What is GC-MS?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GC-MS is one of the most powerful instruments used in forensic laboratories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It combines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gas Chromatography (GC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mass Spectrometry (MS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-working-principle-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Principle-3\"><\/span>Working Principle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-gas-chromatography\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gas_Chromatography\"><\/span>Gas Chromatography<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Separates different chemicals present in a mixture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-mass-spectrometry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mass_Spectrometry\"><\/span>Mass Spectrometry<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Identifies each chemical by measuring its molecular characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-uses\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses\"><\/span>Uses<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drug identification<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poison analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alcohol testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detection of explosives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fire debris examination<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Environmental investigations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-importance-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance-2\"><\/span>Importance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GC-MS provides highly accurate identification of unknown substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-uv-visible-spectrophotometer-uv-vis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UV-Visible_Spectrophotometer_UV-VIS\"><\/span>UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-VIS)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-is-a-uv-visible-spectrophotometer\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_UV-Visible_Spectrophotometer\"><\/span>What is a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is an instrument used to measure how a substance absorbs ultraviolet and visible light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-working-principle-2\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Principle-4\"><\/span>Working Principle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different substances absorb light differently. The instrument measures this absorption and helps identify the substance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-uses-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses-2\"><\/span>Uses<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drug analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poison detection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chemical analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pharmaceutical testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Biological sample examination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-importance-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance-3\"><\/span>Importance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It helps determine the concentration and identity of various substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-hplc-high-performance-liquid-chromatography\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HPLC_High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography\"><\/span>HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-is-hplc\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_HPLC\"><\/span>What is HPLC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HPLC is a modern analytical technique used to separate, identify, and measure components in a mixture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-working-principle-3\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Principle-5\"><\/span>Working Principle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A liquid sample passes through a special column where its components separate according to their properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-uses-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses-3\"><\/span>Uses<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drug testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toxicology investigations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poison analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Food testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pharmaceutical analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Biological sample examination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-advantages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages\"><\/span>Advantages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Highly accurate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sensitive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fast analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Suitable for complex mixtures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-importance-2\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance-4\"><\/span>Importance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HPLC is widely used in forensic toxicology laboratories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ftir-fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FTIR_Fourier_Transform_Infrared_Spectroscopy\"><\/span>FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-is-ftir\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_FTIR\"><\/span>What is FTIR?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTIR is an instrument used to identify substances by studying how they absorb infrared light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every substance produces a unique infrared pattern known as a &#8220;fingerprint&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-working-principle-4\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Principle-6\"><\/span>Working Principle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Infrared radiation passes through a sample, and the instrument records the absorption pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-uses-2\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses-4\"><\/span>Uses<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drug identification<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paint analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fibre examination<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plastic analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explosive identification<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chemical examination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-advantages-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages-2\"><\/span>Advantages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Non-destructive analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quick results<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High accuracy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-importance-3\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance-5\"><\/span>Importance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTIR helps identify unknown materials quickly and reliably.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-hptlc-high-performance-thin-layer-chromatography\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"HPTLC_High_Performance_Thin_Layer_Chromatography\"><\/span>HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-what-is-hptlc\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_HPTLC\"><\/span>What is HPTLC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HPTLC is an advanced form of thin-layer chromatography used for separating and identifying chemical compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-working-principle-5\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Principle-7\"><\/span>Working Principle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A sample is placed on a coated plate. Different compounds move at different speeds and become separated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-uses-3\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uses-5\"><\/span>Uses<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Drug analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poison identification<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pharmaceutical examination<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plant toxin analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chemical comparison<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-advantages-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages-3\"><\/span>Advantages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Simple procedure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fast analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Multiple samples can be tested simultaneously<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cost-effective<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-importance-4\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance-6\"><\/span>Importance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HPTLC is widely used for screening and comparison of substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-comparison-of-modern-forensic-gadgets\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparison_of_Modern_Forensic_Gadgets\"><\/span>Comparison of Modern Forensic Gadgets<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Instrument<\/th><th>Main Use<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Polygraph<\/td><td>Records physiological responses during questioning<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Video Spectral Comparator (VSC)<\/td><td>Reveals erased writing, altered text, forged signatures, hidden inks, and currency tampering<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GC-MS<\/td><td>Identification of drugs, poisons, explosives, and chemicals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UV-Visible Spectrophotometer<\/td><td>Chemical analysis and concentration measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HPLC<\/td><td>Separation and analysis of drugs and poisons<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FTIR<\/td><td>Identification of unknown substances using infrared patterns<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HPTLC<\/td><td>Separation and comparison of chemical compounds<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-advantages-of-modern-forensic-instruments\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_Modern_Forensic_Instruments\"><\/span>Advantages of Modern Forensic Instruments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>High accuracy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fast analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scientific reliability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detection of minute quantities<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reduced human error<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Better evidence interpretation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strong support for criminal investigations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-role-in-criminal-investigation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_in_Criminal_Investigation\"><\/span>Role in Criminal Investigation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern gadgets help investigators:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify criminals and victims.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detect drugs, poisons, and explosives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Examine questioned documents.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Analyse biological samples.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investigate arson and explosion cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Link suspects to crime scenes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provide scientific evidence in court.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-evidentiary-value\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evidentiary_Value\"><\/span>Evidentiary Value<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In State of Maharashtra v. Damu (2000), the Supreme Court ruled that forensic reports require expert testimony to be admissible under Section 45, Evidence Act \u2013 now Section 39 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. While Damu addressed medical reports, later landmarks like Selvi (2010) and Mukesh (2017) formally validated modern gadgets (GC-MS, polygraph), requiring strict chain-of-custody and validation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern forensic instruments such as polygraphs, video spectral comparators (VSC), GC-MS, UV-visible spectrophotometers, HPLC, FTIR, and HPTLC have greatly improved criminal investigations. These gadgets help forensic experts analyse evidence accurately, identify unknown substances, detect forgery, examine drugs and poisons, and provide reliable scientific results. Their use has made forensic science more efficient, accurate, and valuable in the administration of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/polygraph-test-in-india-constitutional-validity-under-articles-203-and-21\/\">Polygraph test in India: Constitutional Validity under Articles 20(3) and 21<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/polygraph-examination-the-psychophysiology-of-deception-detection\/\">Polygraph Examination: The Psychophysiology of Deception Detection<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-triad-of-truth-and-self-a-neuropsychological-analysis-of-polygraphy-narcissism-and-brain-mapping\/\">The Triad of Truth and Self: A Neuropsychological Analysis of Polygraphy, Narcissism, and Brain Mapping<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fair-use-in-copyright-law-balancing-innovation-and-protection\/\">Fair Use in Copyright Law: Balancing Innovation and Protection<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/misuse-ai-deepfake-technology-challenge-to-privacy-criminal-law-india\/\">Misuse Of AI And Deepfake Technology: A Challenge To Privacy And Criminal Law In India<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Modern forensic science depends heavily on scientific instruments and advanced technology. These modern gadgets help forensic experts identify substances, analyse evidence, detect drugs and poisons, examine documents, and solve criminal cases accurately. The use of modern instruments makes investigations faster, more reliable, and scientifically sound. These gadgets help laboratories provide strong evidence for courts<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[4798],"class_list":["post-30180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-criminal-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Analytical Instrumentation: Principles of GC-MS, UV-VIS, HPLC, FTIR, HPTLC, and Infrared SAM - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover modern forensic science gadgets, their uses, working principles, and role in criminal investigation, evidence analysis, and courts.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Analytical Instrumentation: Principles of GC-MS, UV-VIS, HPLC, FTIR, HPTLC, and Infrared SAM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover modern forensic science gadgets, their uses, working principles, and role in criminal investigation, evidence analysis, and courts.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/analytical-instrumentation-principles-of-gc-ms-uv-vis-hplc-ftir-hptlc-and-infrared-sam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-16T07:18:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-16T07:21:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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