{"id":30732,"date":"2026-08-20T07:50:35","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T07:50:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=30732"},"modified":"2026-08-20T07:56:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T07:56:42","slug":"encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/","title":{"rendered":"Encashable Criminal Offences in India: How Criminal Liability Is Becoming Monetized"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-abstract\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abstract\"><\/span>Abstract<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This paper interrogates the emerging phenomenon of \u201cencashable criminal offences\u201d in India, where acts traditionally defined as criminal \u2014 medical negligence, non-penetrative sexual assault, statutory rape under POCSO, and coercive post-partum protest dharnas \u2014 are increasingly monetised through civil suits, settlements, and public spectacle. By default rather than design, criminal liability is transformed into financial transactions, eroding deterrence and distorting justice.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Abstract\" >Abstract<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#%E2%80%98Encashable_Criminal_Offences_A_Troubling_Reality\" >\u2018Encashable Criminal Offences\u2019: A Troubling Reality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Medical_Negligence_And_The_Monetisation_Of_Criminal_Liability\" >Medical Negligence And The Monetisation Of Criminal Liability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Critical_Analysis_Of_%E2%80%9CEncashable_Criminal_Offences%E2%80%9D\" >Critical Analysis Of \u201cEncashable Criminal Offences\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Medical_Negligence_as_an_Encashable_Offence\" >Medical Negligence as an Encashable Offence<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Critique\" >Critique<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Non-Penetrative_Sexual_AssaultRape\" >Non-Penetrative Sexual Assault\/Rape<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Critique-2\" >Critique<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Substantiation_Why_%E2%80%9CEncashable%E2%80%9D_Fits\" >Substantiation: Why \u201cEncashable\u201d Fits<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Bottom_Line\" >Bottom Line<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Another_Example_of_%E2%80%98Encashable_Criminal_Negligence_Sit-In_Protest_DharnaGherav\" >Another Example of \u2018Encashable Criminal Negligence\u2019: Sit-In Protest (Dharna\/Gherav)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Nature_of_the_Practice\" >Nature of the Practice<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Critique-3\" >Critique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Substantiation\" >Substantiation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Bottom_Line-2\" >Bottom Line<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Non-Penetrative_Sexual_Offences_and_Statutory_Rape_Under_POCSO\" >Non-Penetrative Sexual Offences and Statutory Rape Under POCSO<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Non-Penetrative_Sexual_Offences\" >Non-Penetrative Sexual Offences<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Legal_Position\" >Legal Position<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Critique-4\" >Critique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Substantiation-2\" >Substantiation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Statutory_Rape_Under_POCSO\" >Statutory Rape Under POCSO<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Legal_Position-2\" >Legal Position<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Critique-5\" >Critique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Substantiation-3\" >Substantiation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#The_Paradox\" >The Paradox<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Encashment_Cycle\" >Encashment Cycle<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Bottom_Line-3\" >Bottom Line<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encashable-criminal-offences-india-monetization-criminal-liability\/#Concluding_Plea\" >Concluding Plea<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medical negligence, though criminal under IPC, is routinely pursued under the Consumer Protection Act, converting adverse outcomes into lucrative compensation claims. Physicians, in turn, offset liability by inflating charges, perpetuating a cycle of monetisation. Similarly, inappropriate touching, equated with penetrative assault, becomes a reputational weapon in elite feminist movements, often resolved through financial settlements amplified by media spectacle. Statutory rape provisions under POCSO criminalise consensual adolescent intimacy, enabling coercive use by families and communities. Most disturbing is the practice of sit-in protests with deceased bodies in maternal deaths, where compensation is extracted on the spot under public and media pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Together, these practices reveal a systemic drift: criminal offences are commodified, justice is privatised, and deterrence is undermined. The paper calls for calibrated reforms \u2014 medical audit panels, victim compensation boards, proportionality in sexual offence laws, and structured grievance redressal \u2014 to restore balance between accountability, deterrence, and fairness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-encashable-criminal-offences-a-troubling-reality\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Encashable_Criminal_Offences_A_Troubling_Reality\"><\/span>\u2018Encashable Criminal Offences\u2019: A Troubling Reality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u2018Encashable criminal offences<\/strong>&#8216;<strong>\u2019,<\/strong>&#8216;<strong> sounds odd but is unfortunately a fact of life in the country today. Offences that have become encashable by default rather than by design. The two classical examples are medical negligence and non-penetrative sexual assault\/rape.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-medical-negligence-and-the-monetisation-of-criminal-liability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Medical_Negligence_And_The_Monetisation_Of_Criminal_Liability\"><\/span>Medical Negligence And The Monetisation Of Criminal Liability<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Medical negligence causes bodily harm and, therefore, is a criminal offence. However, a privileged class of patients, under the CPA Act, who have paid for the treatment, can, rather always do, file a civil suit to claim compensation for the alleged criminal offence. It has, by default, become a lucrative business. Any adverse outcome of a patient\u2019s treatment, for which the patient has paid a contractual amount, can be alleged to be a criminal compensable legal proposition. A physician for his negligent act is \u2018punished\u2019 by awarding penal compensation to be paid to the injured patient or his relatives. However, in fact this does not operate to penalise the treating physician, who in turn converts it into an encashable proposition by a lucrative increase in the charges of treatment for all future patients; thus, a criminal offence, by default, ends in lucrative monetary gain for both the claimant-patient and the treating physicians.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-critical-analysis-of-encashable-criminal-offences\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critical_Analysis_Of_%E2%80%9CEncashable_Criminal_Offences%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Critical Analysis Of \u201cEncashable Criminal Offences\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You\u2019ve raised a sharp and unsettling observation \u2014 the phenomenon of <strong>\u201cencashable criminal offences\u201d<\/strong> \u2014 where acts that are criminal in nature morph into civil, compensable claims, creating a cycle of monetisation rather than deterrence. Let\u2019s unpack, critique, and substantiate this idea in the context of medical negligence and non-penetrative sexual assault.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-medical-negligence-as-an-encashable-offence\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Medical_Negligence_as_an_Encashable_Offence\"><\/span>Medical Negligence as an Encashable Offence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Criminal Nature:<\/strong> Bodily harm caused by negligence is punishable under IPC provisions (e.g., Sections 304A, 337, 338).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Civil Overlay via CPA:<\/strong> Patients who pay for treatment can simultaneously pursue compensation under the Consumer Protection Act. This duality converts a criminal wrong into a civil \u201cbusiness proposition&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cycle of Monetisation:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Claimant Side:<\/strong> Adverse outcomes are framed as negligence, with litigation promising \u201cjackpot\u201d compensation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Physician Side:<\/strong> To offset risk, doctors inflate charges, pass indemnity insurance costs onto patients, and practise defensive medicine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Result:<\/strong> The offence ceases to be penal in spirit; it becomes a financial transaction where both sides extract monetary value.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-critique\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critique\"><\/span>Critique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The deterrent function of criminal law is diluted. Instead of disciplining negligence, the system incentivises litigation and price inflation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The poor, ironically, are excluded \u2014 they cannot afford litigation or inflated healthcare costs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Professional autonomy is eroded, as physicians treat every patient as a potential litigant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-non-penetrative-sexual-assault-rape\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Non-Penetrative_Sexual_AssaultRape\"><\/span>Non-Penetrative Sexual Assault\/Rape<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Criminal Nature:<\/strong> Acts of sexual assault, even without penetration, are serious offences under IPC and POCSO.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Civil Encashment:<\/strong> Increasingly, settlements and compensation awards are negotiated outside or alongside criminal proceedings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cycle of Monetisation:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Victims (or families) may accept monetary settlements in lieu of pursuing full criminal prosecution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Accused individuals, especially from privileged backgrounds, convert criminal liability into financial payouts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The offence, instead of being punished as a violation of bodily autonomy and dignity, is commodified into a negotiable sum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-critique-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critique-2\"><\/span>Critique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Justice is privatised \u2014 reduced to bargaining power rather than moral accountability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The deterrent effect of criminal law is undermined; offenders calculate financial risk rather than fear punishment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Victims may be pressured into settlements, perpetuating inequality and silencing genuine grievances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-substantiation-why-encashable-fits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Substantiation_Why_%E2%80%9CEncashable%E2%80%9D_Fits\"><\/span>Substantiation: Why \u201cEncashable\u201d Fits<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Default, Not Design:<\/strong> Neither CPA nor criminal law intended this monetisation. It emerged as a by-product of systemic inefficiency, litigation delays, and risk management economics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Structural Incentives:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Courts take years; compensation offers immediate relief.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hospitals embed litigation risk into pricing models.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lawyers encourage civil suits for lucrative damages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Social Fallout:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trust deficit between doctor and patient, victim and system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Commodification of dignity and bodily harm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Escalation of costs and erosion of deterrence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-bottom-line\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bottom_Line\"><\/span>Bottom Line<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEncashable criminal offences\u201d is not just a phrase \u2014 it captures a <strong>distortion of justice<\/strong> where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Criminal liability<\/strong> is sidestepped,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Civil compensation<\/strong> becomes the dominant narrative, and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Economic gain<\/strong> replaces moral accountability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medical negligence and non-penetrative sexual assault exemplify how offences meant to deter wrongdoing are transformed into <strong>lucrative exchanges<\/strong>, benefiting claimants, physicians, and sometimes even offenders \u2014 but corroding the very foundations of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-another-example-of-encashable-criminal-negligence-sit-in-protest-dharna-gherav\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Another_Example_of_%E2%80%98Encashable_Criminal_Negligence_Sit-In_Protest_DharnaGherav\"><\/span>Another Example of \u2018Encashable Criminal Negligence\u2019: Sit-In Protest (Dharna\/Gherav)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Another example of \u2018encashable criminal negligence\u2019 is widely adopted and more disturbing, sit-in protest (dharna\/gherav), with or without the dead body, in cases of postpartum (usually normal vaginal delivery) or post-emergency caesarean deaths (seriously ill patients), demanding on-the-spot compensation. A police complaint for alleged criminal negligence is resorted to simultaneously to coerce the obstetrician and the hospital management. Also, the emotive nature of the case attracts ready visual media coverage and public support, as was the case of post-caesarean deaths recently reported from some peripheral hospitals of Rajasthan.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You\u2019ve identified a particularly troubling manifestation of <strong>\u201cencashable criminal negligence\u201d<\/strong> \u2014 the practice of sit-in protests (dharna\/gherav), often staged with the deceased\u2019s body, demanding immediate compensation while simultaneously filing police complaints of alleged criminal negligence. Let\u2019s critique, elaborate, and substantiate this phenomenon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-nature-of-the-practice\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nature_of_the_Practice\"><\/span>Nature of the Practice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Immediate Coercion:<\/strong> Families and supporters demand \u201con-the-spot\u201d compensation before any investigation or medical audit can establish cause of death.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dual Pressure:<\/strong> A police complaint alleging criminal negligence is lodged simultaneously, creating legal jeopardy for the obstetrician and hospital.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Media Amplification:<\/strong> The emotive spectacle \u2014 grieving relatives, a body at the hospital gate, slogans \u2014 attracts instant visual coverage and public sympathy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Recent Example:<\/strong> Post-caesarean deaths in Rajasthan\u2019s peripheral hospitals were framed in this way, magnifying outrage before root-cause analysis could be conducted.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-critique-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critique-3\"><\/span>Critique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Justice Short-Circuited<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Criminal negligence is presumed without investigation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compensation becomes a bargaining chip rather than a judicially determined remedy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Encashment by Default<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hospitals, under siege, often pay \u201csettlement\u201d amounts to defuse protests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This transforms a criminal allegation into a financial transaction, bypassing courts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perverse Incentives<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Families may be encouraged by local leaders or activists to stage dharnas for quick payouts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hospitals anticipate such coercion and factor it into pricing, raising costs for all patients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Erosion of Professional Morale<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Obstetricians, already dealing with high-risk emergency cases, face reputational damage and fear of mob justice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defensive medicine and avoidance of risky cases become the norm, harming maternal care access.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-substantiation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Substantiation\"><\/span>Substantiation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sociological Dimension:<\/strong> In India, public protest is a recognised mode of grievance redressal. But when applied to medical deaths, it weaponises grief into financial leverage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legal Dimension:<\/strong> Filing a police complaint alongside a dharna creates a dual track \u2014 criminal liability and civil compensation \u2014 both encashable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Economic Dimension:<\/strong> Hospitals often capitulate to avoid violence or closure, treating payouts as the \u201ccost of doing business&#8221;. This normalises encashment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ethical Dimension:<\/strong> The dignity of the deceased is compromised when bodies are used as bargaining tools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-bottom-line-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bottom_Line-2\"><\/span>Bottom Line<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This practice exemplifies how <strong>criminal negligence allegations are monetised by coercion and spectacle<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The deterrent purpose of criminal law is undermined.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compensation is extracted without due process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Physicians and hospitals adapt by inflating costs, perpetuating the cycle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is more disturbing than courtroom encashment because it <strong>operates outside formal legal structures<\/strong>, relying on public emotion, media pressure, and mob coercion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-non-penetrative-sexual-offences-and-statutory-rape-under-pocso\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Non-Penetrative_Sexual_Offences_and_Statutory_Rape_Under_POCSO\"><\/span>Non-Penetrative Sexual Offences and Statutory Rape Under POCSO<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Similarly, by equating inappropriate touching of a female body part as a non-penetrative sexual offence, equal to penetrative sexual assault, it has, by default, in the hands of the \u2018me too\u2019 elite feminist movement, turned it into a lucrative extortion proposition, especially by making it a highly visible media-hyped spectacle. The concept of statutory rape, under the POCSO Act, of all consensual sexual acts amongst adolescents, is another coercive provision. True, though, that the heinous crime of sexual assault on children, on a sharp rise in the country, is being severely punished.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You\u2019ve touched on two highly contentious areas \u2014 <strong>non-penetrative sexual offences under IPC\/POCSO<\/strong> and <strong>statutory rape provisions under POCSO<\/strong> \u2014 both of which illustrate how criminal law can, in practice, be <strong>coercively encashed or <\/strong>weaponised. Let\u2019s critique, elaborate, and substantiate this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-non-penetrative-sexual-offences\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Non-Penetrative_Sexual_Offences\"><\/span>Non-Penetrative Sexual Offences<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-legal-position\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Position\"><\/span>Legal Position<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IPC and POCSO define inappropriate touching of sexual body parts as \u201csexual assault&#8221;, even without penetration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The law equates it in seriousness with penetrative assault in terms of stigma, though punishments differ in degree.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-critique-2\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critique-4\"><\/span>Critique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dilution of Gravity:<\/strong> Equating inappropriate touching with penetrative assault risks conflating vastly different harms. This can trivialise the trauma of penetrative rape while simultaneously exaggerating minor misconduct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Encashment Potential:<\/strong> In the hands of high-visibility movements (e.g., MeToo), allegations of inappropriate touching can become <strong>media-hyped spectacles<\/strong>. The accused, fearing reputational ruin, may settle financially rather than contest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Extortion Risk:<\/strong> The imbalance of power \u2014 where accusation alone destroys careers \u2014 creates scope for misuse as a lucrative proposition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-substantiation-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Substantiation-2\"><\/span>Substantiation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Globally, debates exist about the proportionality of punishment for non-penetrative acts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In India, courts have occasionally struggled to distinguish between \u201coutraging modesty\u201d (IPC 354) and \u201csexual assault\u201d under POCSO, leading to inconsistent outcomes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Media amplification magnifies the coercive potential \u2014 reputational damage is immediate, and financial settlement becomes the pragmatic escape.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-statutory-rape-under-pocso\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Statutory_Rape_Under_POCSO\"><\/span>Statutory Rape Under POCSO<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-legal-position-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Position-2\"><\/span>Legal Position<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Any sexual act with a person under 18 is automatically &#8220;rape\/assault&#8221;, regardless of consent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consent of adolescents is legally void ab initio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-critique-3\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critique-5\"><\/span>Critique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Biological vs. Legal Reality:<\/strong> Adolescents post-puberty often engage in consensual intimacy. Criminalising all such acts ignores biological and social norms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Coercive Provision:<\/strong> Families or communities can weaponise POCSO to punish relationships they disapprove of, especially across caste\/class lines.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Encashment Potential:<\/strong> Allegations of statutory rape can be leveraged for compensation, settlements, or coercive bargaining.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-substantiation-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Substantiation-3\"><\/span>Substantiation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Judicial unease is evident: many POCSO cases involve consensual adolescent couples, yet the boy is prosecuted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Law Commission and child rights groups have debated lowering the age of consent to 16, aligning with global norms (UK, Canada, Australia).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In practice, POCSO prosecutions often collapse or convert into negotiated settlements, reinforcing the \u201cencashable\u201d dynamic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-the-paradox\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Paradox\"><\/span>The Paradox<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>True Protection:<\/strong> Heinous crimes of sexual assault on children are rightly punished severely \u2014 and rising incidence justifies strong statutory safeguards.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Collateral Effect:<\/strong> By equating inappropriate touching with penetrative assault and by criminalising consensual adolescent intimacy, the law creates <strong>zones of coercion and <\/strong>monetisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-encashment-cycle\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Encashment_Cycle\"><\/span>Encashment Cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Allegation \u2192 Media spectacle \u2192 Reputational damage \u2192 Financial settlement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Criminal liability morphs into civil encashment, bypassing deterrence and due process.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-bottom-line-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bottom_Line-3\"><\/span>Bottom Line<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Your phrase <strong>\u201cencashable criminal offences\u201d<\/strong> captures the distortion:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Non-penetrative sexual assault<\/strong> becomes a reputational weapon, monetised through settlements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Statutory rape under POCSO<\/strong> criminalises consensual adolescent intimacy, enabling coercive use by families or communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While heinous child sexual assaults are rightly punished, the <strong>overbreadth of definitions<\/strong> creates fertile ground for extortion and encashment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-concluding-plea\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concluding_Plea\"><\/span>Concluding Plea<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The phenomenon of <strong>\u201cencashable criminal offences\u201d<\/strong> reveals a systemic distortion where criminal liability is routinely converted into financial transactions, coercive settlements, or media spectacles. Whether in medical negligence claims, post-partum protest dharnas, non-penetrative sexual assault allegations, or statutory rape prosecutions under POCSO, the deterrent purpose of criminal law is undermined, justice is privatised, and dignity is commodified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To restore balance, reforms must be urgently pursued: <strong>independent medical audit panels<\/strong> to assess negligence before compensation, <strong>structured victim compensation boards<\/strong> to prevent mob coercion, <strong>graded proportionality in sexual offence laws<\/strong> distinguishing misconduct from heinous assault, and <strong>recalibration of statutory rape provisions<\/strong> to protect children without criminalising consensual adolescent intimacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only by embedding such safeguards can India move from a culture of encashment to one of accountability, fairness, and genuine justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Written By: Dr Shri Gopal Kabra <\/strong>&#8211; MBBS, LLB, MSc, MS (Anatomy), MS (Surgery)<br>Director, Clinical Services, Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital, Jaipur-302017<br>Email: <a href=\"mailto:kabrasg@hotmail.com\">kabrasg@hotmail.com<\/a>, Ph no: 8003516198<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/bank-liability-forged-cheques-india\/\">Are Banks Liable for Negligently Encashing Cheques with Forged Signatures?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/emergency-management-of-life-threatening-crisis-is-too-technically-complex-for-the-outcome-to-be-amenable-to-lay-adjudication\/\">Emergency Management Of Life-Threatening Crisis Is Too Technically Complex For The Outcome To Be Amenable To Lay Adjudication<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/time-limitation-in-pocso-reporting-should-delay-in-complaints-be-a-barrier-to-justice\/\">Time limitation in POCSO reporting: should a delay in complaints be a barrier to justice?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/misuse-of-pocso-in-matrimonial-disputes-supreme-court-warns-against-false-child-abuse-allegations-in-family-litigation\/\">Misuse of POCSO in Matrimonial Disputes: Supreme Court Warns Against False Child Abuse Allegations in Family Litigation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/sexual-rights-sexual-norms-laws-india\/\">Sex Norms Across Cultures: Historical Foundations, Religious Influences, and Contemporary Shifts<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract This paper interrogates the emerging phenomenon of \u201cencashable criminal offences\u201d in India, where acts traditionally defined as criminal \u2014 medical negligence, non-penetrative sexual assault, statutory rape under POCSO, and coercive post-partum protest dharnas \u2014 are increasingly monetised through civil suits, settlements, and public spectacle. By default rather than design, criminal liability is transformed into<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":10837,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[921,28],"class_list":["post-30732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-medico-legal","tag-medico-legal","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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