{"id":30867,"date":"2026-08-23T07:18:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T07:18:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=30867"},"modified":"2026-08-23T07:22:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T07:22:19","slug":"fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"When the Informant Speaks from Beyond: Can an FIR Be Treated as a Dying Declaration?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An FIR is ordinarily not substantive evidence. Its principal purpose is to set the criminal law in motion and, subject to the rules of evidence, to corroborate or contradict the informant&#8217;s subsequent testimony. The position becomes more complex when the informant dies before entering the witness box.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023\/#Statutory_Foundation\" >Statutory Foundation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023\/#When_Can_an_FIR_Become_a_Dying_Declaration\" >When Can an FIR Become a Dying Declaration?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023\/#Three_Basic_Situations\" >Three Basic Situations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023\/#Judicial_Approach\" >Judicial Approach<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023\/#Essential_Judicial_Checks\" >Essential Judicial Checks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023\/#Practical_Implications_for_Prosecution_and_Defense_if_the_Informant_Dies_Before_Trial\" >Practical Implications for Prosecution and Defense if the Informant Dies Before Trial<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-as-dying-declaration-section-26-bsa-2023\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The crucial question is, does the death of the informant automatically transform the FIR into a dying declaration? The answer is no. The decisive considerations are the cause of death, the contents of the statement, the circumstances in which it was made, and the statutory requirements governing dying declarations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-statutory-foundation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Statutory_Foundation\"><\/span>Statutory Foundation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 26(a) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA), a statement made by a person who has died is relevant when it relates to the cause of death or the circumstances of the transaction that resulted in the death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Importantly, the maker need not necessarily have been under an expectation of imminent death when the statement was made. What matters is the nexus between the statement and the death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Thus:<\/strong> Death + Relevant Statement + Causal Nexus = Potential Dying Declaration<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-when-can-an-fir-become-a-dying-declaration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_Can_an_FIR_Become_a_Dying_Declaration\"><\/span>When Can an FIR Become a Dying Declaration?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fact that a document is titled an \u201cFIR\u201d does not, by itself, prevent it from being considered a dying declaration. If the FIR was personally made or dictated by the injured informant and the informant subsequently dies from the injuries or transaction referred to in the statement, the FIR may be treated as a dying declaration, provided the requirements of Section 26(a) are satisfied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court must nevertheless carefully examine authorship, authenticity, mental fitness, voluntariness, absence of tutoring or coercion, causal connection with death, and consistency with medical and other evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-three-basic-situations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Three_Basic_Situations\"><\/span>Three Basic Situations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Situation<\/th><th>Evidentiary Position<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>The informant dies from injuries arising from the incident.<\/td><td>FIR may qualify as a dying declaration if the statutory requirements are satisfied and may constitute substantive evidence.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The informant dies from an unrelated cause.<\/td><td>Death does not convert the FIR into a dying declaration. Its contents cannot become substantive evidence merely because the informant subsequently died.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The informant survives.<\/td><td>FIR ordinarily remains relevant for corroboration or contradiction and is not substantive evidence of the facts stated in it.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-judicial-approach\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_Approach\"><\/span>Judicial Approach<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court has consistently clarified the evidentiary status of an FIR lodged by an injured informant who later dies. In Thulia Kali v. State of Tamil Nadu (1972), it stressed the importance of prompt FIRs to avoid fabrication, while in Meharaj Singh v. State of U.P. (1994), it held that deliberate ante-timing destroys the FIR\u2019s evidentiary utility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More specifically, in Sita Ram v. State of Himachal Pradesh (2025 INSC 359), the Court recognized that an FIR made by an injured person who subsequently dies from those injuries may be treated as a dying declaration under Section 32(1) of the Evidence Act (now Section 26 of the BSA), even without an expectation of imminent death, provided it relates to the cause of death or the circumstances of the transaction resulting in death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, in Dayaram &amp; Anr. v. State of M.P. (2019), the Court upheld a conviction under Section 302 IPC (now Section 103 (1) of the BNS) by treating the FIR lodged by the deceased as the first dying declaration, finding it consistent, voluntary, and corroborated by medical evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Together, these rulings establish that the substance of the statement, its causal link to death, and its reliability are decisive in determining whether an FIR can acquire the character of a dying declaration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-essential-judicial-checks\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Essential_Judicial_Checks\"><\/span>Essential Judicial Checks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before relying on an FIR as a dying declaration, the court should consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Authorship:<\/strong> Was it made by the deceased personally or at his\/her direction?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mental Fitness:<\/strong> Was the maker conscious and mentally fit?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Voluntariness:<\/strong> Was the statement voluntary and free from tutoring or coercion?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Recording:<\/strong> Was the statement properly recorded and authenticated?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Causal Connection:<\/strong> Is there a clear causal connection between the statement and the death?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Statutory Scope:<\/strong> Does the statement relate to the cause of death or the transaction resulting in death?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Corroboration:<\/strong> Is it consistent with medical, forensic, and surrounding evidence?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inherent Credibility:<\/strong> Does the statement inspire confidence and appear reliable?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-practical-implications-for-prosecution-and-defense-if-the-informant-dies-before-trial\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_Implications_for_Prosecution_and_Defense_if_the_Informant_Dies_Before_Trial\"><\/span>Practical Implications for Prosecution and Defense if the Informant Dies Before Trial<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In practice, the death of the informant does not halt criminal proceedings, but it fundamentally alters the evidentiary status of the FIR. Investigating officers must meticulously preserve the original document, verifying signatures, thumb impressions, precise timestamps, and medical fitness records. Because the accused loses the right to cross-examine the maker, courts subject such an FIR to heightened scrutiny for signs of ante-timing, embellishment, or tutoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the prosecution relies solely on the FIR and it fails to qualify as a valid dying declaration or lacks independent corroboration, the case will collapse, leading to an acquittal. Ultimately, the informant&#8217;s death does not terminate the trial; rather, it elevates the FIR&#8217;s evidentiary value only when a direct causal nexus exists between the incident and the death, transforming the document into a potential dying declaration of substantive weight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Death alone does not turn an FIR into a dying declaration. If an injured informant files an FIR about the incident and later dies from those injuries, the FIR may be treated as a dying declaration under Section 26(a) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, provided legal conditions are met. The key principle is that courts look at the substance of the statement, its link to the death, and its reliability. This ensures that a victim\u2019s final account retains evidentiary value while protecting the accused from untested or hearsay allegations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/what-is-fir\/\">What is FIR<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/zero-fir-under-bnss-2023-meaning-procedure-police-duties-legal-rights-explained\/\">Zero FIR Under BNSS 2023: Meaning, Procedure, Police Duties &amp; Legal Rights Explained<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/\">Difference Between FIR Registration Provisions Under Section 154 CrPC &amp; Section 173 BNSS: A Comprehensive Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/discharge-of-torts\/\">Discharge of Torts<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/dying-declarations-under-bharatiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-2023-legal-provisions-case-law-and-evidentiary-value-in-criminal-trials\/\">Dying Declarations Under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Legal Provisions, Case Law, and Evidentiary Value in Criminal Trials<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction An FIR is ordinarily not substantive evidence. Its principal purpose is to set the criminal law in motion and, subject to the rules of evidence, to corroborate or contradict the informant&#8217;s subsequent testimony. The position becomes more complex when the informant dies before entering the witness box. The crucial question is, does the death<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[4798],"class_list":["post-30867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-criminal-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>When the Informant Speaks from Beyond: Can an FIR Be Treated as a Dying Declaration? - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Can an FIR become a dying declaration? 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Key Rules Under Section 26 BSA\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/\",\"name\":\"Legal Service India - Law Articles\",\"description\":\"Legal Service India - Law Article Directory is the oldest in India since 2000, with thousands of article written by lawyers, law Students and Scholars on all branches of law\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Legal Service India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logo-circle-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logo-circle-1.png\",\"width\":105,\"height\":95,\"caption\":\"Legal Service India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/legalservicesind\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legalserviceind\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@LegalServiceIndia-lsi\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/23f17916b2032842e5ccd9cb51dfc156\",\"name\":\"Md. Imran Wahab\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Md. Imran Wahab\"},\"description\":\"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/author\\\/md-imranwahab\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"When the Informant Speaks from Beyond: Can an FIR Be Treated as a Dying Declaration? - Legal Service India - Articles","description":"Can an FIR become a dying declaration? 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He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. 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