{"id":30990,"date":"2026-08-29T04:51:19","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T04:51:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=30990"},"modified":"2026-08-29T04:53:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T04:53:40","slug":"legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal Framework Governing FIRs Under India\u2019s New Criminal Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 id=\"h-fir-procedure-under-bns-bnss-and-bsa-electronic-complaints-zero-fir-and-evidentiary-value\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FIR_Procedure_Under_BNS_BNSS_and_BSA_Electronic_Complaints_Zero_FIR_and_Evidentiary_Value\"><\/span>FIR Procedure Under BNS, BNSS and BSA: Electronic Complaints, Zero FIR and Evidentiary Value<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">India\u2019s new criminal-law framework\u2014the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)\u2014modernises the law relating to First Information Reports (FIRs) by expressly accommodating electronic communication and digital evidence. Together, the three statutes create an integrated framework governing the offence reported, the procedure for registering information, and the evidentiary use of the FIR.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#FIR_Procedure_Under_BNS_BNSS_and_BSA_Electronic_Complaints_Zero_FIR_and_Evidentiary_Value\" >FIR Procedure Under BNS, BNSS and BSA: Electronic Complaints, Zero FIR and Evidentiary Value<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#The_Tripartite_Statutory_Framework\" >The Tripartite Statutory Framework<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#Electronic_and_Telephonic_Communications_When_Does_an_FIR_Arise\" >Electronic and Telephonic Communications: When Does an FIR Arise?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#Cryptic_or_Vague_Distress_Calls\" >Cryptic or Vague Distress Calls<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#Detailed_and_Identifiable_Communications\" >Detailed and Identifiable Communications<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#Zero_FIR_and_Territorial_Jurisdiction\" >Zero FIR and Territorial Jurisdiction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#Evidentiary_Position_Under_the_BSA\" >Evidentiary Position Under the BSA<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#Preservation_of_Electronic_Records\" >Preservation of Electronic Records<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#Practical_Police_Procedure\" >Practical Police Procedure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-the-tripartite-statutory-framework\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Tripartite_Statutory_Framework\"><\/span>The Tripartite Statutory Framework<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The BNS determines whether the facts disclosed constitute a criminal offence; the BNSS regulates the receipt and registration of information, including electronic complaints and Zero FIRs; and the BSA governs the evidentiary use of the FIR and associated electronic records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Statute<\/th><th>Primary Role<\/th><th>Relevance to FIRs<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS)<\/strong><\/td><td>Substantive criminal law<\/td><td>Determines whether the disclosed facts constitute a criminal offence.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)<\/strong><\/td><td>Criminal procedure<\/td><td>Regulates the receipt and registration of information, including electronic complaints and Zero FIRs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)<\/strong><\/td><td>Law of evidence<\/td><td>Governs the evidentiary use of the FIR and associated electronic records.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 173 BNSS, information relating to a cognisable offence may be given irrespective of the territorial jurisdiction of the police station. Information communicated electronically must be authenticated by the informant in accordance with the statutory requirement, including the prescribed three-day period. This facilitates prompt reporting while preserving safeguards against unauthenticated complaints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-electronic-and-telephonic-communications-when-does-an-fir-arise\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electronic_and_Telephonic_Communications_When_Does_an_FIR_Arise\"><\/span>Electronic and Telephonic Communications: When Does an FIR Arise?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mere fact that information is communicated by telephone, SMS, email, or another electronic medium does not automatically make it an FIR. The substance of the communication remains decisive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-cryptic-or-vague-distress-calls\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cryptic_or_Vague_Distress_Calls\"><\/span>Cryptic or Vague Distress Calls<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cryptic or vague distress call, such as a brief request for police assistance, ordinarily serves as information requiring immediate police response and station-diary recording rather than constituting the FIR itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-detailed-and-identifiable-communications\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Detailed_and_Identifiable_Communications\"><\/span>Detailed and Identifiable Communications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conversely, a detailed and identifiable communication that discloses the essential facts of a cognisable offence may form the basis of an FIR when the statutory requirements are satisfied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, the legal test focuses principally on whether the communication contains sufficient information regarding a cognisable offence and whether it can be properly attributed and authenticated to the informant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-zero-fir-and-territorial-jurisdiction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zero_FIR_and_Territorial_Jurisdiction\"><\/span>Zero FIR and Territorial Jurisdiction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A significant procedural development under the BNSS is the express recognition of reporting irrespective of the area in which the offence was committed. Consequently, a police station cannot ordinarily refuse to receive information merely because the alleged offence falls outside its territorial jurisdiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where appropriate, the receiving police station may register the information as a Zero FIR, take necessary immediate measures\u2014particularly where life, safety, or evidence is at risk\u2014and subsequently transfer the matter to the police station having territorial jurisdiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-evidentiary-position-under-the-bsa\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evidentiary_Position_Under_the_BSA\"><\/span>Evidentiary Position Under the BSA<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An FIR is primarily a procedural document and is not, by itself, substantive evidence of the truth of every fact stated in it. Its evidentiary significance arises principally in relation to the testimony of the informant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the BSA, an earlier statement may be used for corroboration or contradiction, subject to the statutory requirements. Accordingly, an electronically recorded or transmitted FIR may become important at trial for assessing consistency, omissions, embellishments, and contradictions in subsequent testimony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-preservation-of-electronic-records\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preservation_of_Electronic_Records\"><\/span>Preservation of Electronic Records<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Electronic records should also be preserved with appropriate safeguards, including relevant timestamps, audit trails, metadata, and other information necessary to establish their authenticity and integrity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-practical-police-procedure\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_Police_Procedure\"><\/span>Practical Police Procedure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Upon receiving telephonic or electronic information, police authorities should:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Record the communication promptly, including available identifying and transmission details.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Respond immediately to emergencies, particularly where there is an ongoing threat to life, bodily safety, or evidence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assess the substance of the information to determine whether it discloses a cognisable offence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Authenticate electronically supplied information in accordance with Section 173 BNSS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Register and investigate the case according to law, while preserving relevant physical and electronic evidence and complying with the applicable requirements concerning judicial transmission.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The new criminal-law framework moves the FIR procedure beyond a purely paper-based model. The BNS identifies the substantive offence, the BNSS provides the procedural mechanism for receiving and registering information\u2014including electronic complaints and Zero FIRs\u2014and the BSA regulates the evidentiary use of the resulting statements and electronic records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, the distinction between a preliminary distress alert and a legally cognisable FIR remains crucial. The medium of communication is therefore secondary to the content, authenticity, and statutory compliance of the information supplied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/standard-operating-procedure-for-zero-fir-registration\/\">Standard Operating Procedure for Zero FIR Registration<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/zero-fir-under-bnss-2023-meaning-procedure-police-duties-legal-rights-explained\/\">Zero FIR Under BNSS 2023: Meaning, Procedure, Police Duties &amp; Legal Rights Explained<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/filing-an-fir-from-abroad-electronic-reporting-zero-fir-and-legal-rights-under-bnss-2023\/\">Filing an FIR from Abroad: Electronic Reporting, Zero FIR, and Legal Rights Under BNSS, 2023<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/types-of-first-information-reports-firs-law-procedure-and-judicial-interpretation\/\">Types of First Information Reports (FIRs): Law, Procedure, and Judicial Interpretation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/examination-of-witnesses-under-bnss-2023-sections-179-180-181-182\/\">Examination of Witnesses by Police Under BNSS 2023: Sections 179-182 Explained with Procedure, Rights &amp; Case Law<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FIR Procedure Under BNS, BNSS and BSA: Electronic Complaints, Zero FIR and Evidentiary Value Introduction India\u2019s new criminal-law framework\u2014the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)\u2014modernises the law relating to First Information Reports (FIRs) by expressly accommodating electronic communication and digital evidence. Together, the three<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[4798],"class_list":["post-30990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-criminal-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Legal Framework Governing FIRs Under India\u2019s New Criminal Laws - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn FIR rules under BNS, BNSS and BSA, including electronic complaints, zero FIR, telephonic information and evidentiary value.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Legal Framework Governing FIRs Under India\u2019s New Criminal Laws\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn FIR rules under BNS, BNSS and BSA, including electronic complaints, zero FIR, telephonic information and evidentiary value.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-29T04:51:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-29T04:53:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. Imran Wahab\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legalserviceind\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@legalserviceind\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Md. Imran Wahab\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Md. 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Imran Wahab\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Md. Imran Wahab\"},\"description\":\"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/author\\\/md-imranwahab\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Legal Framework Governing FIRs Under India\u2019s New Criminal Laws - Legal Service India - Articles","description":"Learn FIR rules under BNS, BNSS and BSA, including electronic complaints, zero FIR, telephonic information and evidentiary value.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Legal Framework Governing FIRs Under India\u2019s New Criminal Laws","og_description":"Learn FIR rules under BNS, BNSS and BSA, including electronic complaints, zero FIR, telephonic information and evidentiary value.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-framework-governing-firs-under-indias-new-criminal-laws\/","og_site_name":"Legal Service India - Articles","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind","article_published_time":"2026-08-29T04:51:19+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-08-29T04:53:40+00:00","author":"Md. 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He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. 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