{"id":31554,"date":"2026-09-05T05:43:10","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T05:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=31554"},"modified":"2026-09-05T05:49:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T05:49:27","slug":"the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/","title":{"rendered":"The Role of State Sentence Review Boards in the Premature Release of Prisoners"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The release of convicted persons may take three forms: release on expiry of sentence, provisional or conditional release, and premature release. Premature release is the early release of a prisoner on compassionate or other specified grounds before the completion of the full term of imprisonment. It may be ordered by the President under Article 72 of the Constitution of India, by the Governor under Article 161, by the appropriate Government through remission or commutation under Sections 473 and 474 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), or under any special state law providing for release on probation of good conduct after a portion of the sentence has been served. The Supreme Court may also direct release by invoking its powers under Article 142 of the Constitution.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Types_of_ReliefRelease_Granted_to_Prisoners\" >Types of Relief\/Release Granted to Prisoners<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Appropriate_Government\" >Appropriate Government<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Constitutional_Powers_of_the_President_and_the_Governor\" >Constitutional Powers of the President and the Governor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Statutory_Powers_of_Remission_and_Commutation_under_BNSS\" >Statutory Powers of Remission and Commutation under BNSS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Section_473_BNSS\" >Section 473 BNSS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Section_474_BNSS\" >Section 474 BNSS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Restriction_under_Section_475_BNSS\" >Restriction under Section 475 BNSS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Process_of_Premature_Release\" >Process of Premature Release<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#No_Absolute_Right_to_Premature_Release\" >No Absolute Right to Premature Release<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#West_Bengal_State_Sentence_Review_Board_SSRB\" >West Bengal State Sentence Review Board (SSRB)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Withdrawal_of_Remission\" >Withdrawal of Remission<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Statistics_of_Releases_by_the_West_Bengal_SSRB\" >Statistics of Releases by the West Bengal SSRB<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Limited_Remission_by_Prison_Authorities\" >Limited Remission by Prison Authorities<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Key_Judicial_Pronouncements_on_Remission_Clemency_and_Custodial_Justice\" >Key Judicial Pronouncements on Remission, Clemency, and Custodial Justice<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Maru_Ram_v_Union_of_India_1980\" >Maru Ram v. Union of India (1980)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Epuru_Sudhakar_v_Govt_of_AP_2006\" >Epuru Sudhakar v. Govt. of A.P. (2006)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Kehar_Singh_1988_State_of_Haryana_v_Mahender_Singh_2007\" >Kehar Singh (1988) &amp; State of Haryana v. Mahender Singh (2007)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Bail_Mandate_for_Life_Convicts_September_2022\" >Bail Mandate for Life Convicts (September 2022)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Support_for_Under_Trials_February_2023\" >Support for Under Trials (February 2023)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Rajiv_Gandhi_Assassination_Case_November_2022\" >Rajiv Gandhi Assassination Case (November 2022)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#International_Parallels\" >International Parallels<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#ConsultationConcurrence_with_the_Central_Government\" >Consultation\/Concurrence with the Central Government<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Recent_Central_Initiatives\" >Recent Central Initiatives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-types-of-relief-release-granted-to-prisoners\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_ReliefRelease_Granted_to_Prisoners\"><\/span>Types of Relief\/Release Granted to Prisoners<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Type of Relief\/Release<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Pardon.Pardon.<\/strong><\/td><td>Complete absolution of the offender, restoring the status of an ordinary citizen.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Commutation<\/strong><\/td><td>Substitution of a harsher punishment with a milder one (e.g., a deatha death sentence commuted to life imprisonment).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Reprieve<\/strong><\/td><td>Temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence (usually a death sentence) to enable the prisoner to seek pardon or other legal remedies.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Respite<\/strong><\/td><td>Reduction in the quantum or severity of punishment on account of special circumstances such as pregnancy, ill-health, or mental condition.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Remission<\/strong><\/td><td>Reduction in the period of the sentence without altering its character (e.g., rigorous imprisonment of 20 years reduced to 10 years).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-appropriate-government\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Appropriate_Government\"><\/span>Appropriate Government<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 473(7) of the BNSS, the term \u201cappropriate Government\u201d refers to the Central Government,Government, where the sentence relates to matters falling within the executive power of the Union, and to the State Government in all other cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-constitutional-powers-of-the-president-and-the-governor\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Constitutional_Powers_of_the_President_and_the_Governor\"><\/span>Constitutional Powers of the President and the Governor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 72 empowers the President to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment, or to suspend, remit, or commute sentences in cases of court martial,court martial, offensesoffenses relating to matters within the Union\u2019s executive power, and death sentences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 161 confers similar powers on the governorgovernor in respect of offensesoffenses relating to matters within the executive power of the state.state. The President\u2019s power is wider: it alone covers court-martialcourt-martial cases and death sentences. Both the President and the Governor act on the advice of the Council of Ministers (the Union(the Union Home Ministry or the State Government, as the case may be). These powers are subject to judicial review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-statutory-powers-of-remission-and-commutation-under-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Statutory_Powers_of_Remission_and_Commutation_under_BNSS\"><\/span>Statutory Powers of Remission and Commutation under BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-section-473-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_473_BNSS\"><\/span>Section 473 BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 473 BNSS: The appropriate governmentgovernment may, at any time, suspend the execution of a sentence or remit the whole or part of the punishment, either unconditionally or subject to conditions accepted by the sentenced person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-section-474-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_474_BNSS\"><\/span>Section 474 BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 474 BNSS: The appropriate governmentgovernment may, without the consent of the sentenced person, commute\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>(a) a sentence of death \u2192 imprisonment for life;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(b) imprisonment for life \u2192 imprisonment for a term not less than seven years;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(c) imprisonment of seven years or more \u2192 imprisonment for a term not less than three years;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(d) imprisonment of less than seven years \u2192 fine;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(e) rigorous imprisonment \u2192 simple imprisonment for any term to which the person might have been sentenced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-restriction-under-section-475-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Restriction_under_Section_475_BNSS\"><\/span>Restriction under Section 475 BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 473, where a sentence of imprisonment for life is imposed on conviction of a person for an offenseoffense for which death is one of the punishments provided by law, or where a sentence of death imposed on a person has been commuted under Section 474 into one of imprisonment for life, such person shall not be released from prison unless he has served at least fourteen years of imprisonment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-process-of-premature-release\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Process_of_Premature_Release\"><\/span>Process of Premature Release<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each statestate has a committee (variously called the Statethe State Level Committee or State Sentence Review Board) to recommend premature release in appropriate cases. The composition typically includes the Home Secretary, Judicial Secretary, Principal Secretary (Prisons), Head of the Prisons Department, a senior police officer, and the Chief Probation Officer. The Board meets periodically to examine cases of eligible prisoners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The superintendentsuperintendent of the prison initiates the process by preparing a detailed note covering the nature of the offense,offense, the prisoner\u2019s background, the circumstancesthe circumstances of the crime, conduct in prison, and physical and mental health. These notes are forwarded to the Head of Prisons and thereafter placed before the Board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-no-absolute-right-to-premature-release\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"No_Absolute_Right_to_Premature_Release\"><\/span>No Absolute Right to Premature Release<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No prisoner has an absolute right to premature release. However, after serving 14\u201320 years of a life sentence (or a prescribed proportion of a fixed-term sentence under state rules), a prisoner is entitled to have his case considered for premature release.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-west-bengal-state-sentence-review-board-ssrb\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"West_Bengal_State_Sentence_Review_Board_SSRB\"><\/span>West Bengal State Sentence Review Board (SSRB)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The West Bengal State Sentence Review Board was constituted by Judicial Department Memo No. 543-J\/2P-44\/99 dated 24 January 2000. Its composition isis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Home Secretary, West Bengal \u2013 Chairperson<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judicial Secretary, West Bengal \u2013 Convener<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inspector General of Correctional Services, West Bengal \u2013 Member-Secretary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Secretary, Department of Correctional Administration \u2013 Member<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Director General &amp; Inspector General of Police, West Bengal \u2013 Member<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Commissioner of Police, Kolkata \u2013 Member<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chief Probation-cum-Aftercare Officer, West Bengal \u2013 Member<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Board considers cases of life convicts who have completed 14 years of actual imprisonment. Its recommendations require, under Section 473(2) BNSS, the opinion (with reasons) of the Presiding Judge of the convicting or confirming court, together with a certified copy of the relevant record, before the State Government exercises the power of remission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A prisoner whose request is rejected may seek reconsideration after the expiry of one year from the date of the last consideration, in accordance with the advisories of the National Human Rights Commission. No separate rules specifically governing premature release have been framed for West Bengal correctional homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regular recommendations of the State Sentence Review Board (SSRB) are essential to ensure the smooth and timely release of eligible prisoners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-withdrawal-of-remission\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Withdrawal_of_Remission\"><\/span>Withdrawal of Remission<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 473(3) BNSS, if any condition on which a sentence has been suspended or remitted is not fulfilled, the appropriate governmentgovernment may cancel the suspension or remission. The person, if at large, may then be arrested by any police officer without warrant and remanded to undergo the unexpired portion of the sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-statistics-of-releases-by-the-west-bengal-ssrb\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Statistics_of_Releases_by_the_West_Bengal_SSRB\"><\/span>Statistics of Releases by the West Bengal SSRB<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to official data published in the NCRB &#8216;Prison Statistics India&#8217; reports and records of the West Bengal State Sentence Review Board (SSRB), the number of prisoners recommended for premature release has fluctuated significantly. Annual release figures were recorded as 17 (2010), 75 (2011), 101 (2012), 49 (2013), 43 (2014), 21 (2015), 2 (2016), 3 (2017), 2 (2018), 45 (2019), 82 (2020), 64 (2021), 58 (2022), 73 (2023), 45 (2024), 226 (2025), and 97 (2026). These statistics highlight how structural factors\u2014such as prison overcrowding, administrative bottlenecks in executive approval, judicial reform mandates, and special decongestion drives (including parallel UTRC initiatives for undertrials)\u2014directly influence release patterns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-limited-remission-by-prison-authorities\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limited_Remission_by_Prison_Authorities\"><\/span>Limited Remission by Prison Authorities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the Prisons Act, 1894,1894, and the rules framed thereunder, prisoners sentenced to rigorous imprisonment exceeding three months (and civil or simple-imprisonment prisoners who elect to labor)labor) are entitled to ordinary remission at the rate of four days per month. Special remission up to 30 days in a year may be granted by the Superintendent for meritorious work, discipline, and educational\/cultural proficiency. The Inspector General may grant special remission up to 60 days on special grounds. The state governmentstate government may also grant special remission on festive or memorable occasions. Certain categories of prisoners, including those convicted under the NDPS Act, are ineligible for special remission. The remission earned is deducted from the total sentence for calculating the date of release.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-key-judicial-pronouncements-on-remission-clemency-and-custodial-justice\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Judicial_Pronouncements_on_Remission_Clemency_and_Custodial_Justice\"><\/span>Key Judicial Pronouncements on Remission, Clemency, and Custodial Justice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-maru-ram-v-union-of-india-1980\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maru_Ram_v_Union_of_India_1980\"><\/span>Maru Ram v. Union of India (1980)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maru Ram v. Union of India (1980): Upheld the mandatory 14-year14-year minimum jail term before life convicts become eligible for statutory remission, while clarifying that statutory remission rules do not restrict the independent constitutional clemency powers of the President (Article 72) and Governors (Article 161).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-epuru-sudhakar-v-govt-of-a-p-2006\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Epuru_Sudhakar_v_Govt_of_AP_2006\"><\/span>Epuru Sudhakar v. Govt. of A.P. (2006)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Epuru Sudhakar v. Govt. of A.P. (2006): Established that executive clemency orders are subject to judicial review if passed arbitrarily, with mala fides, without application of mind, or by ignoring relevant material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-kehar-singh-1988-amp-state-of-haryana-v-mahender-singh-2007\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kehar_Singh_1988_State_of_Haryana_v_Mahender_Singh_2007\"><\/span>Kehar Singh (1988) &amp; State of Haryana v. Mahender Singh (2007)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kehar Singh (1988) &amp; State of Haryana v. Mahender Singh (2007): Clarified that while prisoners have no fundamental right to remission, every eligible convict has a legal right to have their case fairly considered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-bail-mandate-for-life-convicts-september-2022\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bail_Mandate_for_Life_Convicts_September_2022\"><\/span>Bail Mandate for Life Convicts (September 2022)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bail Mandate for Life Convicts (September 2022): Directed that life convicts who have completed 10 years of sentence and whose appeals are unlikely to be heard soon should ordinarily be enlarged on bail tobail to decongest prisons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-support-for-under-trials-february-2023\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Support_for_Under_Trials_February_2023\"><\/span>Support for Under Trials (February 2023)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Support for Under TrialsTrials (February 2023): Ordered prompt assistance and release for under trials who remain in prison despite being granted bail, merely because they cannot fulfillfulfill financial or surety conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-rajiv-gandhi-assassination-case-november-2022\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rajiv_Gandhi_Assassination_Case_November_2022\"><\/span>Rajiv Gandhi Assassination Case (November 2022)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rajiv Gandhi Assassination Case (November 2022): Exercised powers under Article 142 to release six remaining life convicts, citing prolonged incarceration and satisfactory conduct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-international-parallels\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Parallels\"><\/span>International Parallels<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comparable standards exist globally. The European Court of Human Rights in cases such as Poltoratskiy v. Ukraine and Slimani v. France affirmed that Article 2 (right to life) and Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman treatment) impose positive obligations on states to provide adequate healthcare and conduct prompt, independent investigations into prison deaths. In the U.S., jurisprudence expanding on Estelle v. Gamble (1976) continues to hold correctional administrators strictly liable under the Eighth Amendment for deliberate indifference to inmates\u2019 serious medical and psychological needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Collectively, these precedents establish a non-negotiable doctrine of strict liability and accountability, ensuring that state authorities remain bound to uphold the life, health, and procedural fairness owed to every individual in custody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-consultation-concurrence-with-the-central-government\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ConsultationConcurrence_with_the_Central_Government\"><\/span>Consultation\/Concurrence with the Central Government<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 477 BNSS, the powers conferred by Sections 473 and 474 upon the State Government to remit or commute a sentence shall not be exercised by the State Government in cases investigated by a Central agency under a Central Act, or involving Central Government property, or committed by a Central Government servant in the discharge of official duty, except after concurrence with the Central Government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-recent-central-initiatives\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recent_Central_Initiatives\"><\/span>Recent Central Initiatives<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav in 2022, the Government of India launched a special remission scheme covering women and transgender convicts above 50 years of age, male convicts above 60 years, and physically challenged convicts (70% disability or more) who had completed more than half their sentence, subject to good conduct. The scheme excluded persons convicted of serious offensesoffenses such as terrorism, rape, dowry death, corruption, money laundering,money laundering, etc. State-level screening committees examined individual cases and forwarded recommendations. Foreign nationals required the concurrence of the Ministry of External Affairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In April 2023, the Union Home Ministry announced the \u201cSupport for Poor Prisoners\u201d scheme to provide financial assistance to indigent prisoners unable to pay fines or furnish bail bonds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Premature release of prisoners in India reflects the delicate balance between constitutional clemency powers, statutory remission under the BNSS, and the functioning of State Sentence Review Boards (SSRBs) such as that in West Bengal. While no prisoner enjoys an absolute right to release, the framework ensures that long-term convicts, particularly those who have served 14 years or more, are entitled to fair consideration. Judicial precedents like Maru Ram and Epuru Sudhakar reinforce accountability, while international rulings such as Poltoratskiy v. Ukraine and Estelle v. Gamble align India\u2019s custodial justice with global human rights standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fluctuating release statistics in West Bengal highlight how overcrowding, undertrial detention, and judicial reforms directly shape outcomes. Ultimately, premature release is not merely a legal mechanism but a humanitarian safeguard, essential for reducing prison congestion, protecting the dignity of inmates, and strengthening the credibility of the justice system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/dara-singh-remission-plea-supreme-court-odisha-delay\/\">Dara Singh Remission Plea: Supreme Court Warns Odisha Over Delay in Decision<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/supreme-court-same-day-release-bail-acquittal-article-21-prisoners-rights\/\">Supreme Court Orders Same-Day Release After Bail or Acquittal: Landmark Article 21 Judgment on Prisoners&#8217; Liberty<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/merger-control-in-india-law-process-cases\/\">Merger Control in India: Law, Process &amp; Cases<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/sentencing-in-india-principles-judicial-trends\/\">The Evolving Landscape of Sentencing in India: Principles, Judicial Trends, and the Road Ahead<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/renvoi-revisited-does-the-doctrine-still-serve-justice-in-a-globalized-legal-order\/\">Renvoi Revisited: Does the Doctrine Still Serve Justice in a Globalized Legal Order?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction The release of convicted persons may take three forms: release on expiry of sentence, provisional or conditional release, and premature release. Premature release is the early release of a prisoner on compassionate or other specified grounds before the completion of the full term of imprisonment. It may be ordered by the President under Article<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[4798],"class_list":["post-31554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-criminal-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Role of State Sentence Review Boards in the Premature Release of Prisoners - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn India\u2019s premature prisoner release laws, BNSS remission, clemency powers, life sentence rules and State Sentence Review Board process.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Role of State Sentence Review Boards in the Premature Release of Prisoners\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn India\u2019s premature prisoner release laws, BNSS remission, clemency powers, life sentence rules and State Sentence Review Board process.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-role-of-state-sentence-review-boards-in-the-premature-release-of-prisoners\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-05T05:43:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-05T05:49:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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Imran Wahab\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Md. Imran Wahab\"},\"description\":\"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. 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Imran Wahab","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","caption":"Md. Imran Wahab"},"description":"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/author\/md-imranwahab\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31554"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31617,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31554\/revisions\/31617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}