{"id":32797,"date":"2026-09-23T08:11:04","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T08:11:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=32797"},"modified":"2026-09-23T08:16:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T08:16:59","slug":"section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/","title":{"rendered":"Section 85 BNSS: Attachment of Property of a Proclaimed Person"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 85 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) gives courts a practical way to deal with a person who deliberately runs away or hides to avoid the law. If a court has already issued a proclamation against such a person under Section 84 BNSS, it can order the attachment (temporary taking control) of that person\u2019s movable or immovable property. The goal is simple: a person should not be able to escape justice just by staying out of reach. At the same time, because attachment affects property rights, the court must follow the rules carefully and record its reasons in writing.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Link_with_Proclamation_under_Section_84_BNSS\" >Link with Proclamation under Section 84 BNSS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#What_Property_Can_Be_Attached\" >What Property Can Be Attached?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Immediate_Attachment_in_Special_Cases\" >Immediate Attachment in Special Cases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Property_Located_Outside_the_District\" >Property Located Outside the District<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#How_Movable_Property_Is_Attached\" >How Movable Property Is Attached<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#How_Immovable_Property_Is_Attached\" >How Immovable Property Is Attached<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Livestock_and_Perishable_Property\" >Livestock and Perishable Property<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Role_of_the_Receiver\" >Role of the Receiver<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Attachment_Is_Not_Final_Forfeiture\" >Attachment Is Not Final Forfeiture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Protection_of_Third-Party_Rights\" >Protection of Third-Party Rights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Property_Located_Abroad_Section_86\" >Property Located Abroad (Section 86)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Safeguards_Built_into_the_Law\" >Safeguards Built into the Law<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Who_Pays_the_Property_Tax_Electricity_Bills_and_Maintenance_Charges_of_an_Attached_Property_under_Section_85_BNSS\" >Who Pays the Property Tax, Electricity Bills, and Maintenance Charges of an Attached Property under Section 85 BNSS?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Consequences_Where_the_Attached_Property_Ultimately_Vests_in_the_Government\" >Consequences Where the Attached Property Ultimately Vests in the Government<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#What_Types_of_Property_Cannot_Be_Attached_Under_Section_85_BNSS\" >What Types of Property Cannot Be Attached Under Section 85 BNSS?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#What_Happens_if_the_Absconding_Person_Surrenders_Before_the_Court_or_Police\" >What Happens if the Absconding Person Surrenders Before the Court or Police?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#What_Happens_if_No_Claim_Is_Filed_Against_the_Attachment\" >What Happens if No Claim Is Filed Against the Attachment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Case_Laws\" >Case Laws<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#International_Perspective_on_Property_Attachment_and_Confiscation\" >International Perspective on Property Attachment and Confiscation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-link-with-proclamation-under-section-84-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Link_with_Proclamation_under_Section_84_BNSS\"><\/span>Link with Proclamation under Section 84 BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 85 BNSS cannot be used on its own. It works only after a proclamation has been issued under Section 84 BNSS. Once the court has declared a person a proclaimed person under Section 84 BNSS, it may order attachment of that person&#8217;s property under Section 85. In certain specified offences, the person may also be declared a proclaimed offender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The normal sequence is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Absconding<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proclamation under Section 84 BNSS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Attachment under Section 85 BNSS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Claims and objections under Section 87 BNSS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This step-by-step process ensures the court does not seize property arbitrarily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-property-can-be-attached\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Property_Can_Be_Attached\"><\/span>What Property Can Be Attached?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court can attach:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Movable property (cash, vehicles, goods, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Immovable property (land, buildings, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Or both<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The property must belong to the proclaimed person. Attachment is not automatic. The court must use its judgment and record reasons before ordering it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-immediate-attachment-in-special-cases\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Immediate_Attachment_in_Special_Cases\"><\/span>Immediate Attachment in Special Cases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Normally, attachment comes after the proclamation. But if the court believes the person is about to sell, transfer, or move the property out of the area, it can order attachment at the same time as the proclamation. This decision can be based on an affidavit or other evidence. This prevents the person from quickly disposing of assets to defeat the court\u2019s order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-property-located-outside-the-district\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Property_Located_Outside_the_District\"><\/span>Property Located Outside the District<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the property is within the same district, the court\u2019s order is enough. If the property is in another district, the order must be endorsed by the District Magistrate of that other district before attachment can take place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-how-movable-property-is-attached\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Movable_Property_Is_Attached\"><\/span>How Movable Property Is Attached<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For debts or other movable property, the court can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Seize the property<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Appoint a receiver to manage it<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Issue a written order stopping anyone from delivering the property to the proclaimed person or anyone acting for him<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use any combination of these methods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court chooses the method that best suits the situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-how-immovable-property-is-attached\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Immovable_Property_Is_Attached\"><\/span>How Immovable Property Is Attached<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the property is land that pays revenue to the State Government, attachment is done through the Collector of the district where the land is located.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other cases, the court may:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Take possession<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Appoint a receiver<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Issue a written order stopping payment of rent or delivery of the property to the proclaimed person<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use any combination of these methods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-livestock-and-perishable-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Livestock_and_Perishable_Property\"><\/span>Livestock and Perishable Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the attached property is livestock or something that can spoil or lose value quickly, the court can order its immediate sale. The money from the sale stays under the court\u2019s control and is dealt with later according to the court\u2019s further orders. This prevents unnecessary loss of value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-role-of-the-receiver\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_the_Receiver\"><\/span>Role of the Receiver<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a receiver is appointed, his powers, duties, and liabilities are the same as those of a receiver appointed under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. This provides a clear and established framework for managing the property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-attachment-is-not-final-forfeiture\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Attachment_Is_Not_Final_Forfeiture\"><\/span>Attachment Is Not Final Forfeiture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Attachment under Section 85 BNSS is primarily a protective measure intended to preserve property pending further proceedings. It does not mean the property is permanently taken by the State. Separate rules under Section 87 BNSS allow claims and objections to be filed against the attachment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-protection-of-third-party-rights\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Protection_of_Third-Party_Rights\"><\/span>Protection of Third-Party Rights<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Attachment can sometimes affect family members, co-owners, creditors, or others who have a genuine interest in the property. Section 87 allows any such person (other than the proclaimed person) to file a claim or objection within the prescribed time. This protects the rights of innocent third parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-property-located-abroad-section-86\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Property_Located_Abroad_Section_86\"><\/span>Property Located Abroad (Section 86)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 85 works together with Section 86. If the proclaimed person\u2019s property is in a foreign country that has an agreement with India (a contracting State), a police officer of the rank of Superintendent of Police or Commissioner of Police (or above) can request the court to seek help from the foreign authorities for identification, attachment, and possible forfeiture of that property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-safeguards-built-into-the-law\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Safeguards_Built_into_the_Law\"><\/span>Safeguards Built into the Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The power under Section 85 is strong, but it comes with important checks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The court must record reasons in writing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Immediate attachment requires clear grounds that the person is about to dispose of or remove the property<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Different procedures apply to different types of property<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third parties can raise claims and objections<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Attachment is not a punishment for absconding. It is a practical tool to keep the judicial process effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-who-pays-the-property-tax-electricity-bills-and-maintenance-charges-of-an-attached-property-under-section-85-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_Pays_the_Property_Tax_Electricity_Bills_and_Maintenance_Charges_of_an_Attached_Property_under_Section_85_BNSS\"><\/span>Who Pays the Property Tax, Electricity Bills, and Maintenance Charges of an Attached Property under Section 85 BNSS?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Attachment of property under Section 85 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, does not result in the transfer of ownership to the State. The property continues to vest in the proclaimed person, subject to the rights of any third party who may successfully establish a lawful interest under Section 87 BNSS. Consequently, the primary liability for property tax, electricity charges, municipal dues, maintenance expenses, and other statutory obligations ordinarily remains with the owner of the property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where the Court appoints a Receiver to manage the attached property, the Receiver may, under the supervision and directions of the Court, utilise the income, rent, profits, or other proceeds generated from the property to meet such recurring liabilities and preserve the property from deterioration or legal encumbrances. The Receiver, however, acts merely as a custodian and administrator of the property and does not assume personal liability for these charges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accordingly, the mere fact of attachment does not shift the financial responsibility to the Government or investigating agency. Unless otherwise directed by the Court, taxes, utility charges, maintenance costs, and other obligations continue to be borne by the owner, while any Receiver appointed by the Court may discharge such liabilities from the property&#8217;s income solely for its proper management and preservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-consequences-where-the-attached-property-ultimately-vests-in-the-government\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Consequences_Where_the_Attached_Property_Ultimately_Vests_in_the_Government\"><\/span>Consequences Where the Attached Property Ultimately Vests in the Government<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where an attachment under Section 85 BNSS culminates in the permanent vesting of the property in the State pursuant to a final order of confiscation or forfeiture, ownership of the property passes from the proclaimed person to the Government. In such circumstances, the former owner is no longer liable for future property taxes, electricity charges, maintenance expenses, or other recurring obligations relating to the property. These liabilities thereafter fall upon the authority or Government agency that assumes ownership or management of the property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nevertheless, dues and liabilities that accrued prior to such vesting do not ordinarily disappear merely because the property has been confiscated. Unless otherwise directed by law or by a competent court, outstanding taxes, utility charges, and similar obligations incurred before the transfer of ownership may continue to be recoverable from the property or the person who was liable at the time they arose. Thus, the liability generally shifts to the State only from the date on which ownership legally vests in the Government, not retrospectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-types-of-property-cannot-be-attached-under-section-85-bnss\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Types_of_Property_Cannot_Be_Attached_Under_Section_85_BNSS\"><\/span>What Types of Property Cannot Be Attached Under Section 85 BNSS?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 85 BNSS authorises the attachment only of property that legally belongs to, or is under the control of, the proclaimed person. Property genuinely belonging to an innocent third party, such as a spouse, child, relative, business partner, tenant, mortgagee, or bona fide purchaser is ordinarily not liable to continue under attachment once such person successfully establishes his or her independent rights before the competent court. Such persons are entitled to raise claims and objections under Section 87 BNSS, and the Court must inquire into their rights before confirming the attachment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Further, property in which the proclaimed person has no transferable or proprietary interest is generally not liable to attachment. For example, property held by another person in an independent capacity, trust property exclusively benefiting third parties, or assets over which the proclaimed person exercises no legal ownership or control cannot ordinarily be subjected to attachment. Attachment proceedings are directed against the absconding person&#8217;s interest in the property and not against the rights of innocent owners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By analogy with the principles contained in Section 60 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, courts are also cautious in dealing with assets necessary for basic subsistence and livelihood. Although Section 85 BNSS does not expressly incorporate all CPC exemptions, courts generally avoid interpretations that would unjustly deprive innocent family members or third parties of their lawful rights. Therefore, attachment cannot be used as a punitive measure against persons who are not accused and whose proprietary interests are independent of the proclaimed person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-happens-if-the-absconding-person-surrenders-before-the-court-or-police\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Happens_if_the_Absconding_Person_Surrenders_Before_the_Court_or_Police\"><\/span>What Happens if the Absconding Person Surrenders Before the Court or Police?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the proclaimed person voluntarily surrenders before the Court or is arrested and produced before the Court after the issuance of a proclamation and attachment order under Sections 84 and 85 BNSS, the very purpose of the attachment proceedings is substantially achieved. In such circumstances, the person may apply to the Court for recalling the proclamation, releasing the attached property, or modifying the attachment order. The Court will examine whether the surrender is genuine, whether the person had sufficient cause for non-appearance, and whether continuation of the attachment remains necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mere surrender, however, does not automatically result in the release of the attached property. The attachment order continues to remain operative until it is expressly withdrawn, cancelled, or modified by the competent Court. The Court may require the accused to participate in the proceedings, furnish bail or bonds where appropriate, and satisfy the Court that there is no longer any risk of absconding. Where the property has been placed under the management of a Receiver, such management ordinarily continues until specific judicial directions are issued.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the Court is satisfied that the accused has appeared and is willing to submit to its jurisdiction, it may order restoration of the attached property to the person entitled thereto, subject to any pending claims, objections, or legal encumbrances. Thus, surrender generally strengthens the case for revocation of attachment, but the release of property is a matter of judicial discretion and requires a specific order of the Court rather than flowing automatically from the act of surrender itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-happens-if-no-claim-is-filed-against-the-attachment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Happens_if_No_Claim_Is_Filed_Against_the_Attachment\"><\/span>What Happens if No Claim Is Filed Against the Attachment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If no claim or objection is made within the period prescribed under Section 87 BNSS and the proclaimed person fails to appear within the statutory period, the attached property may become subject to sale, disposal, forfeiture, or such other orders as may be permitted under the BNSS and applicable law. The purpose of the provision is to ensure that attachment remains effective and does not continue indefinitely without resolution. However, any subsequent action affecting ownership must still comply with the requirements of due process and the specific provisions governing disposal of attached property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-case-laws\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Laws\"><\/span>Case Laws<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 85 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)\u2014which replaced Section 83 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 on 1 July 2024\u2014operates under well-settled judicial principles holding that property attachment is an extraordinary coercive measure rather than a routine procedure. Statutory compliance requires that a valid proclamation under Section 84 BNSS precede attachment, that the court record explicit written reasons showing due application of mind, and that simultaneous proclamation and attachment be ordered only upon credible evidence showing the accused is about to dispose of or remove property from the court\u2019s jurisdiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As established by the Supreme Court in State of U.P. v. Moti Ram and Prem Lata Agarwal v. State of U.P., attachment proceedings are legally unsustainable without a valid prior proclamation, while recent rulings from the Patna High Court (2025) and Gujarat High Court (2026) confirm that initiating proceedings under Sections 84 and 85 BNSS does not automatically bar anticipatory bail (though absconding conduct remains a key factor in exercising discretion), emphasize the distinction between a \u201cproclaimed person\u201d and a \u201cproclaimed offender,\u201d and mandate that third-party claims under Section 87 BNSS be meaningfully adjudicated before attachment becomes final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since the BNSS came into force on 1 July 2024, many judicial principles governing Sections 84 to 87 BNSS continue to be derived from precedents interpreting Sections 82 to 85 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, owing to the substantial similarity between the provisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These decisions continue to have persuasive value under the BNSS because Sections 84 to 87 BNSS substantially reproduce the scheme previously contained in Sections 82 to 85 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-international-perspective-on-property-attachment-and-confiscation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Perspective_on_Property_Attachment_and_Confiscation\"><\/span>International Perspective on Property Attachment and Confiscation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">International courts treat the attachment and confiscation of property as exceptional measures that can be used only according to law and under proper judicial control. In AGOSI v. United Kingdom (1986), the European Court of Human Rights held that any State interference with a person\u2019s property rights must strike a fair balance between the public interest and the individual\u2019s right to peaceful enjoyment of their possessions. The Court made clear that such interference is valid only when adequate procedural safeguards exist to prevent arbitrary action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Air Canada v. United Kingdom (1995), the same Court upheld forfeiture-related measures because the affected party had access to judicial review and effective legal remedies to challenge the seizure. The judgment underlined that any attachment of property must be proportionate to the purpose it serves and must be accompanied by real opportunities for the person concerned to seek legal redress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The principle of procedural fairness was further strengthened in Phillips v. United Kingdom (2001). There the Court accepted confiscation linked to criminal activity but insisted that the affected person must be given a genuine chance to contest the State\u2019s claims and to rebut any statutory presumptions before an impartial tribunal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These international standards closely match the scheme under Sections 84, 85 and 87 of the BNSS. Those provisions require a lawful procedure, judicial scrutiny of the reasons for attachment, and protection of third-party interests before any attachment of property can become final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 85 helps courts prevent an absconding person from defeating justice by staying out of reach. It allows attachment of both movable and immovable property, permits quick action when there is a real risk of assets being removed, and provides different methods suited to different kinds of property. At the same time, it requires written reasons, protects third-party interests, and treats attachment as a temporary measure rather than final forfeiture. Read together with Sections 84, 86, and 87, Section 85 forms part of a clear legal framework that ensures absconding does not become an easy way to escape the process of law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/bail-laws-in-india-legal-provision-and-practical-application\/\">Understanding Bail Laws in India: Legal Provision and Practical Application<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/urgent-interim-relief-uae-commercial-disputes\/\">Urgent &amp; Interim Relief in UAE Commercial Disputes: Asset Protection, Travel Bans &amp; Enforcement<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/attaching-what-was-acquired-before-the-offence-examining-pmla-attachment-of-pre-offence-property\/\">Attaching What Was Acquired Before the Offence? Examining PMLA Attachment of Pre-Offence Property<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/director-kyc-last-date-due-date\/\">Director KYC Last Date &amp; Due Date<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/safeguarding-bona-fide-purchasers-the-supreme-courts-exposition-on-attachment-before-judgment-in-l-k-prabhu-v-k-t-mathew\/\">Safeguarding Bona Fide Purchasers: The Supreme Court&#8217;s Exposition on Attachment Before Judgment in L.K. Prabhu v. K.T. Mathew<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Section 85 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) gives courts a practical way to deal with a person who deliberately runs away or hides to avoid the law. If a court has already issued a proclamation against such a person under Section 84 BNSS, it can order the attachment (temporary taking control)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[4798],"class_list":["post-32797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-criminal-law","tag-criminal-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Section 85 BNSS: Attachment of Property of a Proclaimed Person - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Section 85 BNSS explained property attachment of proclaimed persons, procedure, third-party rights, receivers, surrender, and legal remedies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Section 85 BNSS: Attachment of Property of a Proclaimed Person\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Section 85 BNSS explained property attachment of proclaimed persons, procedure, third-party rights, receivers, surrender, and legal remedies.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-23T08:11:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-23T08:16:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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Imran Wahab\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Md. Imran Wahab\"},\"description\":\"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/author\\\/md-imranwahab\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Section 85 BNSS: Attachment of Property of a Proclaimed Person - Legal Service India - Articles","description":"Section 85 BNSS explained property attachment of proclaimed persons, procedure, third-party rights, receivers, surrender, and legal remedies.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Section 85 BNSS: Attachment of Property of a Proclaimed Person","og_description":"Section 85 BNSS explained property attachment of proclaimed persons, procedure, third-party rights, receivers, surrender, and legal remedies.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/section-85-bnss-attachment-of-property-of-a-proclaimed-person\/","og_site_name":"Legal Service India - Articles","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind","article_published_time":"2026-09-23T08:11:04+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-09-23T08:16:59+00:00","author":"Md. 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Imran Wahab","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","caption":"Md. Imran Wahab"},"description":"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/author\/md-imranwahab\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32797\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}