{"id":33651,"date":"2026-10-04T08:16:27","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T08:16:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=33651"},"modified":"2026-10-04T08:19:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T08:19:22","slug":"foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Foreign Torts: When a Wrong Is Committed Outside India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A tort is a civil wrong for which an injured party can seek a legal remedy, typically monetary compensation. A foreign tort occurs when a wrongful act is committed outside the country where the injured person files the lawsuit.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Meaning_of_Foreign_Tort\" >Meaning of Foreign Tort<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#The_Core_Problem_in_Foreign_Tort_Disputes\" >The Core Problem in Foreign Tort Disputes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Multi-Jurisdictional_Scenario\" >Multi-Jurisdictional Scenario<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#The_Traditional_Rule_Double_Actionability\" >The Traditional Rule: Double Actionability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Key_Case_Law_Development\" >Key Case Law Development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Choice_of_Law_Principles\" >Choice of Law Principles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Determining_the_%E2%80%9CClosest_Connection%E2%80%9D\" >Determining the \u201cClosest Connection\u201d<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Examples\" >Examples<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Substantive_vs_Procedural_Distinction\" >Substantive vs. Procedural Distinction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Core_Operational_Considerations_in_Litigation\" >Core Operational Considerations in Litigation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Key_Concepts_Summary\" >Key Concepts Summary<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, if an Indian tourist is injured in a road accident in France and later sues for compensation in an Indian court, the accident constitutes a foreign tort from the Indian court&#8217;s perspective. Foreign torts raise a central conflict-of-laws question: which country&#8217;s law should the court apply?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-meaning-of-foreign-tort\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meaning_of_Foreign_Tort\"><\/span>Meaning of Foreign Tort<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A foreign tort is a civil wrong committed in one country or legal jurisdiction but for which the injured person brings a legal action in another country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Example: A, an Indian resident, suffers an injury due to B\u2019s negligence while travelling in England. A later file a suit against B in India. Since the wrongful act occurred in England but the case is brought before an Indian court, the wrong is treated as a foreign tort from the Indian legal perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign tort cases generally involve two different legal systems:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lex Loci Delicti:<\/strong> The law of the place where the tort or injury occurred.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lex Fori:<\/strong> The law of the country whose court is hearing the case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The central question in such cases is often which country\u2019s law should apply to the dispute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign torts therefore form part of private international law, also known as the conflict of laws, which deals with legal disputes involving more than one country or legal system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-the-core-problem-in-foreign-tort-disputes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Core_Problem_in_Foreign_Tort_Disputes\"><\/span>The Core Problem in Foreign Tort Disputes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While courts ordinarily apply domestic law, foreign torts create complexity because the cause of action spans multiple jurisdictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-multi-jurisdictional-scenario\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Multi-Jurisdictional_Scenario\"><\/span>Multi-Jurisdictional Scenario<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Defendant:<\/strong> Indian citizen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Place of Accident:<\/strong> Nepal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Injured Party:<\/strong> Indian citizen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Forum:<\/strong> India (defendant returns to India)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When presented with such facts, the forum court must answer four foundational questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jurisdiction:<\/strong> Does the court have authority to hear the case?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Applicable Law:<\/strong> Should domestic or foreign law govern the substantive issues?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Actionability:<\/strong> Is the act recognised as an actionable tort under the applicable legal framework?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Remedies:<\/strong> What compensation or legal remedies can be granted?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-the-traditional-rule-double-actionability\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Traditional_Rule_Double_Actionability\"><\/span>The Traditional Rule: Double Actionability<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Traditionally, common-law courts applied the rule of double actionability to foreign torts. Under this rule, a claimant could sue in one country for a tort committed in another only if the act was actionable under both legal systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, the act had to be actionable under the law of the place where the tort occurred (lex loci delicti). In other words, it had to constitute a civil wrong under the law of that country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, the act also had to be actionable under the law of the forum (lex fori). It therefore had to be recognised as a tort under the domestic law of the court hearing the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, if an act was treated as a tort in Country A but was not recognised as a tort under Indian law, an Indian court would generally refuse to entertain the claim. Conversely, if the act was lawful (or justified) under the law of the place where it occurred, the claim would fail even if the same conduct would have been tortious in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In short, double actionability required the foreign tort to be actionable under both the law of the place where it was committed and the law of the country in which the action was brought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-key-case-law-development\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Case_Law_Development\"><\/span>Key Case Law Development<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The law relating to foreign torts gradually moved from a strict rule of double actionability towards a more flexible approach. Three important cases illustrate this development: <em>Phillips v Eyre<\/em> (1870), <em>Boys v Chaplin<\/em> (1971), and <em>Red Sea Insurance Co. Ltd. v Bouygues SA<\/em> (1995).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <em>Phillips v Eyre<\/em> (1870), the court laid down the traditional rule of double actionability. The case concerned acts committed in Jamaica during a rebellion, which were later challenged in England. The court held that a foreign wrong could be sued upon in England only if it was actionable under English law and was not justified or lawful under the law of the place where it was committed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <em>Boys v Chaplin<\/em> (1971), the House of Lords introduced greater flexibility into the rule. The case arose from a road accident in Malta involving two British servicemen and was heard in England. The court recognised that applying the double-actionability rule rigidly could sometimes produce unfair results. It was therefore accepted that, in appropriate circumstances, the law of the country having the closest and most significant connection with a particular issue could be applied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <em>Red Sea Insurance Co. Ltd. v Bouygues SA<\/em> (1995), the Privy Council took the flexible approach further. It held that, in exceptional circumstances, a claimant could rely solely on the foreign law (lex loci delicti), even where the claim was not actionable under the law of the forum (lex fori). The case therefore marked an important step away from the strict application of double actionability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These cases show the gradual development of the law from a rigid double-actionability rule towards a more flexible approach based on the law having the closest connection with the dispute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-choice-of-law-principles\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Choice_of_Law_Principles\"><\/span>Choice of Law Principles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Principle<\/th><th>Meaning<\/th><th>Application Scope<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Lex Loci Delicti<\/strong><\/td><td>Law of the place where the tort was committed.<\/td><td>Governs substantive liability, duty of care, standard of conduct, and recognised defences.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lex Fori<\/strong><\/td><td>Law of the forum court hearing the dispute.<\/td><td>Governs procedural issues, court rules, evidentiary standards, and enforcement mechanisms.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Closest &amp; Most Significant Connection<\/strong><\/td><td>Law of the jurisdiction with the strongest ties to the dispute\/parties.<\/td><td>Replaces rigid rules to determine which legal system should govern specific substantive issues.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-determining-the-closest-connection\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Determining_the_%E2%80%9CClosest_Connection%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Determining the \u201cClosest Connection\u201d<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To decide which country\u2019s law has the closest and most significant connection with the dispute, courts examine a range of connecting factors. These typically include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the place where the wrongful act was committed and where the injury occurred;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the domicile, residence, or nationality of the parties;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>in the case of companies, their place of incorporation or principal place of business;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the place where the relationship between the parties (if any) is centred; and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the place where the consequences of the injury are principally felt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court weighs these factors to identify the legal system that has the strongest overall connection with the occurrence and the parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-examples\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples\"><\/span>Examples<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two Indian tourists are involved in a road accident in Nepal caused by the negligence of one of them. Both parties are Indian nationals and reside in India, and the vehicle is registered and insured in India. Although the accident occurred in Nepal, an Indian court may find that Indian law has the closest connection because nearly all significant links point to India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An English company supplies defective machinery to an Indian factory. The machinery is manufactured in England, the contract is governed by English law, and the defect originates there, but the explosion and injuries occur in India, affecting Indian workers. Depending on the precise facts, a court may decide that either English law (place of manufacture and origin of the defect) or Indian law (place of injury and location of the victims) has the closer connection to particular issues in the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ultimate aim is to apply the law of the country that has the most real and substantial connection with the dispute, rather than rigidly applying the law of the place of the tort in every situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-substantive-vs-procedural-distinction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Substantive_vs_Procedural_Distinction\"><\/span>Substantive vs. Procedural Distinction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a foreign tort case, it is important to distinguish between substantive and procedural matters. Substantive matters concern the actual rights and liabilities of the parties, such as whether negligence is established, what duties and defences are recognised, and what damages can be recovered. These matters are generally determined by the law selected under the choice-of-law rules, such as the lex loci delicti or the law having the closest connection with the dispute. Procedural matters, on the other hand, concern the conduct of the case in court, such as rules of pleading, evidence, court procedure, remedies and enforcement, and are generally governed by the law of the forum (lex fori).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-core-operational-considerations-in-litigation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Core_Operational_Considerations_in_Litigation\"><\/span>Core Operational Considerations in Litigation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When an Indian court deals with a foreign tort claim, several important issues may arise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>First, the court must decide whether it has jurisdiction, that is, whether it has the power to hear the case. This is different from deciding which country\u2019s law should apply. The fact that an Indian court has jurisdiction does not automatically mean that Indian tort law will apply.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Second, foreign law must generally be proved before the Indian court. A court does not normally assume the contents of a foreign law. The parties may prove it through the relevant foreign statutes, judicial decisions, or other legally acceptable evidence, including expert evidence where necessary.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Third, an Indian court may refuse to apply a foreign law if it is clearly contrary to fundamental Indian public policy or morality. However, the mere fact that foreign law is different from Indian law is not, by itself, enough to reject it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fourth, limitation periods can create difficulties because different countries have different time limits for bringing legal actions. The applicable limitation period may depend on whether the issue is treated as substantive or procedural.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, damages must be considered carefully. The types of damages that may be claimed are generally treated as a substantive matter and may be governed by the applicable foreign law. The actual calculation or assessment of damages may, depending on the circumstances, be treated as a procedural matter governed by the law of the forum.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-key-concepts-summary\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Concepts_Summary\"><\/span>Key Concepts Summary<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Concept<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Foreign Tort<\/strong><\/td><td>A civil wrong committed outside the forum country but litigated within it.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Double Actionability<\/strong><\/td><td>Historic rule requiring an act to be actionable under both lex fori and lex loci delicti.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lex Loci Delicti<\/strong><\/td><td>The law of the geographic location where the wrongful act or injury occurred.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lex Fori<\/strong><\/td><td>The internal law of the court where the lawsuit is filed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Public Policy Exception<\/strong><\/td><td>The court&#8217;s refusal to apply foreign law if it violates core domestic public policy.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Foreign Judgment<\/strong><\/td><td>A judgment rendered by a foreign court, requiring separate recognition\/enforcement proceedings in India.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign torts arise when a civil wrong is committed in one country but the legal action is brought in another. Such cases require the court to determine which country\u2019s law should apply. The traditional rule of double actionability has gradually given way to a more flexible approach, giving importance to the law having the closest and most significant connection with the dispute. At the same time, issues of jurisdiction, proof of foreign law, public policy, limitation, damages, and the distinction between substantive and procedural matters must be carefully considered. Thus, the law of foreign torts seeks to balance fairness to the parties, respect for foreign legal systems, and the interests of the forum court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/origin-and-evolution-of-the-law-of-torts-in-india-from-english-common-law-to-constitutional-and-social-justice-jurisprudence\/\">Origin and Evolution of the Law of Torts in India: From English Common Law to Constitutional and Social Justice Jurisprudence<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/globalization-and-private-international-law-are-classical-doctrines-becoming-obsolete\/\">Globalization and Private International Law: Are Classical Doctrines Becoming Obsolete?<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/dura-lex-sed-lex-the-law-is-harsh-but-it-is-the-law-a-comprehensive-legal-analysis\/\">Dura Lex Sed Lex: The Law is Harsh, But It Is the Law- A Comprehensive Legal Analysis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/general-elements-in-torts-physical-and-mental-elements\/\">General Elements in Torts: Physical and Mental Elements<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/the-jurisprudential-nexus-the-relevance-of-lex-arbitri-to-the-validity-of-the-arbitration-agreement\/\">The Jurisprudential Nexus: The Relevance of Lex Arbitri to the Validity of the Arbitration Agreement<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction A tort is a civil wrong for which an injured party can seek a legal remedy, typically monetary compensation. A foreign tort occurs when a wrongful act is committed outside the country where the injured person files the lawsuit. For example, if an Indian tourist is injured in a road accident in France and<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[3552],"class_list":["post-33651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-torts-law","tag-torts-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Foreign Torts: When a Wrong Is Committed Outside India - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand foreign tort law in India, including jurisdiction, double actionability, choice of law, lex loci delicti and lex fori.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Foreign Torts: When a Wrong Is Committed Outside India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Understand foreign tort law in India, including jurisdiction, double actionability, choice of law, lex loci delicti and lex fori.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/foreign-torts-when-a-wrong-is-committed-outside-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-04T08:16:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-04T08:19:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). 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