{"id":33808,"date":"2026-10-07T06:54:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T06:54:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=33808"},"modified":"2026-10-07T07:00:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T07:00:19","slug":"champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Champerty and Maintenance: Improper Support of Litigation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 id=\"h-maintenance-and-champerty-in-india-meaning-difference-history-and-legal-position\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maintenance_and_Champerty_in_India_Meaning_Difference_History_and_Legal_Position\"><\/span>Maintenance and Champerty in India: Meaning, Difference, History and Legal Position<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Champerty and maintenance are old legal ideas from English common law. They deal with situations where someone improperly helps or finances another person\u2019s lawsuit. The main goal was to stop outsiders from interfering in cases that did not concern them and to prevent people from using court cases for profit, harassment, or speculation.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Maintenance_and_Champerty_in_India_Meaning_Difference_History_and_Legal_Position\" >Maintenance and Champerty in India: Meaning, Difference, History and Legal Position<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Maintenance\" >Maintenance<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Example\" >Example<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Why_the_Rule_Existed\" >Why the Rule Existed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Champerty\" >Champerty<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Simple_Difference\" >Simple Difference<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Example-2\" >Example<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Difference_Between_Maintenance_and_Champerty\" >Difference Between Maintenance and Champerty<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Historical_Background\" >Historical Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Position_in_India\" >Position in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#When_Champertous_Agreements_Are_Allowed_in_India\" >When Champertous Agreements Are Allowed in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Unfair_or_Oppressive_Agreements\" >Unfair or Oppressive Agreements<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Example-3\" >Example<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Access_to_Justice\" >Access to Justice<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Lawyers_and_Litigation_Funding\" >Lawyers and Litigation Funding<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Contingency_Arrangements\" >Contingency Arrangements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Are_They_Still_Torts\" >Are They Still Torts?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Simple_Illustration\" >Simple Illustration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Case_Laws\" >Case Laws<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/#Modern_Principle_in_Simple_Words\" >Modern Principle in Simple Words<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-maintenance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maintenance\"><\/span>Maintenance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maintenance means giving improper support, encouragement, or money to someone who is fighting a court case when the person giving the help has no real connection to the dispute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In simple words: If an outsider helps someone with a lawsuit without a proper reason, it can be called maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-example\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example\"><\/span>Example<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A has no link to a fight between B and C. Still, A pays for B\u2019s case just to help B trouble C. This can be maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-why-the-rule-existed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_the_Rule_Existed\"><\/span>Why the Rule Existed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The old rule against maintenance aimed to stop:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Outsiders interfering in court cases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Useless or harassing lawsuits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Misuse of the court system<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Funding cases for wrong reasons<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Powerful people influencing justice unfairly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-champerty\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Champerty\"><\/span>Champerty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Champerty is a special type of maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It happens when a person supports a lawsuit and agrees to take a share of the money or property that is won.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-simple-difference\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simple_Difference\"><\/span>Simple Difference<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maintenance<\/strong> = Improper help in someone else\u2019s case<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Champerty<\/strong> = Improper help plus an agreement to share the winnings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-example-0\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example-2\"><\/span>Example<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A agrees to pay for B\u2019s case against C. In return, A will get 40% of whatever B wins. This can be champerty (where the law still treats it as wrong).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-difference-between-maintenance-and-champerty\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_Between_Maintenance_and_Champerty\"><\/span>Difference Between Maintenance and Champerty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Maintenance<\/th><th>Champerty<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Improper help or support in another person\u2019s case<\/td><td>A type of maintenance where the helper also gets a share of the result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The helper does not need to get any share.<\/td><td>The helper usually expects a share of the money or property won.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wider idea<\/td><td>Narrower and more specific<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Main worry: improper interference<\/td><td>Extra worry: making money from the result of the case<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every champerty includes maintenance, but not every case of maintenance is champerty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-historical-background\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Background\"><\/span>Historical Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These rules started in mediaeval England. At that time, rich and powerful people sometimes funded lawsuits to gain property or control outcomes. The law tried to stop strangers from getting involved just because they hoped to profit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over time, these strict rules were relaxed as legal systems modernised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-position-in-india\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Position_in_India\"><\/span>Position in India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">India does not follow the old English rules strictly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just giving money to help someone fight a case does not automatically make the agreement illegal. Indian courts usually allow such agreements if they are fair, honest, and not against public policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A famous case is <em>Ram Coomar Coondoo v. Chunder Canto Mookerjee<\/em> (1876). The Privy Council said that English rules on maintenance and champerty should not be applied in the same rigid way in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-when-champertous-agreements-are-allowed-in-india\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_Champertous_Agreements_Are_Allowed_in_India\"><\/span>When Champertous Agreements Are Allowed in India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An agreement to fund a case can be valid if:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is made in good faith<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is a proper contract<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The terms are fair and reasonable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It does not encourage useless or harassing cases<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is not oppressive or extremely one-sided<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It does not break any law or public policy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Courts look at the real facts and fairness of the deal, not just the label \u201cchamperty\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-unfair-or-oppressive-agreements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unfair_or_Oppressive_Agreements\"><\/span>Unfair or Oppressive Agreements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even though champerty is not automatically illegal in India, courts can refuse to enforce an agreement if it is clearly unfair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-example-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example-3\"><\/span>Example<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A funds B\u2019s genuine case but demands 90% of the property won, leaving B with only 10%. A court may decide this is too one-sided and refuse to enforce it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Courts may look at:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How rich or poor the parties are<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How much money was given<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The risk taken by the funder<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How big a share is demanded<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The circumstances of the agreement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Whether it encourages speculative cases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-access-to-justice\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Access_to_Justice\"><\/span>Access to Justice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court cases can be very expensive. Sometimes a person with a genuine claim cannot afford to fight it. Reasonable financial help can help such people get justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, the law tries to distinguish between:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Legitimate litigation funding<\/strong> (helpful and fair)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Improper interference or speculation<\/strong> (harmful)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-lawyers-and-litigation-funding\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lawyers_and_Litigation_Funding\"><\/span>Lawyers and Litigation Funding<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different rules apply to lawyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Professional ethics usually stop advocates from having a personal financial stake in the result of a case. A lawyer\u2019s main duty is to the court and to the client, not to personal profit from the outcome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Third-party funding is different from a lawyer personally funding a case in return for a share.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-contingency-arrangements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contingency_Arrangements\"><\/span>Contingency Arrangements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A contingency arrangement means payment depends on the result of the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are not automatically the same as champerty. Their validity depends on the law, the parties, and the terms of the agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In India, special restrictions apply when advocates make fee agreements that depend on the result of the case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-are-they-still-torts\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Are_They_Still_Torts\"><\/span>Are They Still Torts?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In old English law, maintenance and champerty were treated as civil wrongs (and sometimes crimes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In modern Indian law, they are mainly looked at through contract law, public policy, professional ethics, and the idea of abuse of process \u2014 not as automatic torts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-simple-illustration\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simple_Illustration\"><\/span>Simple Illustration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A has a genuine property dispute with B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C has no interest but only encourages A to sue B \u2192 This may raise issues of maintenance if the support is improper.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C funds A\u2019s case and will get 30% of the property recovered \u2192 This is an example of champerty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C gives reasonable financial help under a fair and legal agreement, without taking unfair advantage \u2192 This can be legitimate litigation funding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-case-laws\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Laws\"><\/span>Case Laws<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Indian jurisprudence, the strict English common-law doctrines prohibiting maintenance and champerty do not strictly apply; third-party litigation funding agreements are generally valid and enforceable if they are fair, reasonable, and made in good faith. Beginning with the landmark Privy Council decision in <em>Ram Coomar Coondoo v. Chunder Canto Mookerjee<\/em> (1876), Indian courts established that financing litigation in exchange for a share of recovered property is not inherently illegal, provided the terms are not unconscionable, extortionate, or aimed at speculative &#8220;gambling in litigation&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This principle was reaffirmed in <em>Lala Ram Sarup v. Court of Wards<\/em> (1940), emphasising that such contracts must be judged on their fairness and risk allocation. Furthermore, while the Supreme Court in <em>In Re: \u2018G\u2019, A Senior Advocate<\/em> (1954) barred advocates from entering champertous fee arrangements due to professional ethics, it maintained that non-lawyers face no such bar\u2014a position fully solidified in <em>Bar Council of India v. A.K. Balaji<\/em> (2018), which confirmed the legality of legitimate third-party litigation funding by non-advocates in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maintenance means improper support of another person\u2019s lawsuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Champerty is a form of maintenance where the supporter also gets a share of the winnings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The old rules tried to stop people from turning court cases into tools for profit or harassment. In India, a champertous agreement is not automatically illegal. Courts check whether the deal is fair, reasonable, and consistent with public policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-modern-principle-in-simple-words\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Modern_Principle_in_Simple_Words\"><\/span>Modern Principle in Simple Words<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Helping someone get justice is different from improperly interfering in or making money from someone else\u2019s court case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/m-s-gujarmal-modi-hospital-research-centre-case\/\">M\/s Gujarmal Modi Hospital &amp; Research Centre Case<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/right-to-education-act-minority-institutions-supreme-court\/\">Understanding Article 21A and the RTE Act: The Supreme Court&#8217;s Strong Stand on Judicial Discipline<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/how-to-challenge-the-government-understanding-jurisdiction-parallel-proceedings-and-legal-remedies-in-india\/\">How to Challenge the Government: Understanding Jurisdiction, Parallel Proceedings, and Legal Remedies in India<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/deficiency-in-service-vs-medical-negligence-cpa-india\/\">Deficiency in Service vs. Medical Negligence: The CPA\u2019s Role in Hospitalised Treatment<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/how-to-file-maintenance-case-india\/\">How to File a Maintenance Case in India (2026): Complete Step-by-Step Legal Guide Under the BNSS, HMA &amp; DV Act<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maintenance and Champerty in India: Meaning, Difference, History and Legal Position Introduction Champerty and maintenance are old legal ideas from English common law. They deal with situations where someone improperly helps or finances another person\u2019s lawsuit. The main goal was to stop outsiders from interfering in cases that did not concern them and to prevent<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[3552],"class_list":["post-33808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-torts-law","tag-torts-law"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Champerty and Maintenance: Improper Support of Litigation - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn champerty and maintenance in India, their key differences, litigation funding rules, legal validity, public policy and leading case laws.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Champerty and Maintenance: Improper Support of Litigation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn champerty and maintenance in India, their key differences, litigation funding rules, legal validity, public policy and leading case laws.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/champerty-and-maintenance-improper-support-of-litigation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-07T06:54:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-07T07:00:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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Imran Wahab","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","caption":"Md. Imran Wahab"},"description":"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. 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