{"id":34475,"date":"2026-10-22T11:50:37","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T11:50:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=34475"},"modified":"2026-10-22T11:55:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T11:55:30","slug":"property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/","title":{"rendered":"Property in Jurisprudence: Theories, Definition, Kinds, Encumbrances and Servitudes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Property is a key idea in jurisprudence. It deals with the legal rights and interests a person can have over things. These rights cover not only physical objects like land, houses and goods, but also intangible things such as intellectual property. The law defines, protects and controls property rights to keep social order, support economic activity and reduce disputes. To understand property properly, we need to look at its main theories, definition, types, and the limits placed on it through encumbrances and servitudes.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Definition_of_Property\" >Definition of Property<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Theories_of_Property\" >Theories of Property<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Natural_Law_Theory\" >Natural Law Theory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Labour_Theory\" >Labour Theory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Legal_or_Positive_Theory\" >Legal or Positive Theory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Historical_Theory\" >Historical Theory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Psychological_Theory\" >Psychological Theory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Sociological_Theory\" >Sociological Theory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Marxist_Theory\" >Marxist Theory<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Kinds_of_Property\" >Kinds of Property<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Corporeal_and_Incorporeal_Property\" >Corporeal and Incorporeal Property<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Movable_and_Immovable_Property\" >Movable and Immovable Property<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Tangible_and_Intangible_Property\" >Tangible and Intangible Property<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Public_and_Private_Property\" >Public and Private Property<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Absolute_and_Limited_Property\" >Absolute and Limited Property<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Vested_and_Contingent_Property\" >Vested and Contingent Property<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Encumbrances\" >Encumbrances<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Servitudes\" >Servitudes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Difference_Between_Encumbrances_and_Servitudes\" >Difference Between Encumbrances and Servitudes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-definition-of-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definition_of_Property\"><\/span>Definition of Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In simple legal terms, property means anything over which a person can exercise legally recognised rights. These rights usually include the right to possess, use, enjoy, transfer and stop others from using it. All these rights are subject to the limits set by law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the jurist John Salmond, property in its widest sense includes all the rights a person has \u2014 whether against the whole world or against particular persons. In a narrower and more common sense, property refers mainly to rights over physical objects or similar proprietary interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-theories-of-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Theories_of_Property\"><\/span>Theories of Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several theories explain how the idea of property began and why it is justified:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-natural-law-theory\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Natural_Law_Theory\"><\/span>Natural Law Theory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Property is a natural right. It comes from human nature and the basic need to possess and use things for survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-labour-theory\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Labour_Theory\"><\/span>Labour Theory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linked mainly to John Locke, this theory says a person gets ownership rights by mixing his labour with natural resources. However, he must leave enough for others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-legal-or-positive-theory\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_or_Positive_Theory\"><\/span>Legal or Positive Theory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Property rights exist only because the law recognises and protects them. The law itself decides the nature and limits of ownership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-historical-theory\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Theory\"><\/span>Historical Theory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Property developed slowly over time. It moved from common or shared possession to individual ownership as society became more organised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-psychological-theory\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Psychological_Theory\"><\/span>Psychological Theory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This theory links property to the natural human desire to own things, control them and keep others away from them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-sociological-theory\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociological_Theory\"><\/span>Sociological Theory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Property is a social institution. It should serve both individual needs and the good of society. Therefore, property rights can be limited for public benefit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-marxist-theory\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Marxist_Theory\"><\/span>Marxist Theory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels criticised private ownership of the means of production. They believed it caused class inequality and exploitation. They supported collective ownership instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-kinds-of-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kinds_of_Property\"><\/span>Kinds of Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Property can be classified in several ways. These classifications often overlap:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-corporeal-and-incorporeal-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Corporeal_and_Incorporeal_Property\"><\/span>Corporeal and Incorporeal Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corporeal property consists of tangible physical things such as land, buildings, vehicles and goods. Incorporeal property consists of intangible rights such as patents, copyrights, trademarks and certain debts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-movable-and-immovable-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Movable_and_Immovable_Property\"><\/span>Movable and Immovable Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Movable property includes goods and other things that can be moved from one place to another. Immovable property mainly includes land, things permanently fixed to the earth, and rights connected with land. Indian statutes such as the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 and the General Clauses Act, 1897 give detailed definitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-tangible-and-intangible-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tangible_and_Intangible_Property\"><\/span>Tangible and Intangible Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tangible property has a physical form. Intangible property consists of rights or interests that have no physical form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-public-and-private-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Public_and_Private_Property\"><\/span>Public and Private Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Public property is owned or controlled by the State or public bodies for public use. Private property belongs to individuals or private organisations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-absolute-and-limited-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Absolute_and_Limited_Property\"><\/span>Absolute and Limited Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Absolute ownership gives the fullest rights allowed by law (subject only to general legal limits). Limited ownership gives only specific rights, such as a life interest or a lease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-vested-and-contingent-property\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vested_and_Contingent_Property\"><\/span>Vested and Contingent Property<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A vested interest is a fixed and present right of ownership, even if the person cannot enjoy it immediately. A contingent interest depends on the happening of some uncertain future event.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-encumbrances\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Encumbrances\"><\/span>Encumbrances<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An encumbrance is a legal burden, claim or restriction on property (especially immovable property). It limits the owner\u2019s freedom to use, enjoy or sell the property. An encumbrance does not always transfer ownership. The owner may still keep the title, but the property remains subject to someone else\u2019s legal rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common examples are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mortgage<\/strong> \u2013 The property is given as security for a loan. An interest in the property is transferred as per the Transfer of Property Act, 1882.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Charge<\/strong> \u2013 The property is made security for a debt, but without creating the same type of interest as a mortgage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lien<\/strong> \u2013 A legal right to keep possession of property until a debt or obligation is paid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lease<\/strong> \u2013 The right to possess and use the property is given to another person for a fixed period or on agreed terms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Easement<\/strong> \u2013 A limited right over another person\u2019s land for a specific purpose (such as passage, light or drainage).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Restrictive covenants<\/strong> \u2013 Legal restrictions that limit how the property can be used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact effect of any encumbrance depends on the relevant law and the terms of the document that creates it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-servitudes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Servitudes\"><\/span>Servitudes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A servitude is a limited legal right that one person (or one property) enjoys over the property of another. In Indian law, this idea is mainly covered by the law of easements under the Indian Easements Act, 1882.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Right of way (the right to pass through another person\u2019s land);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Right to light and air through specific openings (when the legal conditions are met);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Right of drainage or discharge of water;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Right of support from neighbouring land or buildings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Servitudes (or easements) can be created by express grant, implied grant, long use (prescription) or necessity. They restrict the use of the burdened property but do not transfer its ownership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-difference-between-encumbrances-and-servitudes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_Between_Encumbrances_and_Servitudes\"><\/span>Difference Between Encumbrances and Servitudes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEncumbrance\u201d is a broad term. It covers any legal burden or claim on property \u2014 such as mortgages, charges, liens, leases, restrictive covenants and easements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A servitude (or easement) is a more specific type of limited right. It affects the use or enjoyment of land for the benefit of another person or property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Basis of Difference<\/th><th>Encumbrances<\/th><th>Servitudes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th>Meaning<\/th><td>\u201cEncumbrance\u201d is a broad term. It covers any legal burden or claim on property \u2014 such as mortgages, charges, liens, leases, restrictive covenants and easements.<\/td><td>A servitude (or easement) is a more specific type of limited right.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Nature<\/th><td>It may involve a financial claim, a restriction or another legal interest affecting property.<\/td><td>It affects the use or enjoyment of land for the benefit of another person or property.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Relationship<\/th><td>Encumbrances include various types of legal burdens and claims.<\/td><td>Servitudes are a specific category of limited property rights.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, every servitude is an encumbrance, but every encumbrance is not a servitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Property is not just a physical object. It is a set of legally recognised rights and interests. Different theories try to explain how property began and why it is justified. The various kinds of property show their different forms. Encumbrances and servitudes show that ownership is rarely absolute. The law always tries to balance the rights of the owner with the rights of others and the larger interests of society. A clear understanding of these ideas is important for both the theory and the practical working of property law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links yoast-seo-related-links\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/encumbrance-certificate-ec-in-india-meaning-types-documents-how-to-apply\/\">Encumbrance Certificate (EC) in India: Meaning, Types, Documents &amp; How to Apply<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/tnreginet-tamil-nadu-encumbrance-certificate-online\/\">TNREGINET &#8211; Tamil Nadu Encumbrance Certificate Online<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/algorithmic-consumer-india-ai-liability-reforms-2025\/\">The Algorithmic Consumer: Reforming India&#8217;s Product Liability Framework for AI-Driven Harms in 2025<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/legal-theory-or-jurisprudence-meaning-nature-scope-and-significance\/\">Legal Theory or Jurisprudence: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Significance<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/theories-purposes-and-measures-of-punishment-in-criminal-justice\/\">Theories, Purposes and Measures of Punishment in Criminal Justice<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Property is a key idea in jurisprudence. It deals with the legal rights and interests a person can have over things. These rights cover not only physical objects like land, houses and goods, but also intangible things such as intellectual property. The law defines, protects and controls property rights to keep social order, support<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[4505],"tags":[5252],"class_list":["post-34475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-jurisprudence","tag-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.6 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Property in Jurisprudence: Theories, Definition, Kinds, Encumbrances and Servitudes - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn the theories of property in jurisprudence, its definition, types, encumbrances, servitudes and key legal principles.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Property in Jurisprudence: Theories, Definition, Kinds, Encumbrances and Servitudes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn the theories of property in jurisprudence, its definition, types, encumbrances, servitudes and key legal principles.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/property-in-jurisprudence-theories-definition-kinds-encumbrances-and-servitudes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-22T11:50:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-22T11:55:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. 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Imran Wahab","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","caption":"Md. Imran Wahab"},"description":"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. 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