{"id":6400,"date":"2025-07-16T06:54:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T06:54:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=6400"},"modified":"2025-07-16T07:01:42","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T07:01:42","slug":"cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/","title":{"rendered":"Cinema, Censorship, and Communal Harmony"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maulana Arshad Madani Vs Union of India &amp; Ors. &#8211; Delhi High Court Judgment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maulana_Arshad_Madani_Vs_Union_of_India_Ors\"><\/span>Maulana Arshad Madani Vs Union of India &amp; Ors.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Date of Order:<\/strong> 10.07.2025<br><strong>Case Number:<\/strong> W.P.(C) 9362\/2025<br><strong>Neutral Citation:<\/strong> 2025:DHC:5466-DB<br><strong>Court:<\/strong> High Court of Delhi at New Delhi<br><strong>Judges:<\/strong> Hon&#8217;ble the Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Hon&#8217;ble Mr. Justice Anish Dayal<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Maulana_Arshad_Madani_Vs_Union_of_India_Ors_-_Delhi_High_Court_Judgment\" >Maulana Arshad Madani Vs Union of India &amp; Ors. - Delhi High Court Judgment<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Maulana_Arshad_Madani_Vs_Union_of_India_Ors\" >Maulana Arshad Madani Vs Union of India &amp; Ors.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Factual_Background\" >Factual Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Procedural_Background\" >Procedural Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Core_Dispute\" >Core Dispute<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Discussion_on_Judgments\" >Discussion on Judgments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Reasoning_and_Analysis_of_the_Judge\" >Reasoning and Analysis of the Judge<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Final_Decision\" >Final Decision<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/cinema-censorship-and-communal-harmony\/#Law_Settled_in_This_Case\" >Law Settled in This Case<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The case of <strong>Maulana Arshad Madani vs Union of India &amp; Ors.<\/strong>, decided by the Delhi High Court on 10th July 2025, delves into the complex intersection between freedom of expression, public order, and the regulatory mechanisms governing film certification in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This Public Interest Litigation (PIL) challenged the certification of the film <em>\u201cUdaipur Files\u201d<\/em> by the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) under the Cinematograph Act, 1952. The petitioner contended that the film promoted communal disharmony and vilification of a specific community, thereby violating statutory principles and constitutional values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The case raises important questions about the limits of creative freedom, the regulatory framework for film certification, and the remedies available to an aggrieved party post-certification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factual_Background\"><\/span>Factual Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The petitioner, Maulana Arshad Madani, approached the Delhi High Court asserting that the film <em>\u201cUdaipur Files\u201d<\/em> was granted certification for public exhibition by the CBFC on 20th June 2025. Following the certification, the producers released its teaser\/trailer on social media on 26th June 2025, containing several allegedly uncertified portions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The CBFC issued a Show Cause Notice to the producer on 1st July 2025 under Rule 27 of the Cinematograph (Certification) Rules, 2024. The producer responded on 2nd July 2025, admitting the uncensored teaser was uploaded due to contractual obligations and promotional commitments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The petitioner argued that the film, even after CBFC-ordered cuts, continued to depict a religious community negatively, suggesting involvement in terrorism and communal violence. This, the petitioner claimed, could incite hatred and disturb communal harmony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Procedural_Background\"><\/span>Procedural Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The writ petition, W.P.(C) 9362\/2025, sought a writ of certiorari to quash the film\u2019s certification and restrain its release. On 9th July 2025, the Court directed a special screening of the film and trailer for all parties&#8217; counsels. Both petitioner and respondents submitted notes summarizing their observations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The respondents urged deferment, citing a pending writ before the Supreme Court under Article 32 involving similar issues. They referred to media reports that the Supreme Court permitted the film\u2019s release. The petitioner countered that no such order was passed. The Delhi High Court rejected deferment, citing no binding stay or release order from the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Core_Dispute\"><\/span>Core Dispute<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main issue was whether the CBFC certification of <em>\u201cUdaipur Files\u201d<\/em> violated Section 5B of the Cinematograph Act, 1952, and the 1991 guidelines issued by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The petitioner alleged the film incited communal hatred. The respondents argued that 55 cuts were made, and no further judicial interference was warranted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Discussion_on_Judgments\"><\/span>Discussion on Judgments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The respondents cited several judgments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S. Rangarajan v. P. Jagjivan Ram (1989) 2 SCC 574<\/strong> \u2013 Freedom of expression must not be suppressed unless it will lead to public disorder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prakash Jha Productions v. Union of India (2011) 8 SCC 372<\/strong> \u2013 Courts must defer to CBFC\u2019s expertise.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Viacom 18 Media Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India (2018) 1 SCC 761<\/strong> \u2013 Certified films may not be obstructed unless certification is stayed\/set aside.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The petitioner relied on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Amish Devgan v. Union of India (2021) 1 SCC 1<\/strong> \u2013 Hate speech is not protected by Article 19(1)(a).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The respondents also referred to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hiten Dhirajlal Mehta v. Bhansali Productions (2022 SCC OnLine Bom 372)<\/strong> \u2013 Appropriate remedy after certification lies under Article 226 or Section 6 of the Cinematograph Act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reasoning_and_Analysis_of_the_Judge\"><\/span>Reasoning and Analysis of the Judge<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Division Bench analyzed the Cinematograph Act, 1952. It noted:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Section 5A<\/strong> \u2013 Empowers CBFC to grant certification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Section 5B<\/strong> \u2013 Prohibits certification for films threatening public order or vilifying communities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court emphasized the binding nature of the 1991 guidelines. It also discussed the amended Section 6 (2023), which still allows the Central Government to revise certification on complaints or suo motu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While statutory remedies existed, the Court acknowledged the seriousness of the petition and allowed the petitioner to file a revision under Section 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Final_Decision\"><\/span>Final Decision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Delhi High Court disposed of the writ petition with a direction that the petitioner may approach the Central Government by 14th July 2025. If an application for interim relief is made, the Central Government must decide it within a week after hearing the producer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As an interim measure, the Court stayed the release of the film <em>\u201cUdaipur Files\u201d<\/em> until the Central Government&#8217;s decision. The Court also directed the CBFC to take appropriate legal action for the teaser violation under Rule 27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Law_Settled_in_This_Case\"><\/span>Law Settled in This Case<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The judgment affirms that judicial review under Article 226 remains available post-certification, but statutory remedies like Section 6 must generally be exhausted first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court reaffirmed the 1991 guidelines&#8217; binding nature and the CBFC&#8217;s responsibility to ensure communal harmony. It emphasized the need to balance freedom of expression with protection against hate speech.<br><strong>Disclaimer:&nbsp;<\/strong>The information shared here is intended to serve the public interest by offering insights and perspectives. However, readers are advised to exercise their own discretion when interpreting and applying this information. The content herein is subjective and may contain errors in perception, interpretation, and presentation.<br><br><strong>Written By: Advocate Ajay Amitabh Suman<\/strong>, IP Adjutor &#8211; Patent and Trademark Attorney<br>Email: ajayamitabhsuman@gmail.com, Ph no: 9990389539<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maulana Arshad Madani Vs Union of India &amp; Ors. &#8211; Delhi High Court Judgment Maulana Arshad Madani Vs Union of India &amp; Ors. Date of Order: 10.07.2025Case Number: W.P.(C) 9362\/2025Neutral Citation: 2025:DHC:5466-DBCourt: High Court of Delhi at New DelhiJudges: Hon&#8217;ble the Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya and Hon&#8217;ble Mr. Justice Anish Dayal Introduction The case<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-6400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-intellectual-property","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6.1 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - 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He currently serves as a Patent and Trademark Attorney at United &amp; United, a leading intellectual property law firm. Deeply committed to legal scholarship, he has authored more than 900 articles on intellectual property law, published on major platforms including Legal Service India, Bar &amp; Bench, Live Law, SCC Online Blog, Legal Desire, SpicyIP, among others. Beyond his legal practice, he is also an accomplished writer and poet, with over 1,500 literary works and more than 20 books published in Hindi and English. 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