{"id":7193,"date":"2025-08-12T12:23:49","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T12:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=7193"},"modified":"2025-08-12T12:33:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T12:33:05","slug":"fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/","title":{"rendered":"Difference Between FIR Registration Provisions Under Section 154 CrPC &amp; Section 173 BNSS: A Comprehensive Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The registration of a <strong>First Information Report (FIR)<\/strong> is the first critical step in the criminal justice process. Traditionally, this procedure was governed by <strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/legal\/article-8752-section-154-176-crpc-information-to-the-police-and-their-powers-to-investigate-.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,<\/a> 1973 (CrPC)<\/strong>. However, with the introduction of the <strong>Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)<\/strong>, which replaces the CrPC, the provisions related to FIR registration have been modified and renumbered under <strong>Section 173 BNSS<\/strong>.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Legal_Provisions_CrPC_vs_BNSS\" >Legal Provisions: CrPC vs. BNSS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Key_Differences_Between_Section_154_CrPC_Section_173_BNSS\" >Key Differences Between Section 154 CrPC &amp; Section 173 BNSS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Judicial_Precedents_Interpretations\" >Judicial Precedents &amp; Interpretations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Critical_Analysis_Improvements_Challenges\" >Critical Analysis: Improvements &amp; Challenges<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Advantages_of_BNSS\" >Advantages of BNSS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Potential_Challenges\" >Potential Challenges<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#References\" >References:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" >Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Need_Help_Registering_an_FIR_or_Filing_a_Case\" >Need Help Registering an FIR or Filing a Case?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/fir-registration-crpc-section-154-vs-bnss-section-173-key-differences\/#Facing_a_Legal_Challenge_Get_Strong_Legal_Support_Today\" >Facing a Legal Challenge? Get Strong Legal Support Today!<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p>This article examines the <strong>key differences<\/strong> between the two provisions, supported by <strong>case laws and judicial interpretations<\/strong>, to provide a clear understanding of how FIR registration has evolved under the new legal framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Provisions_CrPC_vs_BNSS\"><\/span>Legal Provisions: CrPC vs. BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:upper-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Section 154 CrPC (Old Law)<br>Under the CrPC, <strong>Section 154<\/strong> dealt with the registration of FIRs. The key features were:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mandatory Registration<\/strong> \u2013 Police were legally bound to register an FIR upon receiving information about a <strong>cognizable offense<\/strong> (<em>Lalita Kumari v. Govt. of U.P., (2014) 2 SCC 1<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Oral or Written Complaint<\/strong> \u2013 The information could be given orally or in writing. If oral, it had to be reduced to writing by the officer and read over to the informant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Refusal to Register FIR<\/strong> \u2013 If the police refused, the informant could approach the <strong>Superintendent of Police (SP)<\/strong> under <strong>Section 154(3)<\/strong> or file a complaint before the Magistrate under <strong>Section 156(3)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zero FIR Concept<\/strong> \u2013 An FIR could be registered at any police station, irrespective of jurisdiction, and later transferred to the appropriate station (<em>Satvinder Kaur v. State, 1999 SCC (8) 728<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Section 173 BNSS (New Law) The BNSS retains most of the principles of FIR registration but introduces <strong>key changes<\/strong>:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Digital FIRs<\/strong> \u2013 Complaints can now be filed <strong>electronically<\/strong>, and the police must register the FIR without requiring the informant to be physically present (<em>Section 173(1) BNSS<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Preliminary Enquiry (Limited Cases)<\/strong> \u2013 While <em>Lalita Kumari<\/em> made FIR registration mandatory, BNSS allows a <strong>preliminary enquiry<\/strong> (within <strong>14 days<\/strong>) in cases where the offense carries a punishment of <strong>less than 3 years<\/strong> (<em>Section 173(1) Proviso<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mandatory Acknowledgment<\/strong> \u2013 Police must provide an <strong>acknowledgment receipt<\/strong> to the informant, whether the complaint is filed in person or online.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Time-Bound Action<\/strong> \u2013 The BNSS imposes stricter timelines for investigation, ensuring <strong>speedy justice<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Differences_Between_Section_154_CrPC_Section_173_BNSS\"><\/span>Key Differences Between Section 154 CrPC &amp; Section 173 BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Aspect<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Section 154 CrPC<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Section 173 BNSS<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Mode of Complaint<\/strong><\/td><td>Written\/Oral<\/td><td>Written\/Oral\/<strong>Electronic<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Preliminary Enquiry<\/strong><\/td><td>Not explicitly mentioned (only allowed in exceptional cases per <em>Lalita Kumari<\/em>)<\/td><td><strong>Allowed for offenses punishable with &lt; 3 years<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Zero FIR<\/strong><\/td><td>Recognized (judicially)<\/td><td><strong>Explicitly recognized<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Acknowledgment Receipt<\/strong><\/td><td>Not explicitly mandated<\/td><td><strong>Mandatory (physical\/digital)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Refusal Mechanism<\/strong><\/td><td>Complaint to SP\/Magistrate<\/td><td>Same, but with <strong>stricter accountability<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_Precedents_Interpretations\"><\/span>Judicial Precedents &amp; Interpretations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:upper-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalservicesindia.com\/law\/article\/1974\/5\/Registration-Of-FIR-Is-Mandatory-In-Cognizable-Offences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mandatory FIR Registration<\/a> (Lalita Kumari Case) The Supreme Court in <em>Lalita Kumari (2014)<\/em> held that <strong>registration of FIR is compulsory<\/strong> if the information discloses a cognizable offense. The police <strong>cannot conduct a preliminary enquiry<\/strong> unless it involves:<ul><li>Matrimonial disputes<\/li><li>Commercial offenses<\/li><li>Medical negligence cases<\/li><li>Cases requiring preliminary verification<\/li><\/ul>The BNSS <strong>codifies this exception<\/strong> but limits it to offenses punishable with <strong>less than 3 years<\/strong>. \u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"\/legal\/article-4370-zero-fir.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zero FIR<\/a> Concept (Satvinder Kaur Case) The SC in <em>Satvinder Kaur (1999)<\/em> ruled that an FIR can be lodged <strong>at any police station<\/strong>, even if the crime occurred outside its jurisdiction. The BNSS <strong>explicitly incorporates this principle<\/strong>, reducing jurisdictional delays.<br>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consequences of Non-Registration (Arnesh Kumar Case) In <em>Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar (2014)<\/em>, the SC warned against <strong>mechanical arrests<\/strong> without proper investigation. The BNSS reinforces this by ensuring <strong>transparency in FIR registration<\/strong> and imposing <strong>strict timelines<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critical_Analysis_Improvements_Challenges\"><\/span>Critical Analysis: Improvements &amp; Challenges<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_BNSS\"><\/span>Advantages of BNSS<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Digital FIRs<\/strong> \u2013 Reduces delays and increases accessibility.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Preliminary Enquiry Clarity<\/strong> \u2013 Prevents misuse in minor cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stricter Accountability<\/strong> \u2013 Mandatory acknowledgment prevents police inaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Potential_Challenges\"><\/span>Potential Challenges<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Misuse of Preliminary Enquiry<\/strong> \u2013 Police may delay FIR registration in serious cases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Digital Divide<\/strong> \u2013 Rural areas may face difficulties with e-FIRs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While <strong>Section 154 CrPC<\/strong> laid the foundation for FIR registration, <strong>Section 173 BNSS<\/strong> modernizes the process with <strong>digital complaints, mandatory acknowledgments, and limited preliminary enquiries<\/strong>. Judicial precedents like <em>Lalita Kumari<\/em> and <em>Satvinder Kaur<\/em> continue to guide the interpretation, ensuring that the <strong>right to speedy justice<\/strong> is upheld.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the <strong>effective implementation<\/strong> of these provisions will determine whether the BNSS truly enhances <strong>police accountability and victim protection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>References:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><a href=\"\/legal\/article-2870-lalita-kumari-v-s-state-of-u-p.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lalita Kumari v. Govt. of U.P.<\/a>, (2014) 2 SCC 1<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalservicesindia.com\/law\/article\/1567\/36\/COMPENSATION-FOR-DEATH-IN-A-MOTOR-ACCIDENT-DURING-VISIT-TO-INDIA-HOW-TO-ASSESS-IF-THE-DECEASED-WAS-AN-INDIAN-BUT-EMPLOYED-IN-FOREIGN-LAND\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Satvinder Kaur v. State<\/a>, 1999 SCC (8) 728<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em><a href=\"\/legal\/article-18571-arnesh-kumar-v-s-bihar-2014-a-judicial-reformation-of-personal-liberty-and-procedural-justice.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar<\/a>, (2014) 8 SCC 273<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"\/legal\/article-17009-transforming-justice-key-reforms-under-the-bharatiya-nagarik-suraksha-sanhita-2023.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>This analysis provides a <strong>balanced view<\/strong> of the evolution of FIR registration laws in India, ensuring clarity for legal practitioners, students, and citizens alike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>What is the key difference between FIR registration under CrPC and BNSS?<\/strong>The primary difference is that <strong>Section 173 BNSS<\/strong> introduces <strong>digital FIR registration<\/strong>, allows preliminary enquiries for minor offenses (punishable by &lt;3 years), and mandates <strong>acknowledgment receipts<\/strong>. Under <strong>Section 154 CrPC<\/strong>, FIRs were only oral\/written, and preliminary enquiries were limited (per <em>Lalita Kumari<\/em> judgment).<br>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Can an FIR be filed online under the BNSS?<\/strong><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Section 173 BNSS explicitly permits <strong>electronic FIR registration<\/strong>, eliminating the need for physical presence at a police station.<br>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>When can police conduct a preliminary enquiry before registering an FIR under BNSS?<\/strong>Only for offenses punishable with <strong>less than 3 years&#8217; imprisonment<\/strong> (e.g., minor assault, petty theft). For serious crimes (rape, murder, etc.), FIR registration remains <strong>mandatory without delay<\/strong>.<br>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What is a &#8220;Zero FIR,&#8221; and how does BNSS handle it?<\/strong>A <strong>Zero FIR<\/strong> allows complaints to be filed at any police station, regardless of jurisdiction. While courts recognized it under CrPC (<em>Satvinder Kaur case<\/em>), the BNSS <strong>explicitly codifies<\/strong> this provision to reduce jurisdictional delays.<br>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What if police refuse to register an FIR under BNSS?<\/strong>Like CrPC, the informant can:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Approach the <strong>Superintendent of Police (SP)<\/strong> under Section 173(3) BNSS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>File a complaint before a <strong>Magistrate<\/strong> under Section 176 BNSS (equivalent to CrPC&#8217;s Section 156(3)).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Is an acknowledgment receipt compulsory under BNSS?<\/strong><strong>Yes<\/strong>. Police must issue an acknowledgment (physical or digital) for every complaint, ensuring transparency and accountability.<br>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Does BNSS weaken mandatory FIR registration (per Lalita Kumari)?<\/strong>No. The BNSS retains the <em>Lalita Kumari<\/em> principle but <strong>adds exceptions<\/strong> for minor offenses. For cognizable offenses (e.g., rape, murder), FIR registration remains <strong>immediate and mandatory<\/strong>.<br>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>How does BNSS improve timelines for investigations?<\/strong>The BNSS imposes <strong>stricter deadlines<\/strong> for:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Completing preliminary enquiries (<strong>14 days<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wrapping up investigations (varies by offense severity).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Can rural areas with poor internet access file e-FIRs?<\/strong>While BNSS promotes digital complaints, <strong>oral\/written complaints<\/strong> remain valid. Challenges in rural areas may require policy interventions (e.g., mobile FIR units).<br>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Will BNSS reduce false FIRs?<\/strong>Potentially. By allowing preliminary enquiries for minor offences, it may curb frivolous complaints. However, critics worry it could also delay justice in genuine cases.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_Help_Registering_an_FIR_or_Filing_a_Case\"><\/span>Need Help Registering an FIR or Filing a Case?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Find expert lawyers in your city who can guide you through the process and protect your rights.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Facing_a_Legal_Challenge_Get_Strong_Legal_Support_Today\"><\/span>Facing a Legal Challenge? Get Strong Legal Support Today!<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Don&#8217;t navigate the complex legal system alone. Connect with trusted, experienced lawyers who will fight for your best interests.<br><br><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/lawyers\/lawyers_home.htm\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click Here to Find Top Lawyers in Your Area Now<\/a><br><br>Your first consultation is confidential &#8211; let&#8217;s discuss how we can protect your rights and achieve the best possible outcome for your case.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The registration of a First Information Report (FIR) is the first critical step in the criminal justice process. Traditionally, this procedure was governed by Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC). However, with the introduction of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), which replaces the CrPC, the provisions related to FIR<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":317,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[28],"class_list":{"0":"post-7193","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-criminal-law","7":"tag-top-news"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/317"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7193"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7193\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}