{"id":7214,"date":"2025-08-13T04:55:02","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T04:55:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=7214"},"modified":"2025-08-13T05:26:31","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T05:26:31","slug":"evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/","title":{"rendered":"Evidence-Based Policing: A Smarter, Safer Approach to Law Enforcement"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"container\" aria-label=\"Evidence-Based Policing content\">\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evidence-Based_Policing_EBP\"><\/span>Evidence-Based Policing (EBP)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) is a strategic approach to law enforcement that emphasizes the use of empirical research, data analysis, and proven interventions to guide policing decisions. Rather than relying solely on tradition, intuition, or anecdotal experience, EBP encourages police departments to adopt practices that have been scientifically tested and shown to reduce crime, improve community trust, and enhance officer safety.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Evidence-Based_Policing_EBP\" >Evidence-Based Policing (EBP)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Key_Principles_of_Evidence-Based_Policing\" >Key Principles of Evidence-Based Policing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Real-World_Examples_of_EBP_in_Action\" >Real-World Examples of EBP in Action<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Global_Adoption_and_Challenges\" >Global Adoption and Challenges<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Challenges_include\" >Challenges include:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Landmark_Case_Laws_and_Legal_Frameworks\" >Landmark Case Laws and Legal Frameworks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#How_Can_EBP_Be_Strengthened\" >How Can EBP Be Strengthened?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Indian_Context\" >Indian Context<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Drawbacks_of_EBP\" >Drawbacks of EBP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#People_Also_Ask_%E2%80%94_Evidence-Based_Policing\" >People Also Ask \u2014 Evidence-Based Policing<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#What_is_Evidence-Based_Policing_EBP\" >What is Evidence-Based Policing (EBP)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#What_are_the_key_principles_of_Evidence-Based_Policing\" >What are the key principles of Evidence-Based Policing?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#Can_you_give_examples_of_Evidence-Based_Policing_in_action\" >Can you give examples of Evidence-Based Policing in action?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#What_challenges_does_EBP_face_in_India\" >What challenges does EBP face in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/evidence-based-policing-a-smarter-safer-approach-to-law-enforcement\/#How_can_Evidence-Based_Policing_be_strengthened\" >How can Evidence-Based Policing be strengthened?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><em>At its core, EBP asks: What works, for whom, and under what circumstances?<\/em><\/p>\n<section class=\"section\" aria-labelledby=\"principles\">\n<h2 id=\"principles\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Principles_of_Evidence-Based_Policing\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalservicesindia.com\/article\/1173\/Basic-Principles-&amp;-Rules-of-Law-of-Evidence.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Key Principles of Evidence-Based Policing<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scientific Rigour<\/strong>: Use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), longitudinal studies, and meta-analyses to evaluate policing strategies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Data-Driven Decision Making<\/strong>: Integration of crime statistics, geographic mapping, and predictive analytics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Continuous Evaluation<\/strong>: Policies and practices are regularly assessed and refined based on outcomes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Community-Centric<\/strong>: Focus on legitimacy, transparency, and public trust.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"note\" aria-label=\"Note on scientific rigour\">\n<p><strong>Note: <\/strong>Scientific rigour in policing means using the most reliable research methods to figure out what works and what doesn&#8217;t. Instead of just guessing, researchers use randomized controlled trials (RCTs), where some areas get a new policing strategy and others don&#8217;t, to see if the strategy actually makes a difference. They also conduct longitudinal studies, which follow the same group of people or areas over a long period to see how crime and policing change over time. Lastly, meta-analyses are used to combine the results from many different studies on the same topic, giving a clearer, more powerful conclusion about a policing strategy&#8217;s effectiveness than any single study could provide. Together, these methods ensure that decisions about policing are based on strong evidence, not just assumptions.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<section class=\"section\" aria-labelledby=\"examples\">\n<h2 id=\"examples\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Real-World_Examples_of_EBP_in_Action\"><\/span>Real-World Examples of EBP in Action<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hot Spot Policing:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"sublist\">\n<li><strong>Concept<\/strong>: Deploying officers to small geographic areas with high crime rates.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evidence<\/strong>: Studies show significant reductions in crime without displacement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Example<\/strong>: In Minneapolis, targeted patrols in high-crime zones led to a 50% drop in violent crime.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Problem-Oriented Policing (POP):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"sublist\">\n<li><strong>Concept<\/strong>: Identifying specific problems and tailoring responses beyond traditional enforcement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evidence<\/strong>: POP initiatives often reduce repeat calls and improve community relations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Example<\/strong>: In Newport News, Virginia, a POP approach to burglaries led to a 35% reduction in incidents.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Focused Deterrence:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"sublist\">\n<li><strong>Concept<\/strong>: Communicating direct consequences to high-risk offenders while offering support.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evidence<\/strong>: Proven to reduce gang violence and recidivism.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Example<\/strong>: Boston\u2019s \u201cOperation Ceasefire\u201d reduced youth homicides by over 60%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\" aria-labelledby=\"adoption\">\n<h2 id=\"adoption\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Adoption_and_Challenges\"><\/span>Global Adoption and Challenges<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>United Kingdom<\/strong>: The College of Policing actively promotes EBP through training and research.<\/li>\n<li><strong>United States<\/strong>: Agencies like the LAPD and NYPD have embedded EBP into crime reduction strategies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>India<\/strong>: While still emerging, initiatives like predictive policing in Kerala and community policing in Tamil Nadu show promise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_include\"><\/span>Challenges include:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Resistance to change within departments<\/li>\n<li>Limited research capacity<\/li>\n<li>Data privacy and ethical concerns<\/li>\n<li>Need for cross-sector collaboration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\" aria-labelledby=\"legal\">\n<h2 id=\"legal\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Landmark_Case_Laws_and_Legal_Frameworks\"><\/span>Landmark Case Laws and Legal Frameworks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>While EBP is rooted in criminology and public policy, several legal precedents and frameworks support its implementation:<\/p>\n<table role=\"table\" aria-label=\"Case laws relevant to EBP\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Case Law \/ Statute<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Jurisdiction<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Relevance to Evidence-Based Policing (EBP)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/hate-speech-versus-freedom-of-speech-analysis-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terry v. Ohio<\/a>, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)<\/td>\n<td>United States<\/td>\n<td>This case allows police to stop and frisk someone if they have a reasonable suspicion of a crime. EBP helps define what &#8220;reasonable&#8221; means by using data to show if a particular policing action is actually effective and fair, moving beyond an officer&#8217;s personal hunch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"\/legal\/article-15428-understanding-theft-and-ingredients-of-theft.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R. v. Ghosh<\/a> [1982] QB 1053<\/td>\n<td>United Kingdom<\/td>\n<td>This case established a test for dishonesty. EBP can guide police by helping them develop and test investigative strategies to better identify dishonest behavior, making sure their efforts are effective and consistent across different cases.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"\/legal\/article-17822-safeguarding-fundamental-rights-the-impact-and-implementation-of-the-dk-basu-guidelines-on-custodial-violence-in-india.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal<\/a>, AIR 1997 SC 610<\/td>\n<td>India<\/td>\n<td>This ruling created clear guidelines to prevent police brutality and custodial deaths. EBP supports this by using data to monitor police actions, promoting transparency and accountability, and helping to ensure officers are following the mandated safeguards.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"\/legal\/article-10333-the-exigency-of-police-reforms-in-india.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prakash Singh v. Union of India<\/a>, (2006) 8 SCC 1<\/td>\n<td>India<\/td>\n<td>This judgment ordered major police reforms. EBP is central to these reforms because it promotes a professional, accountable police force that makes decisions based on solid evidence and data, rather than tradition or political influence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\" aria-labelledby=\"strengthen\">\n<h2 id=\"strengthen\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Can_EBP_Be_Strengthened\"><\/span>How Can EBP Be Strengthened?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Invest in police-academic partnerships<\/li>\n<li>Create open-access crime data portals<\/li>\n<li>Train officers in research literacy<\/li>\n<li>Engage communities in co-producing safety<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\" aria-labelledby=\"india\">\n<h2 id=\"india\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indian_Context\"><\/span>Indian Context<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>While Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) is increasingly recognized in India, its practical application is limited and varies significantly by state. A few cities, including Hyderabad, Kochi, and Delhi, have adopted elements like hotspot policing and predictive crime mapping; however, these are typically isolated initiatives, not integrated into a sustained, research-driven policing culture. Major obstacles to widespread adoption include poor data quality, a shortage of trained crime analysts, institutional resistance to change, and insufficient collaboration between police and academia. Consequently, decisions in many areas still rely heavily on experience, hierarchy, and political pressures rather than systematic evidence, rendering EBP in India more of a promising concept than a fully embedded practice.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\" aria-labelledby=\"drawbacks\">\n<h2 id=\"drawbacks\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Drawbacks_of_EBP\"><\/span>Drawbacks of EBP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>While Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) holds promise, it faces significant challenges, particularly within the Indian context. It relies heavily on robust, timely, and comprehensive data, a critical resource often lacking in many Indian police departments due to poor record-keeping, widespread underreporting of crimes, and outdated digital infrastructure. For instance, predictive policing initiatives in Hyderabad have raised concerns regarding algorithmic bias, as systems trained on incomplete or skewed datasets risk unfairly targeting specific communities and reinforcing existing prejudices.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, EBP can inadvertently overemphasize measurable outcomes, such as crime rates, at the expense of less quantifiable yet equally crucial aspects like building community trust or upholding human rights. Furthermore, the deployment of advanced technological tools, such as facial recognition, without robust safeguards, poses a serious risk to privacy and civil liberties; debates surrounding AI surveillance projects in Delhi and Telangana exemplify these concerns. These critical issues underscore that EBP, if not implemented with transparency, inclusivity, and rigorous ethical oversight, can inadvertently perpetuate systemic injustice rather than serving as a tool for crime prevention and fairness.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section\" aria-labelledby=\"conclusion\">\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Evidence-Based Policing is more than a set of tools; it&#8217;s a fundamental shift in how law enforcement operates. It&#8217;s a mindset that empowers police to act with <strong>precision<\/strong>, <strong>accountability<\/strong>, and <strong>compassion<\/strong> by grounding every decision in solid data and research. This approach moves policing from relying on tradition or guesswork to using what we know actually works. Ultimately, EBP offers a clear path toward building safer communities and creating a more just policing system for everyone.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n\n\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<!-- responsive -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9757683154964762\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3315816414\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"faq\">\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"People_Also_Ask_%E2%80%94_Evidence-Based_Policing\"><\/span>People Also Ask \u2014 Evidence-Based Policing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Evidence-Based_Policing_EBP\"><\/span>What is Evidence-Based Policing (EBP)?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <p>Evidence-Based Policing is a strategy that uses research, data, and scientifically tested methods to guide police actions, aiming to reduce crime, enhance community trust, and improve officer safety.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_key_principles_of_Evidence-Based_Policing\"><\/span>What are the key principles of Evidence-Based Policing?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <p>The main principles include scientific rigour, data-driven decision-making, continuous evaluation of strategies, and a community-centric approach focused on trust and transparency.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_you_give_examples_of_Evidence-Based_Policing_in_action\"><\/span>Can you give examples of Evidence-Based Policing in action?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <p>Yes. Examples include Hot Spot Policing (targeting high-crime areas), Problem-Oriented Policing (tailoring solutions to specific issues), and Focused Deterrence (warning high-risk offenders while offering support).<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_challenges_does_EBP_face_in_India\"><\/span>What challenges does EBP face in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <p>Challenges include poor data quality, lack of trained crime analysts, resistance to change within departments, and limited collaboration between police and academia.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"faq-item\">\n    <h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_can_Evidence-Based_Policing_be_strengthened\"><\/span>How can Evidence-Based Policing be strengthened?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n    <p>It can be strengthened through police-academic partnerships, open-access crime data portals, officer training in research literacy, and active community engagement in safety strategies.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) is a strategic approach to law enforcement that emphasizes the use of empirical research, data analysis, and proven interventions to guide policing decisions. Rather than relying solely on tradition, intuition, or anecdotal experience, EBP encourages police departments to adopt practices that have been scientifically tested and shown to reduce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[28],"class_list":{"0":"post-7214","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-criminal-law","7":"tag-top-news"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7214"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7214\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}