{"id":7240,"date":"2025-08-13T10:56:32","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T10:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/"},"modified":"2025-08-23T11:43:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-23T11:43:08","slug":"uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/","title":{"rendered":"Uniform Civil Code: Balancing right to equality and freedom of religion"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"section\">\n<p>Part IV of the Constitution of India provides for the Directive Principles of State Policy. One such directive principle is enshrined under Article 44 of the Constitution which provides that the State shall endeavour to secure the citizen a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India. Article 37 of the Constitution clarifies that although the directive principles are not enforceable by any court, they are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. It also provides that it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#Background\" >Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#Contentions_and_Challenges\" >Contentions and Challenges<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#Balancing_Right_to_Equality_and_Freedom_of_Religion\" >Balancing Right to Equality and Freedom of Religion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_on_Uniform_Civil_Code_UCC_in_India\" >Frequently Asked Questions on Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#What_is_the_Uniform_Civil_Code_UCC_in_India\" >What is the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#What_does_Article_44_of_the_Constitution_say_about_UCC\" >What does Article 44 of the Constitution say about UCC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#Why_is_the_Uniform_Civil_Code_considered_important\" >Why is the Uniform Civil Code considered important?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#What_are_the_main_challenges_in_implementing_the_UCC\" >What are the main challenges in implementing the UCC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#What_has_the_Supreme_Court_said_about_the_UCC\" >What has the Supreme Court said about the UCC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#Which_state_in_India_currently_follows_a_Uniform_Civil_Code\" >Which state in India currently follows a Uniform Civil Code?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#Does_the_Right_to_Freedom_of_Religion_prevent_UCC_implementation\" >Does the Right to Freedom of Religion prevent UCC implementation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#What_is_the_difference_between_religious_practices_and_secular_activities\" >What is the difference between religious practices and secular activities?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#How_can_the_UCC_promote_gender_equality\" >How can the UCC promote gender equality?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion\/#What_is_the_way_forward_for_UCC_implementation_in_India\" >What is the way forward for UCC implementation in India?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>One of the most contentious issues in the country is the Uniform Civil Code. The debate revolves around the clash between the right to equality and the lack of religious discrimination on the one hand, and religious freedom on the other. The Uniform Civil Code seeks to establish a common set of civil rules that apply to all citizens, regardless of religious beliefs, in marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span>Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"section\">\n<p>In 1985, the Supreme Court in <em> <a href=\"\/legal\/article-216-case-analysis-mohd-ahmad-khan-v-s-shah-bano-begum.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mohammad Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum<\/a><\/em>, suggested the Parliament to enact a Uniform Civil Code. The court observed that, \u201cit is a matter of regret that Article 44 of our Constitution has remained a dead letter. A common Civil Code will help the cause of national integration by removing disparate loyalties to laws which have conflicting ideologies.\u201d This was reiterated in <em> <a href=\"\/legal\/article-5305-uniform-civil-code-a-boon-to-indian-women.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jorden Diengdeh v. S.S. Chopra<\/a><\/em> wherein the Court was of the view that a legislative intervention was warranted in order to provide for a uniform code of marriage and divorce. The court in <em> <a href=\"\/legal\/article-9651-case-analysis-sarla-mudgal-v-s-union-of-india.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India<\/a><\/em> insisted on the need for a UCC and held that fundamental rights relating to religion of members of any community would not be affected thereby.<\/p>\n<p>After <em>Sarla Mudgal<\/em>\u2019s case, there appears a slight shift in the judicial trend. The court in <em> <a href=\"\/legal\/article-18612-uniform-civil-code-balancing-right-to-equality-and-freedom-of-religion.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pannalal Bansilal v. State of Andhra Pradesh<\/a><\/em> emphasized that a uniform law, though highly desirable, enactment thereof in one go perhaps may be counter-productive to unity and integrity of the nation. In a democratic country, laws should be made uniform slowly and gradually and not abruptly. The Government should entrust the responsibility to the Law Commission which may in consultation with Minorities Commission examine the matter and bring about a comprehensive legislation. The court also clarified that the opinion of the court in <em>Sarla Mudgal<\/em>\u2019s case is not binding and is merely a suggestion. But, in the year 2003, Chief Justice V.N. Khare in <em>John Vallamattom v. Union of India<\/em> again insisted that a uniform civil code will help the cause of national integration by removing the contradictions based on ideologies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Goa:<\/strong> Goa, a former Portuguese colony, has had a Uniform Civil Code since 1961 when it was liberated from Portuguese rule. The Goa Daman and Diu Administration Act of 1962, which was passed after Goa joined the union as a territory in 1961, gave the state of Goa permission to apply the Portuguese Civil Code of 1867, subject to amendment and repeal by the appropriate legislative body. The code was introduced to ensure equality and justice for all irrespective of their religious beliefs. Under the Goa Civil Code, all residents are subject to the same laws regarding marriage, divorce, and inheritance. The implementation of the UCC in Goa has been hailed as a progressive step towards gender equality and social harmony.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contentions_and_Challenges\"><\/span>Contentions and Challenges<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"section\">\n<p>Proponents of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalservicesindia.com\/article\/394\/Should-India-have-a-Uniform-Civil-Code?.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uniform Civil Code<\/a> argue that a unified code would promote gender equality, modernise laws, and reduce discrepancies that lead to legal ambiguity and disputes. A well-drafted UCC might end discrimination and secure equal rights for women in inheritance, marriage, and divorce. A standard set of regulations that apply to all residents, regardless of religious affiliation, could foster a sense of togetherness and social cohesion. Opponents claim that introducing a UCC will be regarded as an infringement on cultural and religious practices, resulting in opposition and societal turmoil.<\/p>\n<p>In India, personal laws vary widely across communities, regulating issues such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption. In such a multi-religious society, implementing a UCC presents complex legal challenges. The need to harmonize these diverse laws while respecting religious sentiments and fundamental rights poses significant constitutional hurdles. The constitutional framework requires a delicate balance between individual rights and the state\u2019s responsibility to ensure gender equality and social justice. The implementation of a UCC would require extensive legislative reforms, as it would entail changes in various personal laws pertaining to marriage, divorce, succession, and more. Legal complexities arise due to the intricate interplay between religious texts, constitutional rights, and social practices.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Balancing_Right_to_Equality_and_Freedom_of_Religion\"><\/span>Balancing Right to Equality and Freedom of Religion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"section\">\n<p>The Right to Freedom of Religion, guaranteed by Article 25(1) of the Constitution, is not an absolute right by nature. All Indian citizens are entitled to freedom of religion, freedom of conscience, and freedom to profess, practice, and propagate their chosen religion, according to Article 25(1). However, it is also subject to the other provisions of Part III, notably Articles 14 and 15\u2019s Right to Equality. However, even if freedom of religion includes the right to be subject to personal law, it does not include the right to continue depriving some groups of persons who are subject to such personal law of equality or personal liberty. As a result, the sovereign legislature may still intervene in matters of personal law.<\/p>\n<p>In <em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalservicesindia.com\/article\/2349\/Santhara:-A-Path-To-Death.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nikhil Soni v. Union of India<\/a><\/em>, the distinction between fundamentally religious practices and secular practices was outlined. The court made it clear that while a practice may be religious, it need not be a fundamental component of the religion. Only those religious practices that are an essential and integral component of religion are protected by the Constitution under Article 25(1). Other practices fall under the category of secular activities, which are not protected and are subject to legislative regulation.<\/p>\n<p>Witchcraft, superstition, ordeals, sati, child marriage, bans on widow remarriage, caste discrimination, triple talaq, and polygamy are examples of practices that may be prohibited or regulated. Therefore, the Legislature would be competent to make a uniform law relating to such secular activities by putting <a href=\"\/legal\/article-10757-analysis-uniform-civil-code-article-44.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article 44 of the Constitution<\/a> into practice once it is held that there are customs and practices which do not constitute part of the essence of religion but are only a secular activity connected with religion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"section\">\n<p>Any attempt to implement a UCC must be approached with sensitivity and careful consideration of fundamental rights to equality and freedom of religion. Striking a balance between unity and diversity is a delicate task that necessitates careful consideration of constitutional principles and social sensitivities. The aim should be to cultivate an inclusive society that embraces the ideals of equality, justice, and unity, while respecting the cultural and religious diversity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<br><br>\n<blockquote>\n  <p>\n    <strong>Award-Winning Article Written By: Ms.Sakshi Tripathi <\/strong>\n  <\/p>\n  <figure>\n    <img decoding=\"async\" \n      src=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/images\/ae-1.png\" \n      alt=\"Certificate of Excellence awarded by Legal Service India\" \n      style=\"border: 0; width: auto; height: auto;\">\n    <figcaption>\n      Authentication No: AU523466457652-22-0825\n    <\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<hr><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<!-- responsive -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9757683154964762\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3315816414\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><hr>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"ucc-faq\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_on_Uniform_Civil_Code_UCC_in_India\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions on Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Uniform_Civil_Code_UCC_in_India\"><\/span>What is the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) refers to a set of common civil laws governing marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption for all citizens, irrespective of religion, as envisaged under Article 44 of the Constitution of India. It aims to promote equality, justice, and national integration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_does_Article_44_of_the_Constitution_say_about_UCC\"><\/span>What does Article 44 of the Constitution say about UCC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Article 44, part of the Directive Principles of State Policy, directs the State to endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code throughout India. While not enforceable by any court, it is fundamental to the governance of the country as per Article 37.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_the_Uniform_Civil_Code_considered_important\"><\/span>Why is the Uniform Civil Code considered important?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Proponents argue that a UCC ensures gender equality, modernises outdated personal laws, and removes discrepancies between religious laws. It can help end discriminatory practices such as polygamy, triple talaq, and unequal inheritance rights for women.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_main_challenges_in_implementing_the_UCC\"><\/span>What are the main challenges in implementing the UCC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Challenges include reconciling diverse religious personal laws, addressing constitutional concerns over freedom of religion, and managing social resistance. Implementing UCC requires extensive legal reforms and careful balancing of equality and religious freedom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_has_the_Supreme_Court_said_about_the_UCC\"><\/span>What has the Supreme Court said about the UCC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In cases like <em>Shah Bano (1985)<\/em>, <em>Jorden Diengdeh<\/em>, and <em>Sarla Mudgal<\/em>, the Court highlighted the need for a UCC to promote national integration. However, in <em>Pannalal Bansilal<\/em>, the Court suggested gradual implementation to avoid societal disruption.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_state_in_India_currently_follows_a_Uniform_Civil_Code\"><\/span>Which state in India currently follows a Uniform Civil Code?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Goa has had a Uniform Civil Code since 1961, based on the Portuguese Civil Code of 1867. It applies equally to all residents in matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance, regardless of religion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_the_Right_to_Freedom_of_Religion_prevent_UCC_implementation\"><\/span>Does the Right to Freedom of Religion prevent UCC implementation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No. While Article 25 guarantees freedom of religion, it is subject to Articles 14 and 15 ensuring equality. Secular aspects of personal laws, such as inheritance and marriage, can be regulated by the State under Article 44 without violating religious freedom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_religious_practices_and_secular_activities\"><\/span>What is the difference between religious practices and secular activities?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court in <em>Nikhil Soni v. Union of India<\/em> clarified that only essential religious practices are protected under Article 25. Secular practices connected to religion, like child marriage or polygamy, can be regulated or prohibited by law.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_can_the_UCC_promote_gender_equality\"><\/span>How can the UCC promote gender equality?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>By replacing discriminatory personal laws with a single set of rules, the UCC can ensure equal rights in marriage, divorce, adoption, and inheritance, removing gender-based biases prevalent in some religious laws.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_way_forward_for_UCC_implementation_in_India\"><\/span>What is the way forward for UCC implementation in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Law Commission and Minorities Commission should work together to draft a balanced and inclusive UCC, ensuring it respects cultural diversity while promoting constitutional values of equality, justice, and unity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This write-up looks at the Uniform Civil Code in India and how it tries to balance the right to equality with the freedom of religion. It covers key court cases, the example of Goa, arguments for and against the UCC, and why any change needs to be gradual and sensitive to India\u2019s diversity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":310,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[28,869],"class_list":{"0":"post-7240","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-personal-laws","7":"tag-top-news","8":"tag-ucc"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/310"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7240"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7240\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}