{"id":7543,"date":"2025-08-21T18:42:31","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T18:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/"},"modified":"2025-08-24T08:04:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-24T08:04:46","slug":"when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/","title":{"rendered":"When Machine Judges ; the justice of Robo Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abstract\"><\/span>Abstract<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cI am concerned that AI can be used to alter or even manufacture evidence. I am not sure how we will deal with this or even, in some cases, recognize a problem\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cI predict that human judges will be around for a while,\u201d Mr. Roberts wrote. \u201cBut with equal confidence I predict that judicial work \u2014 particularly at the trial level will be significantly affected by AI.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>Technological advances are commonplace and there is nothing inherently improper about using a reliable artificial intelligence tool for assistance. But existing rules impose a gatekeeping role on attorneys to ensure the accuracy of their filings.\u201d~. <b>Justice P. Cavin Castle <\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"section\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Whenever the word AI comes to our mind, words like computer, technologies that tend to work like humans, and intelligentsia working parallel to the human brain, and task bombing. The <b>Artificial Intelligence<\/b>, a computer technology or an application that typically performs those tasks that generally require human intelligence, such as solving sums, remembering data moreover decision making or many functions to mimic human cognitive functions.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Abstract\" >Abstract<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Introduction\" >Introduction:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#E-Courts\" >E-Courts<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Key_Features_of_an_e-Court\" >Key Features of an e-Court:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Benefits_of_e-Courts\" >Benefits of e-Courts<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#E-Courts_in_India_Example\" >E-Courts in India (Example)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#The_Role_of_AI_in_Crime_Detection_and_Investigation\" >The Role of AI in Crime Detection and Investigation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Crime_Prediction_and_Prevention\" >Crime Prediction and Prevention<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Criminal_Identification\" >Criminal Identification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Cyber_crime_Investigation\" >Cyber crime Investigation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Social_Media_and_Communication_Monitoring\" >Social Media and Communication Monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Case_Management_and_Legal_Aid\" >Case Management and Legal Aid<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Benefits_of_AI_in_Crime_Investigation\" >Benefits of AI in Crime Investigation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#UNESCO_Judges_Initiative\" >UNESCO Judges Initiative<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Concerns_with_AI_in_Law\" >Concerns with AI in Law<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Judicial_Warnings\" >Judicial Warnings<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Judicial_Independence\" >Judicial Independence<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/when-machine-judges-the-justice-of-robo-law\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>How easy it is to get whatever you want just by giving a prompt to the bot, and you\u2019re good to go. But the real problem arises when these artificial intelligentsia are not able to feel like human, don\u2019t know anything about morality, ethics, the point to make unbiased moral decisions. But how things are concerned with laws. Are laws also like science, that is, static, which is once proved and cannot be changed so frequently? Is law as same as mathematical calculation that is definite to give only a single absolute answer.<\/p>\n<p>No, not really, things are not the same in law; law is a living body that keeps on changing, evolving, enlarging its ambit, widening its connotations, and requires ethics, morals, justice, equity, good conscience, just, fair and reasonable, prudent way of thinking to come to a conclusive decision. All the things mentioned in the preceding asserted statement require a real human brain, not an artificial one, to think like humans.<\/p>\n<p>Giving judgments cannot be based on a single formula, so the judges only need to apply it, and they will get a conclusive judgment. Every case is different in its own way, facts being different, modus operandi being different, the requirements as per the time are different, the judges cannot pass the judgment that they passed in their last case. But like every other creation of anything, everything comes with both pros and cons, and here in this short blog, I am going to discuss AI in the legal profession, its benefits and its harms.<\/p>\n<p>Starting with the positive side of the object, the affirmative approach to look at the facts, The Ai did has made a lot of things simple in the judicial profession. By saying that Artificial Intelligence has made the working of the judicial processes more efficient, more accessible to everyone who has a technological gadget in his or her hand, the time it used to take has been reduced and that as well a very significant difference one can see. The very good creation one can see being a part of the legal field is the e-court thing. Now, what is an e-court?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"section\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E-Courts\"><\/span>E-Courts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An e-Court (electronic court) is a digital platform that allows various judicial processes to be conducted electronically, without the need for physical presence in a courtroom. It is part of the broader effort to modernize the judiciary and improve access to justice through the use of technology.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Features_of_an_e-Court\"><\/span>Key Features of an e-Court:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol class=\"ecourt-features\">\n<li><strong>Online Case Filing (e-Filing)<\/strong><br \/>\nParties can file cases, applications, or petitions online.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Virtual Hearings<\/strong><br \/>\nHearings can be conducted via video conferencing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Digital Document Management:<\/strong><br \/>\nCase-related documents are stored and managed electronically. Judges, lawyers, and litigants can access them securely.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Online Case Status and Orders:<\/strong><br \/>\nParties can track case status, view court orders, and judgments online.<\/li>\n<li><strong>E-Payments:<\/strong><br \/>\nCourt fees, fines, and penalties can be paid electronically.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Automated Scheduling and Notifications:<\/strong><br \/>\nParties are informed about hearings and updates through SMS\/email alerts.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_e-Courts\"><\/span>Benefits of e-Courts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Faster resolution of cases<\/li>\n<li>Reduced backlog and administrative workload<\/li>\n<li>Greater transparency and accountability<\/li>\n<li>Convenience for litigants, especially in remote areas<\/li>\n<li>Cost savings on travel and documentation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E-Courts_in_India_Example\"><\/span>E-Courts in India (Example)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>India\u2019s e-Courts Project is a national initiative by the judiciary to provide court services online. It is implemented by the Supreme Court of India and the Department of Justice, covering both District and High Courts.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Role_of_AI_in_Crime_Detection_and_Investigation\"><\/span>The Role of AI in Crime Detection and Investigation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>AI (Artificial Intelligence)<\/strong> plays a transformative role in crime detection and investigation.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crime_Prediction_and_Prevention\"><\/span>Crime Prediction and Prevention<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Predictive Policing:<\/strong> AI analyses historical crime data to identify hotspots, patterns, and timings (e.g., PredPol software).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Real-Time Surveillance:<\/strong> AI-powered CCTV systems use facial recognition, behaviour analysis, and anomaly detection to monitor public areas and alert law enforcement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Criminal_Identification\"><\/span>Criminal Identification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facial Recognition:<\/strong> Scans databases to match faces from crime scenes or public footage within seconds.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biometric Analysis:<\/strong> Voice, fingerprint, and gait analysis for faster identification.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sketch Recognition:<\/strong> Converts forensic sketches into digital images and matches them with criminal databases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cyber_crime_Investigation\"><\/span>Cyber crime Investigation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Digital Forensics:<\/strong> Machine learning algorithms analyze large volumes of digital evidence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Phishing and Fraud Detection:<\/strong> Detects suspicious financial transactions or phishing emails via pattern recognition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Social_Media_and_Communication_Monitoring\"><\/span>Social Media and Communication Monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>AI scans social platforms and encrypted messages for:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Terrorist propaganda<\/li>\n<li>Human trafficking networks<\/li>\n<li>Drug trafficking discussions<\/li>\n<li>Hate speech and threats of violence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Management_and_Legal_Aid\"><\/span>Case Management and Legal Aid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>AI Assistants:<\/strong> Organize case files, detect inconsistencies, and summarize reports.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Legal Prediction Tools:<\/strong> Predict case outcomes or sentencing trends from historical data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_AI_in_Crime_Investigation\"><\/span>Benefits of AI in Crime Investigation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Speed:<\/strong> Processes large data sets quickly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Accuracy:<\/strong> Reduces human error.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Resource Optimization:<\/strong> Frees officers for fieldwork while AI handles data.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Crime Prevention:<\/strong> Enables proactive action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UNESCO_Judges_Initiative\"><\/span>UNESCO Judges Initiative<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Since 2014, UNESCO has led a Judges Initiative aimed at strengthening judicial understanding of freedom of expression, public access to information, and journalist safety. It is implemented through MOOCs developed with regional judicial institutions.<\/p>\n<p>More than 17,000 judicial actors have been trained:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Latin America:<\/strong> In partnership with the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Africa:<\/strong> Collaborations with University of Pretoria, African Commission, African Court, and ECOWAS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The training provides:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overview of international and regional legal frameworks on freedom of expression.<\/li>\n<li>Insight into digital challenges such as Internet impact and media freedom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Building on this, UNESCO is expanding to include training on <strong>AI in judicial processes<\/strong> and law enforcement.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concerns_with_AI_in_Law\"><\/span>Concerns with AI in Law<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the era of the dark web, concerns arise about security, confidentiality, and misuse of data by AI. Questions remain about whether AI can provide transparency, diligence, and fairness in legal proceedings.<\/p>\n<p>While AI can support, it cannot replace the skills of <strong>convincing, strategic planning, decision making, and lawyer-client trust<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_Warnings\"><\/span>Judicial Warnings<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>US Chief Justice John Roberts:<\/strong> Cautioned against AI \u201challucinations\u201d and false citations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Australian Chief Justice Andrew Bell:<\/strong> Banned AI-generated affidavits to prevent fabricated evidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Judicial_Independence\"><\/span>Judicial Independence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Problem:<\/strong> Over-reliance on AI may reduce judges to rubber stamps for machine recommendations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Concern:<\/strong> Law involves logic, equity, morality, and human judgment\u2014things AI cannot replicate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>AI cannot guarantee accountability or accuracy. Data quality depends on programming and must be reviewed legally by humans.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The essence of justice lies in <strong>human judgment<\/strong>, not machines. Judges deliver unbiased, moral, and ethical decisions through conscience, which AI lacks. AI cannot walk into a courtroom, argue like a lawyer, or build client trust.<\/p>\n<p>While AI may assist, it cannot replace human prudence in reaching fair, reasonable, and just decisions. Ultimately, AI remains an aid\u2014not a substitute\u2014for lawyers and judges.<\/p>\n<p><b>Written By: Tanu Shree <\/b>&#8211; Department Of Law, Ballb, Sarala Birla University, Ranchi, Namkom, Jharkhand<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract \u201cI am concerned that AI can be used to alter or even manufacture evidence. I am not sure how we will deal with this or even, in some cases, recognize a problem\u201d \u201cI predict that human judges will be around for a while,\u201d Mr. Roberts wrote. \u201cBut with equal confidence I predict that judicial<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":289,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[28],"class_list":{"0":"post-7543","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-legal-profession-laws-in-india","7":"tag-top-news"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/289"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7543\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}