{"id":7770,"date":"2025-08-29T05:02:28","date_gmt":"2025-08-29T05:02:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=7770"},"modified":"2025-08-29T05:06:52","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T05:06:52","slug":"procedure-seizing-cctv-recordings-as-evidence-indian-courts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/procedure-seizing-cctv-recordings-as-evidence-indian-courts\/","title":{"rendered":"Procedure for Seizing CCTV Recordings as Evidence in Indian Courts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The use of CCTV footage as evidence has become increasingly important in Indian courts. The <strong>Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (Section 57)<\/strong> marks a significant change by classifying electronic records as <strong>primary evidence<\/strong>, simplifying their use in judicial proceedings.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/procedure-seizing-cctv-recordings-as-evidence-indian-courts\/#Preliminary_Steps_Legal_Authority\" >Preliminary Steps &amp; Legal Authority:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/procedure-seizing-cctv-recordings-as-evidence-indian-courts\/#Acquisition_and_Documentation\" >Acquisition and Documentation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/procedure-seizing-cctv-recordings-as-evidence-indian-courts\/#Authentication_and_Certification\" >Authentication and Certification:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>When seizing CCTV footage, law enforcement must follow a strict procedure to ensure its admissibility in court.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preliminary_Steps_Legal_Authority\"><\/span>Preliminary Steps &amp; Legal Authority:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The first step is for the Investigating Officer (IO) to locate the exact source of the CCTV footage (DVR\/NVR system) and identify its owner. They must act quickly to prevent the footage from being overwritten, as most systems automatically delete old data. A written order may be issued to the system&#8217;s owner to preserve the footage.<\/p>\n<p>The seizure is carried out under the authority of <strong>Section 106 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023<\/strong>, which permits the confiscation of property related to an offense. If necessary, a search warrant must be obtained under <strong>Section 94 BNSS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Checklist:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify the location and ownership of the CCTV system.<\/li>\n<li>Note the date, time, and system details (e.g., brand, model).<\/li>\n<li>Ensure independent witnesses are present during the seizure.<\/li>\n<li>Secure the footage to prevent it from being overwritten.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Acquisition_and_Documentation\"><\/span>Acquisition and Documentation:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The method of acquisition depends on the situation. The entire DVR\/NVR unit may be seized, or a forensic copy of the footage can be extracted onto a reliable storage medium (like a USB drive or external hard disk) using <strong>write-blocking technology<\/strong> to protect the original data.<\/p>\n<p>Every step of the seizure and transfer must be meticulously documented in a <strong>Panchnama<\/strong> (seizure memorandum) in the presence of witnesses.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Checklist:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Secure the original device or extract a forensic copy of the footage.<\/li>\n<li>Take photographs or video of the seizure process.<\/li>\n<li>Record the chain of custody with signatures of all parties present.<\/li>\n<li>Document the precise details of the footage, including its duration, camera angles, and file format.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Authentication_and_Certification\"><\/span>Authentication and Certification:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For the footage to be accepted in court, it must be accompanied by a certificate as per <strong>Section 63(4) of the BSA, 2023<\/strong> (previously Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act). This certificate must be issued by the person in legitimate control of the device (such as an IT manager or system owner).<\/p>\n<p>To guarantee the footage&#8217;s authenticity, its unique digital hash values (e.g., <strong>MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256<\/strong>) should be generated and recorded in the seizure memo. This acts as a digital fingerprint to ensure the data has not been altered.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Checklist:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Obtain a <strong>Section 63 BSA Certificate of Authenticity<\/strong> from the system&#8217;s custodian.<\/li>\n<li>Generate and document the cryptographic hash values of the copied footage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Preservation and Submission to Court:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The seized device or media must be sealed in a tamper-proof evidence bag, clearly labelled, and securely stored in the &#8216;malkhana&#8217; (police evidence locker).<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the seized evidence, along with the seizure memo and the authenticity certificate, is submitted to the court. If needed, the footage may be sent to a forensic laboratory for detailed analysis or enhancement.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Checklist:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Seal and label the seized device\/media clearly.<\/li>\n<li>Store it in a secure digital evidence locker.<\/li>\n<li>Forward it to the court with the seizure memo and certificate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This meticulous procedure ensures that CCTV footage, a powerful piece of evidence, can be presented in court while meeting the strict legal standards for authenticity, reliability, and integrity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The use of CCTV footage as evidence has become increasingly important in Indian courts. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (Section 57) marks a significant change by classifying electronic records as primary evidence, simplifying their use in judicial proceedings. When seizing CCTV footage, law enforcement must follow a strict procedure to ensure its admissibility in court.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-7770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-cyber-law","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6.1 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Procedure for Seizing CCTV Recordings as Evidence in Indian Courts - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Guide on seizing and presenting CCTV footage as evidence in Indian courts under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/procedure-seizing-cctv-recordings-as-evidence-indian-courts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Procedure for Seizing CCTV Recordings as Evidence in Indian Courts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Guide on seizing and presenting CCTV footage as evidence in Indian courts under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/procedure-seizing-cctv-recordings-as-evidence-indian-courts\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-29T05:02:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-29T05:06:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DIGITAL-EVIDENCE.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Md. 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Imran Wahab\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/avatars\\\/49\\\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Md. Imran Wahab\"},\"description\":\"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. 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Imran Wahab","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatars\/49\/1777837060-bpfull.jpg","caption":"Md. Imran Wahab"},"description":"Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. He was posted in the districts of Dakshin Dinajpur and Nadia as Additional SP. At the sub-divisional level, he has worked as SDPOs of Gangarampur, Raghunathpur and Kalna sub-divisions of West Bengal. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and the complexities of the prisoner psyche. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights, Project Management, Corporate Management, Computer Application, Public Administration, Medical Law, Disaster Management, Fire Safety &amp; Hazards Management and Psychology. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and Singapore. He is the author of the books 'Police Investigation &amp; Allied Matters' and 'Alternative Dispute Resolution: Evolving Trends and Innovations' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management and the Election Commission's operations. He has also served as Chairman and as a member of various recruitment boards for the selection of police personnel in Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police. Md. Imran Wahab's interests extend beyond law enforcement to include law, politics, international affairs, prison management, and business management. He has authored over 1000 articles on these diverse topics, reflecting his intellectual curiosity and desire to contribute to public discourse. He is also a research scholar in law and has contributed articles to the Indian Police Journal, National Crime Record Bureau Journal, SVP National Police Academy Journal, and International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research etc. Currently, he serves as IGP, Provisioning, West Bengal.","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/author\/md-imranwahab\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7770"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7770\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}