{"id":7805,"date":"2025-08-30T03:30:26","date_gmt":"2025-08-30T03:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=7805"},"modified":"2026-02-23T10:49:48","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T10:49:48","slug":"nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings\/","title":{"rendered":"Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. Girindra Narayan Roy: A Landmark on Caveats and Execution Proceedings"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nirmal_Chandra_Dutta_v_Girindra_Narayan_Roy_Caveat_and_Execution_Proceedings\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/caveat-filing-in-supreme-court-section-148a-cpc\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"16147\">Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. Girindra Narayan Roy<\/a>: Caveat and Execution Proceedings<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 1978 judgment of the Calcutta High Court in <strong>Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. Girindra Narayan Roy<\/strong> addresses a nuanced intersection of procedural law and property rights. The case focuses on the proper scope of lodging a caveat under <strong>Section 148-A of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC)<\/strong> and the validity of assumed service under the <strong>Land Acquisition Act, 1947 (LA Act)<\/strong>.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings\/#Nirmal_Chandra_Dutta_v_Girindra_Narayan_Roy_Caveat_and_Execution_Proceedings\" >Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. Girindra Narayan Roy: Caveat and Execution Proceedings<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings\/#Legal_Issues\" >Legal Issues<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings\/#Case_Background\" >Case Background<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings\/#Subordinate_Judges_Decision\" >Subordinate Judge\u2019s Decision<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings\/#Legal_Principles_Highlighted\" >Legal Principles Highlighted<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings\/#Significance_of_the_Judgment\" >Significance of the Judgment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/nirmal-chandra-dutta-v-girindra-narayan-roy-a-landmark-on-caveats-and-execution-proceedings\/#Need_to_File_a_Caveat_in_the_Supreme_Court_of_India\" >Need to File a Caveat in the Supreme Court of India?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Issues\"><\/span>Legal Issues<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"\/Legal-Articles\/caveat-filing-in-supreme-court-section-148a-cpc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Caveat under Section 148-A CPC<\/a>:<\/strong> Can a person lodge a caveat without specifying the application involved and the right under which they intend to appear before the court?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Assumed Service under the LA Act:<\/strong> Is the assumption of service of a requisition notice under Section 3 of the LA Act valid for adjudication in execution proceedings without proper verification?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Background\"><\/span>Case Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In May 1975, the petitioner, <strong>Nirmal Chandra Dutta<\/strong>, obtained a decree for <em>ejectment and mesne profits<\/em> against the judgment-debtors for certain premises in Calcutta. When the petitioner attempted to execute the decree in September 1975, the judgment-debtors resisted. This led to an application under <strong>Order 21, Rule 97 CPC<\/strong> seeking police assistance for delivery of possession.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite proper notice, the judgment-debtors did not appear. The Subordinate Judge allowed the execution with police help, scheduling it for November 15, 1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On November 14, 1977, the <strong>State of West Bengal<\/strong> filed a <strong>caveat under Section 148-A CPC<\/strong>, claiming that the property had been requisitioned under Section 3 of the LA Act on June 6, 1977, and possession had been delivered to the Land Acquisition Collector on June 7, 1977. The caveat sought to prevent execution of the decree against a property allegedly under state acquisition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Subordinate_Judges_Decision\"><\/span>Subordinate Judge\u2019s Decision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The State had <strong>locus standi<\/strong> to lodge a caveat under Section 148-A.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The requisition order could not be challenged, assuming that notice of requisition was validly served.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since the judgment-debtors were no longer in possession, the decree-holder could receive only <em>symbolic possession<\/em>, not actual possession.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Subordinate Judge allowed the caveat to affect the execution proceedings and recalled the writ of delivery of possession.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Principles_Highlighted\"><\/span>Legal Principles Highlighted<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Caveat Requirements (Section 148-A CPC):<\/strong> A caveat allows a person to claim the right to appear in a civil proceeding. The caveator must clearly specify:<ul><li>The nature of the application expected<\/li><li>The party expected to file it<\/li><li>The caveator\u2019s own right to appear<\/li><\/ul>Lodging a caveat without these details is improper.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Verification of Service (LA Act):<\/strong> Any service of statutory notice must be <strong>duly verified<\/strong>. Assumed service cannot justify preventing execution of a decree without proper inquiry.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_the_Judgment\"><\/span>Significance of the Judgment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>This case establishes that:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Caveats cannot be misused to delay proceedings; they must state the right under which the caveator intervenes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Courts must not accept assumed service of statutory notices as a substitute for verified delivery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It balances procedural safeguards under the CPC with substantive rights of decree-holders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. Girindra Narayan Roy<\/strong> remains a key precedent for execution proceedings and caveats. It confirms that procedural tools have boundaries and that statutory notices must be verified to prevent unjust outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"container\">\n        <h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_to_File_a_Caveat_in_the_Supreme_Court_of_India\"><\/span>\n\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/articles\/index.html\">Need to File a Caveat in the Supreme Court of India<\/a>?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n        <p class=\"highlight\">&#9878;&#65039; Instant | Affordable | Trusted<\/p>\n        <p>With <strong>over 25 years of experience<\/strong> and <strong>hundreds of caveats successfully filed<\/strong>, I provide <strong>fast and reliable caveat filing services<\/strong> in the Supreme Court. Protect your interests before anyone else!<\/p>\n        <b>\n        <a class=\"contact\" href=\"tel:9650499965\">Call or WhatsApp Now: 9650499965<\/a>\n        <\/b>\n        <p>Don\u2019t wait\u2014secure your rights today!<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. Girindra Narayan Roy: Caveat and Execution Proceedings The 1978 judgment of the Calcutta High Court in Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. Girindra Narayan Roy addresses a nuanced intersection of procedural law and property rights. The case focuses on the proper scope of lodging a caveat under Section 148-A of the Code of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":352,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-7805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-supreme-court","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. 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Tapan Choudhury (AOR) \u2013 Supreme Court of India With over 25 years of distinguished practice before the Hon\u2019ble Supreme Court of India, Adv. Tapan Choudhury is a highly respected Advocate-on-Record (AOR) known for his sharp legal acumen, intellectual depth, and unwavering commitment to justice. Throughout his illustrious career, he has been counsel in several landmark judgments that have shaped Indian jurisprudence. His expertise spans across constitutional law, civil and criminal litigation, commercial disputes, and matters of public importance. Widely regarded as an intellectual and strategic thinker, Adv. Choudhury commands immense respect within the legal fraternity for his profound knowledge of law, persuasive advocacy, and integrity. He is often sought after for his ability to navigate complex legal issues and deliver path-breaking arguments that leave a lasting impact. A mentor to many young lawyers and a trusted advisor to his clients, Adv. 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