{"id":9883,"date":"2025-10-10T04:11:14","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T04:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?p=9883"},"modified":"2025-10-10T04:29:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T04:29:50","slug":"digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<h1 id=\"introduction-to-digital-privacy\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_Digital_Privacy\"><\/span>Introduction to Digital Privacy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>In our digital age, where information flows freely, digital privacy is paramount. It involves protecting personal data from unauthorized access, ensuring online safety. With the rise of social media and online transactions, our virtual lives are vulnerable. Breaches can lead to identity theft, financial losses and emotional distress. Safeguarding digital privacy requires robust cybersecurity measures, strong passwords, and awareness about phishing attempts. Additionally, stringent data protection laws and ethical practices by tech companies are crucial. Respecting digital privacy not only preserves individual dignity but also fosters trust in the online world, ensuring a secure and respectful digital environment for all.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0c0c0c;color:#0c0c0c\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Introduction_to_Digital_Privacy\" >Introduction to Digital Privacy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#How_Is_Data_Privacy_a_Human_Right\" >How Is Data Privacy a Human Right<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Justice_KS_Puttaswamy_Retd_v_Union_of_India_2018\" >Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India (2018)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#PUCL_v_Union_of_India_1997_Phone_Tapping_Case\" >PUCL v. Union of India (1997) (Phone Tapping Case)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Constitutional_Status_of_Right_to_Privacy_in_India\" >Constitutional Status of Right to Privacy in India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Kharak_Singh_v_State_of_Uttar_Pradesh_%E2%80%94_Early_Jurisprudence\" >Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh \u2014 Early Jurisprudence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#MP_Sharma_v_Satish_Chandra_%E2%80%94_Search_Seizure\" >M.P. Sharma v. Satish Chandra \u2014 Search &amp; Seizure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#M_Malkani_v_State_of_Maharashtra_%E2%80%94_Telephone_Tapping\" >M. Malkani v. State of Maharashtra \u2014 Telephone Tapping<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Challenges_in_Enforcing_Data_Privacy\" >Challenges in Enforcing Data Privacy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Examples_of_Data_Privacy_Breaches_in_India\" >Examples of Data Privacy Breaches in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Legislative_Framework_for_Data_Protection\" >Legislative Framework for Data Protection<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Information_Technology_Act_2000_%E2%80%94_Key_Provisions\" >Information Technology Act, 2000 \u2014 Key Provisions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Personal_Data_Protection_Bill_2018\" >Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Personal_Data_Protection_Bill_2019\" >Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Digital_Personal_Data_Protection_Act_2023\" >Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Top_Lawyers_in_India_%E2%80%93_Search_by_City\" >Top Lawyers in India &#8211; Search by City<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Top_Lawyers_in_Northern_India\" >Top Lawyers in Northern India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Top_Lawyers_in_Western_India\" >Top Lawyers in Western India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Top_Lawyers_in_Eastern_India\" >Top Lawyers in Eastern India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Top_Lawyers_in_Southern_India\" >Top Lawyers in Southern India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#Lawyers_from_Other_Cities\" >Lawyers from Other Cities<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>The mankind has benefited greatly from technological advancement. Even so, as technology develops, many of our liberties are now under jeopardy. The right to privacy is a growing concern as the technological era progresses and includes data that is constantly gathered and processed in the marketplace. Several illicit behaviours, such as data fraud, hoax contacting, cyber harassment, etc., have emerged as a result of the digitalisation. User &#8216;s private data can frequently be mishandled when it is supplied to websites for digital networking, business, interaction intelligence firms, state agencies, and others. Despite numerous administrative initiatives, hardly a legislation protecting data, or a data safeguarding agency exists in India currently. However, India has come a long way in recognising privacy of an individual.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, digital privacy is pivotal in circumventing potential data breaches. With cybercriminal activities on the rise, ensuring an individual\u2019s digital privacy is not just desirable, but a vital necessity. The threats posed by malicious hackers and cybercriminals make the protection of personal data of utmost importance, thereby emphasizing the imperative need for digital privacy.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"data-privacy-as-human-right\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_Data_Privacy_a_Human_Right\"><\/span><a href=\"\/legal\/article-14089-data-privacy-and-the-challenges-of-digital-world.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Is Data Privacy a Human Right<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The right to privacy in India is recognized as a fundamental right under the Constitution and also aligns with international human rights standards. Several landmark cases affirm this dual character:<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"ks-puttaswamy-2018\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Justice_KS_Puttaswamy_Retd_v_Union_of_India_2018\"><\/span><a href=\"\/legal\/article-18396-the-right-to-be-forgotten-in-india-post-puttaswamy-privacy-vs-public-interest.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India (2018)<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court of India held Right to Privacy under Article 21 of Constitution of India as fundamental right focusing on its correlation with dignity, choice and freedom. The judgment also stated and affirmed that privacy, also data privacy, is enshrined under the principles of a democratic society. Concerning the Aadhaar scheme with respect to the biometric data, the Court placed conditions that would check misuse of such data while at the same time giving a person control over their information. This judgment also placed India in accordance with global human rights instruments such as the UDHR on which privacy as a universal right is enshrined.Also, Get to Know Data Privacy As A Fundamental Right<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"pucl-phone-tapping-1997\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PUCL_v_Union_of_India_1997_Phone_Tapping_Case\"><\/span><a href=\"\/legal\/article-13828-the-legality-and-oversight-of-telephone-tapping-orders-a-landmark-judicial-decision-pucl-vs-uoi-1996.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PUCL v. Union of India (1997) (Phone Tapping Case)<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In this case, the Supreme Court highlighted privacy as a fundamental right necessary for personal liberty and freedom of expression. The judgment recognized that unauthorized surveillance infringes upon an individual&#8217;s dignity and autonomy, resonating with the human right to be free from arbitrary interference.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"constitutional-status-of-privacy\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Constitutional_Status_of_Right_to_Privacy_in_India\"><\/span>Constitutional Status of Right to Privacy in India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Right to Privacy has not explicitly mentioned as a fundamental right in the Constitution of India. The framework of right to privacy lies within the ambit of Article 21 guarantees the right to life and person liberty to every person. Article 21 runs as \u201cNo Person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law\u201d. Through the various judicial pronouncements, the Court have recognised the right to privacy as a fundamental right which is implicit in \u201cPersonal Liberty\u201d guaranteed under Article 21.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kharak-singh-case\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kharak_Singh_v_State_of_Uttar_Pradesh_%E2%80%94_Early_Jurisprudence\"><\/span><a href=\"\/legal\/article-11837-analyzing-the-landmark-case-kharak-singh-v-s-state-of-uttar-pradesh-a-commentary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh<\/a> \u2014 Early Jurisprudence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The issue whether the right to privacy is a fundamental right or not arose for the first time in the case of \u201cKharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh\u201d. The main question which arose in this case was regarding the constitutionality of certain police regulations which allowed police to do domiciliary visits and surveillance of persons with criminal record. Petitioners challenged the domiciliary visits and surveillances by the police as unconstitutional as they are violative of the right to privacy as implicit under \u2018personal liberty \u2018of Article 21 of the Constitution of India. Majority if the Judges observed that \u201cRight to Privacy does not lie within the ambit of the fundamental right to life and personal liberty as enshrined under Article 21 but the domiciliary visits into a person\u2019s house were unconstitutional\u201d. The dissenting view was expressed by Justice Subba Rao who recognised right to privacy as a fundamental right. He held that \u201cIt is true our Constitution does not expressly declare a right to privacy as a fundamental right, but the said right is an essential ingredient of personal liberty.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"mp-sharma-case\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MP_Sharma_v_Satish_Chandra_%E2%80%94_Search_Seizure\"><\/span><a href=\"\/legal\/article-4189-m-p-sharma-and-others-v-s-satish-chandra-district-magistrate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M.P. Sharma v. Satish Chandra<\/a> \u2014 Search &amp; Seizure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In \u201cM.P Sharma v. Satish Chandra\u201d, the courts were to deliberate on the issue of constitutional restrictions which can be imposed on the government\u2019s power to exercise the right of search and seizure and whether such right infringes the right to privacy of an individual. The Court remarked that \u201cThe power of search and seizure is an overriding power of the State for the protection of social security and that power is necessarily regulated by law. Constitution makers did not expressly recognise the right to privacy as a fundamental right and there is no need at this stage to interpret right toprivacy\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"m-malkani-telephone-tapping\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"M_Malkani_v_State_of_Maharashtra_%E2%80%94_Telephone_Tapping\"><\/span><a href=\"\/legal\/article-10553-tape-recorded-statements-as-evidence-in-india-an-analytical-study-of-the-evolution-and-judicial-precedents.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">M. Malkani v. State of Maharashtra<\/a> \u2014 Telephone Tapping<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tapping of telephone was always considered to the violation of the individual privacy. This issue has been considered by the courts in various cases. In \u201cM. Malkani v. State of Maharashtra\u201d the Supreme Court held that \u201cTelephonic conversation of an innocent citizen will be protected by Courts against wrongful or arbitrary interference by the State by tapping the conversation telephone tapping is violative of Article 19(1)(a) and 21 of the Constitution\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"challenges-enforcing-data-privacy\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_in_Enforcing_Data_Privacy\"><\/span>Challenges in Enforcing Data Privacy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong id=\"challenge-data-localization\">Data Localization<\/strong><br \/>By requiring that certain categories of data be processed and maintained in India, the Act emphasizes data sovereignty. This rule calls into question whether businesses may still operate internationally, and more importantly, if doing so is feasible.<\/li>\n<li><strong id=\"challenge-compliance-awareness\">Compliance and Awareness<\/strong><br \/>Small and medium-sized businesses are mostly concerned with general compliance and awareness problems. Some people aren&#8217;t even aware that they need to follow the terms of the DPDP Act of 2023, while others will be put into effect later. Additionally, compliance might be challenging, necessitating infrastructure modifications and the deployment of personnel for training.<\/li>\n<li><strong id=\"challenge-innovation-vs-privacy\">Balancing Innovation and Privacy<\/strong><br \/>Big data is frequently essential to India&#8217;s booming IT sector, particularly in AI and big data analytics. Enabling and guaranteeing innovation while adhering to privacy standards is a challenging challenge.<\/li>\n<li><strong id=\"challenge-cross-border-transfers\">Cross-Border Data Transfers<\/strong><br \/>It gets more and harder to maintain cross-border data transfers under the jurisdiction of the international frameworks that one wants to adhere to as globalization grows.<\/li>\n<li><strong id=\"challenge-enforcement-monitoring\">Enforcement and Monitoring<\/strong><br \/>The largest obstacle has been providing the Data Protection Board of India with an autonomous and efficient role. Given the crucial role the Board would play in creating a powerful Data Protection Authority, it is imperative that this exact difficulty be addressed for the Act to be implemented effectively.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Building capacity, collaborating with public-private partnerships, and implementing the required periodic reviews in terms of legal frameworks in light of technological advancements are all ways to try to resolve such issues.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"examples-data-breaches-india\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples_of_Data_Privacy_Breaches_in_India\"><\/span>Examples of Data Privacy Breaches in India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The necessity for stricter data privacy measures has been brought to light by many breaches: Facebook-Cambridge Analytica Scandal Indian users were also impacted by a worldwide event, which sparked a discussion about how to hold social media companies responsible for their content and how it related to user data.<\/p>\n<table id=\"notable-breaches-table\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\"><caption><strong>Notable Breaches<\/strong><\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>#<\/th>\n<th>Incident<\/th>\n<th>Date<\/th>\n<th>Details<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>BharatPay Hacked<\/td>\n<td>August 2022<\/td>\n<td>A significant data breach at digital financial services company BharatPay in August 2022 exposed the personal information of almost 37,000 customers. Sensitive information including hashed passwords, usernames, and transaction data from its backend database were among the exposed secrets. The event, which affected data from many years, highlights the fintech industry&#8217;s weaknesses and the urgent need for stronger security measures to safeguard consumer data.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>RailYatri Data Breach<\/td>\n<td>December 2022<\/td>\n<td>In December 2022, Rail Yatri had a data breach which uncovered nearly 30 million customer details. Despite Rail Yatri&#8217;s claims that no critical client data was accessed, the breach was made public when a threat actor posted the material on a cybercrime site. This event brought to light the continuous cybersecurity issues that internet platforms in the transportation industry confront.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Aadhaar Data Leak<\/td>\n<td>October 2023<\/td>\n<td>As per the US cybersecurity company Resecurity survey, 815 million Indians&#8217; personal data was uncovered on the dark web. Names, phone numbers, addresses, Aadhaar, and passport details were among the personal data that was compromised. A threat actor going under the handle &#8220;pwn0001&#8221; sold the complete breach database for $80,000. The breach was being investigated by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). There were hints that the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) database may include the personal information. The government&#8217;s digitalization initiatives, which depend on Aadhaar and other digital infrastructures, have suffered a significant setback as a result of this hack.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"legislative-framework\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legislative_Framework_for_Data_Protection\"><\/span>Legislative Framework for Data Protection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There is no proper legislative regime for the data protection in India. There is no specific legislation which deals with the protection of data. However, the Information Technology Act, 2000 deals with the transactions which are carried through the electronic data interchange and electronic communication. The Act contains provisions to safeguard the data from the unauthorized use of computer systems or networks.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"it-act-key-provisions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Information_Technology_Act_2000_%E2%80%94_Key_Provisions\"><\/span>Information Technology Act, 2000 \u2014 Key Provisions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong id=\"sec-43\">Section 43:<\/strong> Where any person without the permission of the owner or any other person who is in in-charge of the computer, computer system or computer network accesses, downloads any information or introduces any virus on computer system or cause any damage to the data or computer network and deletes or tamper with the information stores in a computer resource shall be liable to pay damages by way of compensation not exceeding 1 crore rupees to the affected party.<\/li>\n<li><strong id=\"sec-72\">Section 72:<\/strong> Talks about the breach of confidentiality and privacy. It provides that \u201cAny person who has secured access to any electronic record, book, information, document or other material without the consent of the person concerned discloses such electronic record, book, information, document or other material to any other person shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees, or with both\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong id=\"sec-43a\">Section 43A (Amendment 2008):<\/strong> Provides for compensation in case of failure to protect data where a body corporate is negligent in implementing and maintaining reasonable security practices and procedures.<\/li>\n<li><strong id=\"sec-72a\">Section 72A (Amendment 2008):<\/strong> Provides for punishment for disclosure of information in breach of lawful contract, punishable up to three years imprisonment or fine up to five lakh rupees, or both.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"pdpa-2018\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Personal_Data_Protection_Bill_2018\"><\/span>Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pursuant to the decision of the Supreme Court in K.S Puttaswamy v. Union of India which holds that right to privacy is a fundamental right of the citizen, the Government appointed a committee headed by Justice B. N Srikrishna to examine the issues linking the privacy and data protection and to propose a draft legislative framework relating to the data protection. The Committee drafted a Bill popularly known as \u201cPersonal Data Protection Bill, 2018.\u201d The Bill has laid out the framework for data protection and mentions the limits for the collection and processing of personal data of the individuals. The main objective of the Bill is to create the accountability and prevent the unauthorized use of the sensitive data available on the computer networks. The Bill is applicable to both the Government and Private sectors. The aim is to provide the individuals the control over their personal data. The individuals must give explicit consent to process their personal information, and they must be notified by the private authorities. Since the right cannot be made absolute, the Bill also provides the extent of government regulations over certain kinds of data. Government can access and control the information for reasonable purposes such as \u201cnational security, whistleblowing, unlawful activity, health services and legal proceedings, etc.\u201d The Act also provides for the establishment of a national-level Data Protection Agency for supervising and regulating the private entities. It also mentions the stiff penalties in case of the misuse of the data.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"pdpa-2019\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Personal_Data_Protection_Bill_2019\"><\/span>Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>To overcome the shortcomings in the Draft Protection Bill of 2018, the Parliament revised the Bill, and it was named as Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019. The purpose of the Bill is to ensure the protection of the personal data of individuals and establish a Data Protection Authority for the same.<\/p>\n<table id=\"data-categories-2019\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\"><caption><strong>Data Categories Under the 2019 Bill<\/strong><\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Category<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Personal Data<\/td>\n<td>It identifies the personal details of the individuals such as name, address, and identity of a person.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sensitive Personal Data<\/td>\n<td>It relates to the finances, health, sexual orientation, Biometric, genetics or the religious beliefs of the individual.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Critical Personal Data<\/td>\n<td>It is concerned with the information related to national or military security.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 applies to the Government Companies incorporated in India and Foreign Companies that deal with the personal data of individuals in India. Data fiduciaries are entities that decide the purposes for processing the personal data. Personal Data can be processed only for a clear, lawful, and legitimate purpose. All the data fiduciaries must undergo the transparency and accountability measures while processing the data. They are bound to implement the security safeguards, such as data encryption, to prevent the misuse of the data. Also, a grievance redressal mechanism can be opted for to address the complaints of the individuals. These entities must also institute the mechanisms for age verification and parental consent when processing sensitive personal data of children.<\/p>\n<p>The Bill provides certain rights to the individual to ensure the data privacy. These include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Right to obtain the confirmation from the fiduciary about the processing of the personal data.<\/li>\n<li>Right to rectify the inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated personal data.<\/li>\n<li>Right to restrict the disclosure of the information if it is no longer necessary or relevant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Bill also mentions that \u201cData Processing is based on the notion of the consent, and it is allowed only when the individual gives the consent for the same. Provided that the personal data can be processed without the consent if it is required by the State for the benefits of the individuals or in medical emergencies or it is required for the legal proceedings\u201d. The Bill provides that the Central government can exempt its agencies from the provisions of the Bill in the interest of the security of the state, public order, sovereignty and integrity of India and friendly relations with foreign states, and for preventing incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence. Also, stricter penalties are mentioned for violation of the provisions of the Bill. It states that \u201cProcessing or transferring personal data in violation of the Bill is punishable with a fine of Rs 15 crore or 4% of the annual turnover of the fiduciary, whichever is higher\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"dpdpa-2023\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Digital_Personal_Data_Protection_Act_2023\"><\/span>Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, received presidential assent on August 11, 2023. The previous Personal Data Protection Bills from 2019 and 2022 were withdrawn by the Central Government due to several amendments and issues regarding data localisation, transparency, and compliance. The primary objective of this Act is to create a comprehensive framework for the protection and processing of personal data. It applies to the processing of personal data in India, including both online and digitised offline data. Furthermore, it extends to the processing of such data outside India when it relates to the offering of goods or services in India.<\/p>\n<p>This Act defines \u201cData\u201d as any representation of information, facts, concepts, opinions, and instructions that is capable of being communicated, interpreted, and processed by human beings or by automated means. Further, any data about an individual who is identifiable by or in relation to such data has been referred to as Personal Data in the Act. This Act does not apply to the personal data when such data is processed by an individual for any personal or domestic purpose and is made or caused to be made publicly available by the Data Principal herself or any other person under an obligation to make such Personal Data publicly available.<\/p>\n<p>It has been provided in Section 6 of the Act that Personal Data may be processed only for the specified purpose and after obtaining the consent of the individual. Such consent must be free, specific, informed, unconditional, and unambiguous. Moreover, notice under Section 5 of the Act must be given by the Data Fiduciary before seeking consent, containing details about the Personal Data to be collected and the purpose of processing. The individual whose data is being processed can withdraw her consent at any time. For individuals with disabilities or below eighteen years of age, the Act provides that their consent will be provided by their parents or legal guardians.<\/p>\n<p>This Act also discusses the rights and duties of the data principal in detail. It provides that an individual whose data is being processed shall have the following rights:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Can obtain information about processing<\/li>\n<li>Seeking correction and erasure of Personal Data<\/li>\n<li>Nominating another person to exercise rights in the event of death or incapacity<\/li>\n<li>Withdrawing consent at any time during or after the processing of Personal Data.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Further, Section 15 of the Act states that the Data Principals will be under an obligation not to register a false complaint or suppress any material information while providing their personal data; and furnish any false particulars or impersonate in specified cases. The breach of said duties will attract a penalty as per the Schedule to the Act.<\/p>\n<p>This Act also provides for the obligations of a data fiduciary. Section 8 of the said Act provides that the data fiduciary must process the personal data only for which the consent has been provided by the data principal or for a certain legitimate use. He must make reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy and completeness of data and implement appropriate measures to protect Personal Data in his possession or under his control. Moreover, he must inform the Data Protection Board of India and affected persons in the event of a personal breach and erase Personal Data as soon as the purpose has been met.<\/p>\n<p>According to Section 17 of the Act, the provisions related to \u2018Obligations of Data Fiduciaries\u2019 and \u2018Rights &amp; Duties of Data Principal\u2019 have been made inapplicable in specified cases, which include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prevention, investigation or prosecution of offences<\/li>\n<li>Enforcement of legal rights or claims<\/li>\n<li>Processing to ascertain financial information, assets, and liabilities<\/li>\n<li>Processing of Personal Data by the State or any other instrumentality of the State in the interest of the security and public order, and necessary for research, archiving, or statistical purposes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Right to Privacy was recognized as a fundamental right in India through the landmark Aadhaar judgement in 2017, where the Supreme Court stated it falls under Article 21. This right ensures individuals can make private choices and protects their personal data from exploitation, including the right to be forgotten.<\/p>\n<p>To support these rights, the Central Government passed the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in 2023. This law aims to prevent the misuse of personal data by online businesses, similar to the European Union&#8217;s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which has been in place since April 2016. These protections are important, and efforts must be made to implement them effectively. As privacy issues grow in the internet age. government regulations must keep you with new challenges.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<hr \/><hr \/>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"top-lawyers-in-india\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Top_Lawyers_in_India_%E2%80%93_Search_by_City\"><\/span>Top Lawyers in India &#8211; Search by City<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"northern-india-lawyers\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Top_Lawyers_in_Northern_India\"><\/span>Top Lawyers in Northern India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/delhi.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in New Delhi\">Delhi<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/chandigarh.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Chandigarh\">Chandigarh<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/gurgaon.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Gurgaon\">Gurgaon<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"western-india-lawyers\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Top_Lawyers_in_Western_India\"><\/span>Top Lawyers in Western India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/bombay.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Mumbai\">Mumbai<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/pune.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Pune\">Pune<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/nagpur.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Nagpur\">Nagpur<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"eastern-india-lawyers\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Top_Lawyers_in_Eastern_India\"><\/span>Top Lawyers in Eastern India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/calcutta.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Kolkata\">Kolkata<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/guwahati.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Guwahati\">Guwahati<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/dimapur.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Dimapur\">Dimapur<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"southern-india-lawyers\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Top_Lawyers_in_Southern_India\"><\/span>Top Lawyers in Southern India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/chennai.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Chennai\">Chennai<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/bangalore.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Bangalore\">Bangalore<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/hyderabad.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Hyderabad\">Hyderabad<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"\/lawyers\/visakhapatnam.htm\" title=\"Find Lawyers in Visakhapatnam\">Visakhapatnam<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"other-cities-lawyers\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lawyers_from_Other_Cities\"><\/span>Lawyers from Other Cities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"4\">\n        <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/lawyers\/lawyers_home.htm\" title=\"Lawyers Search\">\n          Lawyers from Other Cities \u2013 Click Here\n        <\/a>\n      <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to Digital Privacy In our digital age, where information flows freely, digital privacy is paramount. It involves protecting personal data from unauthorized access, ensuring online safety. With the rise of social media and online transactions, our virtual lives are vulnerable. Breaches can lead to identity theft, financial losses and emotional distress. Safeguarding digital privacy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":582,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"two_page_speed":[],"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-9883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-cyber-law","tag-top-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6.1 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era - Legal Service India - Articles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Protect your personal data online. Learn about digital privacy, Indian data laws, rights, and cybersecurity essentials.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Protect your personal data online. Learn about digital privacy, Indian data laws, rights, and cybersecurity essentials.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Legal Service India - Articles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-10T04:11:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-10T04:29:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/MORAL-RIGHTS-COPYRIGHT.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"sana219shaikh\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legalserviceind\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@legalserviceind\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"sana219shaikh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"sana219shaikh\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a1e792ae6f882fe9f882ba68a8ef7512\"},\"headline\":\"Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-10T04:11:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-10T04:29:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3311,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Top News\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Cyber Law\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\\\/\",\"name\":\"Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era - Legal Service India - Articles\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-10T04:11:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-10T04:29:50+00:00\",\"description\":\"Protect your personal data online. Learn about digital privacy, Indian data laws, rights, and cybersecurity essentials.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Cyber Laws > Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/\",\"name\":\"Legal Service India - Law Articles\",\"description\":\"Legal Service India - Law Article Directory is the oldest in India since 2000, with thousands of article written by lawyers, law Students and Scholars on all branches of law\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Legal Service India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logo-circle-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/logo-circle-1.png\",\"width\":105,\"height\":95,\"caption\":\"Legal Service India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/legalservicesind\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legalserviceind\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@LegalServiceIndia-lsi\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/a1e792ae6f882fe9f882ba68a8ef7512\",\"name\":\"sana219shaikh\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"\\\/\\\/www.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/64b0fc21a6669ed928b040483721b7da?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm\",\"url\":\"\\\/\\\/www.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/64b0fc21a6669ed928b040483721b7da?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm\",\"contentUrl\":\"\\\/\\\/www.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/64b0fc21a6669ed928b040483721b7da?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm\",\"caption\":\"sana219shaikh\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalserviceindia.com\\\/Legal-Articles\\\/author\\\/sana219shaikh\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era - Legal Service India - Articles","description":"Protect your personal data online. Learn about digital privacy, Indian data laws, rights, and cybersecurity essentials.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era","og_description":"Protect your personal data online. Learn about digital privacy, Indian data laws, rights, and cybersecurity essentials.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/","og_site_name":"Legal Service India - Articles","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind","article_published_time":"2025-10-10T04:11:14+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-10-10T04:29:50+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/MORAL-RIGHTS-COPYRIGHT.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"sana219shaikh","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@legalserviceind","twitter_site":"@legalserviceind","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"sana219shaikh","Est. reading time":"15 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/"},"author":{"name":"sana219shaikh","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#\/schema\/person\/a1e792ae6f882fe9f882ba68a8ef7512"},"headline":"Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era","datePublished":"2025-10-10T04:11:14+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-10T04:29:50+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/"},"wordCount":3311,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#organization"},"keywords":["Top News"],"articleSection":["Cyber Law"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/","name":"Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era - Legal Service India - Articles","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-10-10T04:11:14+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-10T04:29:50+00:00","description":"Protect your personal data online. Learn about digital privacy, Indian data laws, rights, and cybersecurity essentials.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/digital-privacy-human-right-emerging-challenges-digital-era\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cyber Laws > Digital Privacy As A Human Right: Emerging Challenge\u2019s In Digital Era"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/","name":"Legal Service India - Law Articles","description":"Legal Service India - Law Article Directory is the oldest in India since 2000, with thousands of article written by lawyers, law Students and Scholars on all branches of law","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#organization","name":"Legal Service India","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logo-circle-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/logo-circle-1.png","width":105,"height":95,"caption":"Legal Service India"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/legalservicesind","https:\/\/x.com\/legalserviceind","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@LegalServiceIndia-lsi"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/#\/schema\/person\/a1e792ae6f882fe9f882ba68a8ef7512","name":"sana219shaikh","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/64b0fc21a6669ed928b040483721b7da?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm","url":"\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/64b0fc21a6669ed928b040483721b7da?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm","contentUrl":"\/\/www.gravatar.com\/avatar\/64b0fc21a6669ed928b040483721b7da?s=96&#038;r=g&#038;d=mm","caption":"sana219shaikh"},"url":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/author\/sana219shaikh\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/582"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9883"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9883\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalserviceindia.com\/Legal-Articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}