The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding quickly across a variety of industries, including e-government. However, AI also presents a number of difficulties and moral dilemmas. E-governance is widely recognized as being essential for executing government services. By enhancing service accessibility while lowering service delivery costs, e-government services have the potential to be advantageous to both governments and individuals.

The development of technology has been rather substantial over time. In order to provide e-Government services to its citizens, governments must overcome several obstacles. E-government services may result in several dangers and may frequently fail if improperly integrated. Some of the risks related to it include security and privacy breaches of data. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can offer more complex responses to these dangers by spotting abnormalities and protecting the data from risks.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to greatly improve and advance many aspects of our lives, including e-government services. The aim of this paper is to analyse the advantages as well as challenges that arise from the application of artificial intelligence in e-governance and improve e-government services for all stakeholders using Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven methodologies. The paper traces the legal policies and regulation issues while emphasizing key publications and influential authors. It outlines various key developmental tendencies as well as the difficulties they raise and the application of AI in different sectors.

Introduction
"Digital India on the back of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the future of e-governance in India", said Nandan Nilekani, former UIDAI chief and non-executive chairman of Infosys, during the celebration of the Digital India Program's fifth anniversary.[1]

E-governance has been a hot topic since the United Nations called on its member nations to incorporate AI applications and improve their governance procedures in order to provide more efficient services to citizens. The UN intends to implement e-governance to assist developing and underdeveloped nations in saving both money and time of the government, as a factor for economic growth. AI and its sub-domain technologies have the potential to improve numerous existing structural inadequacies in order to provide satisfactory government functions. AI and E-governance have the potential to transform the integration and incorporation of technological innovations.[2]

India has also jumped on board, with the Digital India program leading the charge. Aadhar expansion, Direct Benefit Transfer, UMANG services, Common Services Centres and other digital technology-backed initiatives have dominated India's e-governance framework. PM-Kisan, Ayushman Bharat, SWAYAM, e-hospital, e-Pathshala, SWAYAM PRABHA, and other e-government initiatives have improved governance in rural areas.

Definition Of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence is a method for teaching a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or software to think intelligently in a similar way that the human mind does. AI is achieved by examining human brain structures and assessing the cognitive process. These studies lead to the creation of intelligent software and systems.[3]

AI is defined as "the science and engineering of developing intelligent machines, particularly intelligent computer software." It is similar to the activity of using computers to study human intelligence, but AI does not have to limit itself to biologically observable processes."

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the way we live, learn, and work. Until lately, artificial intelligence (AI) was a whimsical concept, more frequently affiliated with science fiction than any other subject. However, influenced by recent advancements in complex information and communication technology (ICT), AI presently is associated with existing and future technological advancement.

Definition Of E-Governance

E-governance is a modern system adopted by governments that uses digital communication technologies such as computers and the World Wide Web to connect their institutions with each other, connect their different services with private institutions and the public at large, and make information available to individuals to generate a transparent relationship marked by speed and accuracy in order to enhance performance level and saves their effort and money, thus lowering the cost of service performance.

It refers to the application of technology to undertake government functions and accomplish governance goals. Government services are made accessible to citizens and businesses in a convenient, efficient, and transparent way through e-governance. A few examples are the Digital India initiative, the National Portal of India, the Prime Minister of India portal, Aadhaar, online tax filing and payment, digital land management systems, etc.[4]

E-government utilizes information and communication technologies (ICTs) (such as Wide Area Networks, the Internet, and mobile computing) to improve governance at different levels of government, the public sector, and beyond. The utilization of ICT enhances the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, and accountability of data and information exchange between governments, government agencies, governments and citizens, and governments and businesses.[5]

The electronic government is obtained by recognizing that the present world and its advancements require societies to be progressed and is characterized by the presence of three basic conditions: accountability, flexibility, and good governance, which are the backbones of e-government. The e-government was developed to reform the existing administrative and financial corruption in society and its institutions. It was one of the preventative measures against corrupt practices and administrative reform requirements bind government institutions with a pattern of flexibility and clarity in their mechanism of work.

Among the other benefits of e-government, one is that it functions to reduce the number of suspected and illegal relationships that can exist between employees and government officials because it means first and foremost flow of information, its open circulation through various modes of communication, and the accessibility of citizens' interaction with decision-makers and those who are responsible of matters to stimulate it and seize corruption i.e. e-government. It encompasses being accessible to the public about the framework of the government's functions and the public sector's fiscal policies, in order to improve accountability and credibility and to assist sound economic policies.

Importance Of Ai And E-Governance

• It streamlines the process of collecting and disseminating government information about any department to citizens and businesses.
• It enables citizens and businesses to play an active role in decision-making processes prior to the development or implementation of any policy or regulation.
• It is the most effective technique of eliminating corruption by automating services and guaranteeing transparency in information communicated and making it easily available to the public.
• Ease of access to government services for all citizens 24*7 via online applications.
• E-governance enables businesses to quickly access critical information.

Legal Policy And Regulatory Issues On Artificial Intelligence And Electronic Governance

Despite the fact that the e-government framework is incorporated with intelligent systems, improper setup of the e-government structure can result in a variety of challenges. A few of them are data privacy and security, regulatory issues caused by policy breaches, poor quality in consistency, and upgradation of current systems due to a shortage of qualified personnel or trained employees.

At an individual level, AI can provide sophisticated and innovative remedies to deal with present e-governance breaches. AI systems can improve communication transparency and thus enhance government functions. AI applications include sensing discrepancies to prevent fraud and secure data, digital assistance, automating manual tasks, etc. An AI-integrated machine learning system contributes to the creation of a resilient e-governance structure that can overcome the shortcomings of the current governance structure.[6]

Key Challenges In The Adoption Of Ai By The Government

1. Effective use of data
   In 2017, IBM estimated that 90% of the world's data had been generated in the previous two years. The issue is that our institutions, both public and private, were not designed to deal with and benefit from this density and wide range of information. Most institutions have only a basic knowledge of their data assets (that is, the data they hold and the infrastructure that holds that data), and respond even basic questions including how many databases exist within the institution, which database contains what information, or how data is collected can be complicated.[7]
    
2. Data and AI skills
   Artificial intelligence and data management competence are limited. Whereas the training for data management is comparatively short, acquiring the necessary competencies to create AI solutions is significantly more difficult. Organizations place an emphasis on attracting high-calibre AI talent, increasing remuneration and making it challenging for smaller hiring budgets, such as government, to attract qualified applicants. Government agencies lack fundamental AI skills, limiting their ability to utilise and operate AI solutions.
   
   Furthermore, non-technical government employees such as department directors, legislators, and procurement officials do not always understand data and AI. This involves technical knowledge as well as knowledge of the legal and ethical implications of using huge amounts of data, with privacy being the primary consideration. As a result, they are hesitant to invest in the technology or are unaware of existing legislation that has a significant impact on AI projects, such as data and privacy legislation.
   
   Engaging in AI projects without a comprehensive understanding of relevant local laws jeopardizes constituent rights, such as privacy, as well as the government's long-term ability to implement AI with broad public support. This can have an impact on AI procurement as much as a lack of technical AI skills.
   
   Government entities with AI understanding are confronted with another challenge: a communication gap. Silos between functions make it difficult for AI resources and their colleagues, such as policymakers, to communicate frequently and fully utilize each other's knowledge.
    
3. The AI environment
   The AI landscape is extremely complicated and constantly changing. There are a few well-known players in more established areas of technology, so purchasers know where to go. For instance, Alibaba, Amazon, Google, and Microsoft monopolise the cloud landscape, capturing approximately 84% of the global public cloud market. In comparison, the AI market, which also has a major presence from tech heavyweights, is more disorganized, with many new small players emerging on a regular basis. The number of competitors and the rate of change in the AI market are massive enough to potentially suppress a customer who is unfamiliar with the AI market. Many buyers may not even be aware of the entire landscape in the first place.
   
   The various AI start-ups that have emerged throughout multiple geographical locations have contributed to the diversity of players in this system. This signifies a second challenge for the government: there is a substantial number of AI expertise within small, newly developed organizations with limited experience working with the government and problems scaling for major projects. Government agencies must find strategies to engage these newcomers, both to capitalize on their considerable expertise and to foster the growth of AI industry that can significantly contribute to economic growth.
    
4. Legacy culture
   Adopting new technologies poses challenges for all organizations. However, due to their formed procedures and processes, public bodies are less flexible than their private sector counterparts. A strong culture of experimentation motivates staff to innovate in parts of the private industry, and positive performance is rewarded. Employees in government may be less encouraged to take uncertainties.
   
   According to an Apolitical article, "government incentives for risk, in the meantime, don't really exist." If you make a significant advancement in service delivery, you will not be rewarded or promoted more quickly."
   
   While many government workers obtain much of their job satisfaction from the ability to positively influence society rather than monetary support, adopting a revolutionary technology such as AI can be difficult if adaptability is not implicit in the organization's culture.
    
5. Procurement mechanisms
   AI poses significant challenges that existing procurement systems do not recognize, such as the private sector's treatment of algorithms as intellectual property. Governments that buy off-the-shelf algorithms may desire to be able to comprehend and modify them as needed throughout the tool's lifecycle. AI suppliers are likely to deny personalization, which is popular in software procurement.
    

A simultaneous debate is the government's failure to prevent seller lock-in where algorithms are treated as intellectual property, given that the original supplier would most presumably not agree to other AI developers accessing their algorithm. Among most technologies, this has an implication on maintenance, but for AI, it has an impact on the government's capability to constantly upgrade the algorithm with new information in order to maintain its relevancy, drastically reducing its lifespan.[8]

Projected Future Trends On The Intersection Of Ai And The Electronic Governance

The launch of the 'National AI Portal' and 'Responsible AI for Youth' is assumed to move Indian governance into an AI-powered future.[9]

However, according to Nilekani, "we have accomplished one phase of the journey, but we must continue applying technology to governance." "In recent years, our emphasis has been on transactional efficiency, but the type of digitization we are doing means that we will generate enormous amounts of information in the public domain." "The moment has arrived to implement AI in a big manner to extract observations from this, which will facilitate India to advance further," he added.

'Using AI in governance will enable India to overcome many developmental and infrastructure constraints.'

AI systems can be utilized to supervise development projects. For example, in a washroom building project, AI software can sense the location and physical form of the washrooms, weeding out unsuitable construction or usage in seconds.
AI systems in agriculture can help farmers optimize production efficiency. Farmers can use available information on weather, underground water, soil quality, and cropping patterns to get useful guidance on when to cultivate, fertilize, irrigate, and harvest.

Criminals can be tracked down using AI tools. AI tools like facial recognition software can be employed to track down criminals using data from an increasing amount of CCTV cameras.
The widespread use of AI has the potential to decrease energy losses. Renewable energy generators can improve grid load management and efficiency by utilizing AI. This would eventually make renewable energy more cost-effective.

The application of AI systems has the potential to increase governance. The Power Ministry can provide improved renewable energy prediction, weather forecasting, and generating electricity requirements in a region by utilizing AI. AI-powered digitalization can assist governments in becoming more attentive to recent developments and incorporating AI-effective solutions.

AI in e-governance can improve a variety of applications. The following instances will demonstrate how technological developments can modernize outdated applications in the existing system for the upliftment of governance.[10]

1. Law enforcement:
   Law enforcement and regulation are important functions in any governance structure. Incorporating AI systems can improve and optimize existing features and functions for stronger law and order implications. Law enforcement technologies such as facial recognition, speech recognition, drones, robocops, self-driving cars, predictive analytics, and cyber defense are emerging and offering in-depth knowledge about violations of the law in the contemporary world.
    
2. Automating routine tasks:
   Documentation is an essential component of most government systems in emerging economies. Allocating, performing, and passing documents among departments can be time-consuming. As a result, automating routine tasks lessens documentation, enhances query response time, and enables time for government officials to concentrate on other development challenges.
    
3. Renovating privacy and security mechanism:
   The government has data on the general public, government officials, enterprises, and so on. To prevent confidential information malfunctions, this data must be secured and safeguarded from fraud perpetrators. Incorporating AI systems can aid in the automation and security of information by incorporating machine learning algorithms that identify interruptions in digital databases and protect the data from cybercrime.
    
4. Rapid disaster response:
   Government's responses and actions during emergency situations such as natural disasters or major industrial disasters may be hampered by primary structural hierarchical processes. The government can forecast the weather and other variables using predictive analytics and AI automated systems, which facilitates taking proactive measures.
    
5. Preserving and governing public infrastructure:
   Employing digital services to sustain and govern public infrastructure enables more efficient and time-efficient processes. And it contains all platforms established to address problems in order to create a better country. M sustaining an AI-driven public platform has benefits like I t facilitates the rapid resolution of public queries, accessibility to data about all government services, the ability to request any facility at any time and the availability of all government services when required.

E-governance and artificial intelligence (AI) are digitalizing government services and applications by combining public, business, and government processes on a single platform. Decisions and legal implications are becoming simpler than ever. Governance patterns are evolving as a result of automated processes and digitalisation. With evolving ecosystem measures, new technologies are restoring and rejuvenating applications to make them more public-oriented. E-governance is reconnecting the public with the government by promoting transparency in its activities. Changing the manner of working with technologies to build advanced technologies is modifying the governance and creating it satisfactory at service on its own.

Application Of Ai In Different Sectors

A. Public Healthcare
Any nation's healthcare industry captivates the public's interest because it represents social welfare quality and enhances people's quality of life.[11] The development of artificial intelligence in public healthcare is among the most hopeful and vulnerable areas, as disruptions in this industry are intolerable, putting numerous people's lives in danger.[12]

The AI's ability to imitate human cognitive functions has resulted in a fundamental shift in healthcare, fueled by rising medical data availability and technological growth in analytics techniques.[13] However, implementation has been slow, owing primarily to the cost savings that can be realized by conventional face-to-face interactions, which are the epicentre of the healthcare service sector.[14]

The various areas of study in public healthcare, in which AI can be utilised include clinical application, translation application, etc. The clinical application includes disorder diagnosis, treatment effectiveness, and outcome prediction; translation application contains reshaping and drug discovery, clinical testing, and in-silico clinical trials or biomedicine related[15]; and public health relevance area covers everything related to epidemic outbreak prediction and precision health.[16]

Everything associated to infectious disease infection prediction and precision health comes under the umbrella of public health relevance. Artificial intelligence has the ability to modify the healthcare industry in many ways, including physical and virtual branches. The physical branch deals with robotics research that, for instance, may help people, doctors, or even nurses, while the virtual branch coincides with the study of deep-learning information management for managing electronic medical records, healthcare systems, and presumably assisting doctors in making medical decisions.

Healthcare records or data, whether structured or unstructured, can be evaluated using AI techniques such as machine learning methods (classical support vector machine and neural network) for structured data and deep learning techniques, as well as natural language processing, for unstructured data.

AI tools are mostly employed in cancer, neurology, and cardiology, encompassing three primary areas: early detection, diagnosis, therapy, outcome prediction, and prognosis evaluation. There has also been active discussion of AI doctors replacing human physicians in the future, which is thought to be unrealistic; instead, AI can certainly be used to assist physicians in making better clinical decisions or even replace human judgment in certain areas of healthcare, such as radiology.

In medical equipment, advancements in health monitoring devices (for heart rate, oxygen level, blood pressure, and motion monitors) have enabled doctors and intimate family members to care for patients remotely from their homes or hospitals.[17] The most important aspect of the challenges of adopting AI in healthcare has been highlighted by Sun and Medaglia, who also discuss how various stakeholders, including government policy-makers, hospital administrators and doctors, and managers of IT firms, will face future social, economic, ethical, political, legal, and technological challenges.

Information, communication and technology (ICT)
Among other things, data, text, audio, video, and pictures can all be included in the compilation, processing, storage, and transmission of information using ICT, which can be characterized as a set of tools, equipment, resources, software, its applications, networks, and a media.[18] This section is divided into three parts: the information environment, chatbots that can improve government-citizen communication, and data management, including policy analytics in the public sector that uses statistical modeling and computational approaches like AI and computer simulation for understanding.

The information environment is made up of networks (fixed and mobile) that are responsible for ensuring users receive and transmit information and data without any interruptions.[19], for example, around 270 cases of hacking of government websites in India were reported between 2017 and 2018. The information environment is vital as there has been increasing demand for smooth reception and transmission of data among the different users and AI intervention will help in making new developments and faster information exchange leading to the transparent and seamless information environment.

The chatbots are intelligent machines that have the ability to understand and process the spoken language and communicate by using speech at user level and they can help in significantly reducing the administrative burden of public organizations by advancing the communication between citizens and government within the public services provision, that has been a matter of concern for a long time.

Data privacy problem is related to the issue of clarifying the data ownership that may lead to the possibility of significant tensions among different stakeholders who are responsible for data creation, management, and processing and for relieving such tensions, it is inevitable to identify the data ownership and benefits generated via АI applications. Even though much attention has been given to capabilities development for data analysis, there is a huge scope for understanding the role of data management in a context of АI in government sector.

Environmental sustainability
Due to its capabilities in the fields of natural language processing (speech recognition), machine translation, computer vision (image recognition and classification), data analytics, and pattern recognition, as well as the most recent technologies being used, sophisticated machine learning and deep learning, AI has enormous potential in environmental sustainability-related issues. Applications for AI in the environment might be found in a variety of fields, including agriculture, energy and utilities, and environmental protection.

The first use of satellite data is to predict solar radiation on a global scale to fight global warming, or to track rich or poor areas in emerging or developing countries to end poverty, or to safeguard global fisheries by enabling transparency for identifying fishing patterns in the oceans or sea. The second application is in agriculture, which is undoubtedly on the verge of an AI revolution with higher productivity and lower consumption expectations, especially for developing nations like India.[20]

A fully integrated beehive management system with custom sensors that enables beekeepers to monitor their hives in real-time on smartphones is one of the innovations in this field. Another is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and machine learning for growing crops indoors using only light, water, and nutrients.

The third use is in the energy industry and involves establishing up intelligent networks between producers and consumers to store and deliver energy as needed; forecasting energy consumption peaks in densely populated regions, which might aid in real-time operating setting optimization,[21] and assessing solar energy implementation methods in different countries in order to use renewable energy sources.

Other applications include forecasting the daily maximum ozone threshold, predicting oil consumption to ensure that natural resources are used wisely to meet future generations' needs, predicting long-term solar radiation to reduce the effects of climate change on pristine environments, predicting risk and assessing various environmental factors, monitoring and conserving wildlife with the aid of automated cars, land-use planning, waste management, and geospatial analysis, that plays a vital role in issues related to environmental monitoring and management, motor vehicle navigation, land use planning and distribution logistics.

Transportation
The transportation industry's cutting-edge technology is frequently impacted by a number of unpredictable circumstances, including traffic, mistakes made by people, and accidents. However, artificial intelligence, which employs neural networks and genetic algorithms to forecast or make judgments based on observable data, has effectively taken off in the transportation sector. AI has been applied in a variety of areas related to the transportation sector, such as vehicle automation that aids in wildlife monitoring and conservation, real-time medical assistance, the collection of e-waste via advanced routing plans, and the retrieval of crime-related data by police while on patrol in order to keep the public safe. Implementing precise AI prediction techniques for predicting volume in the road freight transport system may also assist businesses in making profitable investment decisions. Many nations worry about traffic congestion.

By adopting better traffic signal algorithms and real-time tracking for regulating higher and lower traffic patterns efficiently, AI may be successfully employed in managing traffic. Using self-driving cars and trucks (developed by Uber and Elon Musk) to increase productivity and reduce the number of accidents on highways, using intelligent registration certificates to digitally track the owner if they admit to committing any crime on the road, and managing electric vehicles in the smart grid for optimizing stored energy that can be used later are other application areas.[22]

Government law and policy-making
To ensure that individuals have digital dignity, intelligent public administration supports the efficacy of rights and inclusive technology growth. The government may use AI to improve public services and policymaking, which is one of the difficult processes that must take place in dynamic contexts and affect the three pillars of sustainable development: the economy, society, and environment. Every political activity is a response to public pressure that has an impact on economic, financial, and environmental factors.

Numerous AI methods, including optimization and decision-support methods, data and opinion mining, game theory, and agent-based simulation, have the potential to enhance the policy-making process. The use of tools that enable argumentation or those that employ the sentence-based approach of case-based or abductive reasoning is utilized for crime-fighting and also provide automated legal advice at a lower cost in the legal environment, where AI also has a role to play.

The most intriguing use of AI is in administering flawless elections with the aid of computerized voting, which will necessitate further study into the accuracy of ballot readers, national voter registration systems, and new voting methods, which may include the use of telephones and other online methods, as well as methods of implementing system integrity and computer program correctness.[23]

Economic and financial applications
The development and use of AI technology in the financial sector have led to significant transformations in banking, insurance, and capital markets. One of the first industries to adopt AI, the banking sector is interested in exploring and implementing the technology in a variety of ways. Some of the applications include developing smarter chatbots for personalized customer service, installing AI robots for self-service, or even using technology to improve back-office efficiency or lower fraud and security risks.

Investment and fintech companies use robot traders and robot advisors for autonomous trading and portfolio management, respectively. AI technology can also be implemented in government capital budgeting, financial fraud detection, financial management of Public-Private Partnership projects[24] and lastly in financial regulation where government agencies may use machine learning for supervisory purposes.

The research and development sector, which contains patents and scientific publications that affect any country's economic growth, automation or mechanization, where robots can replace jobs of a repetitive nature, including army jobs, default risk analysis, and political risk assessment are other significant areas where AI find its application.

Unemployment is one of the inescapable problems that the majority of growing and emerging economies face, and its forecast may be made effectively utilizing numerous AI algorithms, allowing for the early implementation of countermeasures.

It is also argued by Nilsson and Cook[25] that since future technical developments in AI and automation have the potential to replace humans by machines in multiple jobs resulting in reduced human labor, therefore that shall directly impact the human occupations and distribution of income of households.

Other domains
This section covers all those papers that do not fall under any of the themes mentioned above, such as address issues related to the educational policy rationalities and prediction; focus on challenges and opportunities for sustainable development in the education sector; throws light on the intelligent administration of the robotic systems; provides an overview of how АI impacts society; depict the role of the Internet of things (IoT) informing the smart government, and and portray the overall АI adaptation model in UАE and India, respectively.

Usage And Relevance Of The Present Research To Stakeholders On The Intersection Of Ai And Electronic Governance

The various stakeholders must join hands to ensure that AI is used for benevolent purposes[26]
India has had a rapid increase in digital adoption over the past ten years thanks to the government's focus on the JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) to establish a unique digital identity for each individual.

India presently has approximately 55% of its population online, up from just 4% in 2007, and is expected to have one billion users online by 2025.

India has effectively closed the digital gap and now has a unique chance to use cutting-edge technologies to harness the data being generated for the sake of its inhabitants. India has the ability to use these enormous datasets to design frameworks that will empower individuals, promote fairness, and help the country race to its goal of creating $1 trillion in economic value through digital technologies by 2025 as artificial intelligence (AI) spreads throughout society.

India has effectively closed the digital gap and now has a unique chance to use cutting-edge technologies to harness the data being generated for the sake of its inhabitants. India has the ability to use these enormous datasets to design frameworks that will empower individuals, promote fairness, and help the country race to its goal of creating $1 trillion in economic value through digital technologies by 2025 as artificial intelligence (AI) spreads throughout society.

More recently, the government also deregulated the geospatial sector allowing private players to bring state-of-the- art solutions to the sector, and spur innovation in АI-enabled hotspot mapping and analytics. The same has been observed in the Philippines where UNDP's Pintig Lab7 used АI models on geospatial data to make granular estimates that informed the country's responses and recovery strategy against Covid-19 as well as mapping poverty hotspots to identify the most vulnerable communities.

In India, this can lead to the transformation of various sectors such as infrastructure, health, and help in designing climate change-resilient cities.

Cutting energy losses
Another important area that stands to gain from the widespread use of AI is the energy industry. The country as a whole currently loses billions of dollars each year due to losses in renewable energy, with Delhi and Kolkata alone accounting for $36 million.
By improving grid load management through the use of AI in the energy industry, renewable energy generators and Discoms may reduce losses and boost efficiency, ultimately making the deployment of renewables cost-effective.

One such example that aims to change the methods used for designing and operating electrical infrastructure in developing countries is the Electricity Growth and Use in Developing Economies (e-GUIDE) tool from eminent international scientists and researchers.

The Renewable Energy Management Centres (REMCs) of the Power Ministry will be able to offer improved renewable energy forecasting, scheduling, and monitoring capabilities with the help of AI by processing huge datasets of historical weather, generation output history, and electricity demand in a region.

Governments may become more sensitive to new trends and take appropriate action by implementing digital transformation using AI. Government authorities are advancing the use of AI technology for efficient data compliance, tax monitoring, and other tasks.

The vital requirement for government capacity building and sensitization cannot be understated in the context of AI deployment in the public sector. A much-needed conversation on "AI for good" has started thanks to initiatives like RAISE 2020, the Digital India Dialogue, and AI Pe Charcha, which cover all elements of developing technology.

Further, we must create enabling environments in schools through multidisciplinary approaches with АI at their core to empower the next generation to play an essential role in designing practical АI solutions for India and in India. MeitY's 'Responsible АI for Youth' has incentivised youth participation through a platform for exposure to a tech mindset, and digital readiness.

Public-private ties
Another program, Future Skills Prime, has demonstrated the power of public-private collaboration by compiling digitally ready courses for use by residents, workers of the government, and companies. Such projects offer enormous promise for the partnership between civil society and the commercial sector in the pursuit of responsible AI.

In order to harness the potential of AI, it would be important to create a supportive environment that aspires to promote AI advancements in India while properly regulating them to prevent public harm. The expansion of marketplaces for beneficial AI-driven products and services will be aided by standardizing the game's rules. Strong public-private partnerships and collaborations must be supported, in which the government develops an underpinning public architecture as a "Digital Public Good" on which private companies construct applications.

A step in this direction is the planned National Programme for AI, which will expand on current alliances and boost the governmental ability to promote AI technologies and research for deployment in the public sector.

It is crucial for the many stakeholders, including inventors, policymakers, academics, industry experts, charitable organizations, multilateral, and civil society to work together to help steer AI's development towards beneficial goals as it continues to permeate every aspect of our everyday lives. India can take the lead in prospering via Artificial Intelligence solutions, contributing to inclusive growth and social empowerment, thanks to its technical expertise and quantity of data.

The Minister of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India, Singh, IAS, is the President and CEO of the National E-Governance Division (NeGD) and the MD and CEO of the Digital India Corporation. Khanna is the managing director of The Rockefeller Foundation's Asia Regional Office.

Conclusion:
It is universally recognised that e-governance is crucial for carrying out government functions. The main goal of e-governance is to enable the government to effectively and efficiently offer services to its citizens and decision-makers. E-government services have the ability to benefit both governments and citizens by increasing service accessibility while reducing service delivery charges.

Over time, technology has seen some significant advancements. Governments must solve a number of challenges in order to offer e-Government services to their citizens. To ensure that the benefits reach every single person in society, the government must promote e-Government services.

Consequently, in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the benefits, governments must acknowledge the primary obstacles to achieving comprehensive government transition while developing and delivering e-government services using artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of things (IoT).

For this, a reference model that encompasses the structure and principles to implement e-government services, assess the services, and make the services easy to use for the public is needed. This reference model must be autonomous of technology platforms and organizational structure.

All e-Government services are built on the Internet. Efforts are being made globally to make e-Government services available to its population in order to save costs and develop effective and efficient operations. E-government opens up new avenues for communication between the government and its constituents.

When incorporated incorrectly, e-government services run the risk of failing often and posing a number of risks. Data breaches including security and privacy are only a few of the concerns associated with it. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can provide more complicated solutions to these threats by identifying anomalies and safeguarding the data from vulnerabilities.[27]

End-Notes:

1. Nawal Gazala, Ai in e-governance: A potential opportunity for India, INDIAAI (Nov. 18, 2022), https://indiaai.gov.in/article/ai-in-e-governance-a-potential-opportunity-for-india.
2. Ai in E-governance � applications and benefits, SOULPAGE (Nov. 18, 2022), https://soulpageit.com/ai-in-e-governance-use-cases-and-trends/.
3. Karin Kelley, What is Artificial Intelligence: Types, history, and future, SIMPLILEARN (Nov. 18, 2022),
   https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/artificial-intelligence-tutorial/what-is-artificial-intelligence.
4. E-governance in India, CLEARTAX (Nov. 18, 2022), https://cleartax.in/s/e-governance.
5. e-Governance, PUDUCHERRY DISTRICT (Nov. 18, 2022), https://puducherry-dt.gov.in/e-governance/.
6. Supra note 2
7. 5 challenges for government adoption of ai, QRIUS (Nov. 18, 2022), https://qrius.com/5-challenges-for-government-adoption-of-ai/.
8. Id.
9. Supra note 1
10. Supra note 2
11. M.N.D. Tuan, N.N. Thanh, L. Le Tuan, Applying a mindfulness-based reliability strategy to the Internet of Things in healthcare � a business model in the Vietnamese market, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, SCIENCEDIRECT (Nov. 18, 2022), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040162517317997.
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