Review Of Literature
Rabindra Nath Karmakar authored the book 'Forensic Medicine and Toxicology:
Theory, Oral & Practical' (2015) (Karmakar)is a book written before the criminal
law (Amendment) Act 2013. along with the medical factors; this book beautifully
narrates India's legal stand on acid attack before 2013.Jane Welsh,' It Was Like
Burning in Hell' (2009), Acid attacks can also be categorised under certain
common causes and factors.
This literature also focuses on a comparative study on
the explanations and motives behind acid attack cases in four different
countries.Nehaluddin Ahmad in the article 'Acid Attacks on Women: An Appraisal
of the Indian Legal Response' (2011) (Karmakar; Ahmad, "Acid Attacks on Women:
An Appraisal of the Indian Legal Response")puts light on the evil practice of
acid attack that's prevalent in many South Asian countries. The intentional
throwing or pouring of acid with a motive of defacing or killing an individual
is used as a brutal way of taking revenge.Parvathi Menon and Sanjay Vashistha
authored 8'Vitriolage & India- the modern Weapon of Revenge' (2013) is a well
written piece of article that covers most aspects of the brutal violence of acid
throwing as a weapon of revenge.
Starting with the tragic incident of Laxmi's
life the authors proceed to focus on some relevant statistics on the
problem.Karthik Ashok, in the 'Report of the Committee on Amendments to Criminal
Law' (2013), Reviewing this literature is important because the outcry of public
after the Delhi gang rape case and therefore the resulting outcome in the form
of Justice Verma Committee Report are the sole reasons behind declaring acid
attacks as a standalone offence in India.Kundan Srivastava authored the article
'Weak Laws against Acid Attacks on Women in India- Shameful state for women
Organization' (2014), starts with a definition of the term 'acid attack' within
the words of the author.
The author considers marriage and family related
issues, rejection, male honour etc. to be the vital reasons that result into the
brutal violence of acid attack. Elise Bonding (1999) ,in his article also
describes the causes and consequences of acid attack in a very precise way. this
article also narrates how a budget and simple availability of acid is
aggravating the entire situation and putting the victims during a state of
terrible physical and psychological challenges. Vanita Awasthi and Rohit Kumar
Gupta author article 'A Socio-Legal Study of Acid Attacks on Women in India'
(2015) starts with a quick description of the brutal violence that acid attack
survivor Laxmi Saa experienced. After defining what constitutes an acid attack;
the authors provide some statistical data on the difficulty . Bahl (2008) argues
that patriarchy is the main reason for violations against women.
The social
organization and cultural system that are keeping Indian women subordinated are
perpetuating violence against women, not only during their lifetime, but even
before they (girls) are born. Chinmaya Kumar and Hiranmaya Nanda authored
research paper 'Acid Attack and women in India: A Critical Analysis'
(2015) starts with a quick overview on the difficulty of acid attack.
This
introductory part also points out how the increasing rate of crimes and
discovery of new ways of committing them could be a big concern for society.Shankarjha (1998) explains that even today, various sorts of violence
against women are manifested themselves directly in foeticide, female child
killing, bride-burning dowry-murder, wife battering, abduction, eve-teasing,
verbal abuses or verbal rebukes. Aishwarya Deb and Prithwish Roy Chowdhury
authored 'A Fate Worse than Death: A Critical Exploration of Acid Attack
Violence in India' (2015) starts with an idea provoking quotation of acid attack
survivor Laxmi. This quotation beautifully portrays how acid attack brings an
entire change in the victims' life. Laxmi's statement also portrays how society
blames victims; instead of showing empathy for such attacks.
Kaarthikeyan
(2005) explains that discrimination against women violates the principles of
equality of rights and respect for human dignity. (Finley, 2013), in this book
the author explained that Acid attacks have a catastrophic impact on the lives
of the victims physically, psychologically and financially. Malhotra et al.,
(2005) point out that in a country, in spite of assorted constitutional
safeguards, violation of human rights takes place a day during a variety of
forms. Shamsi (2004) explains that according to authentic sources the speed of
human rights violation is increasing day-by-day.
This literature also focuses on
a comparative study on the explanations and motives behind acid attack cases in
four different countries. Devi (2005) points out that in Indian society the
matter of violence against women isn't new. The ever present fact of violence,
both overt and covert, physical and non-physical, has an alarming influence on
the status of women. Network, T. I. (2009) carried out a research on "Indian
acid attack victims suffering in silence".
The report uncovered the story of a
woman aged 25, burnt from face right down to her thighs. The objective was to
explore the recorded cases that were stated hospitals by Progressive Women's
Association (PWA). Base., A. (2010) had conducted the study on "acid attacks and
their consequences". Statistically, the main purpose of this study was to find
that figures of acid attacks on women are rising throughout the world at the
present time. Yusufzai, A. (2016) conducted a study on "India moves to counter
acid attacks". This study described that country enacted a law that increases
punishment for perpetrators and is restricting acid sales in an attempt to get
better defensive women.
Methodology
The present paper was analyzed through an empirical method of research. The
present analysis was made through a random sampling method where the survey was
taken from common public, professionals, etc. The sample size in the present
analysis is 200 samples, the independent variables in this analysis are gender
and age, the dependent variables are interpretation of people's knowledge about
the acid attacks in India and people's opinion on effectiveness of acid attack
provisions and on what percentage it reduces the acid attacks. The research
tools used in the present paper such as graphical representation was also used
to analyse the study.
Analysis
Figure 1
Legend :
In this graph it shows the relation between age of the sample respondents and elimination of all forms of violence against women shall be strengthened through.
Result :
In this figure it clearly says that the opinion towards elimination of all forms of violence against shall be strengthened through legal measures or through education and parental guidance . 41.83% of the people who is less than 20 years says that through legal measures we can eliminate violence against women . And 17.49% of the people of age 31-40 years says through parental guidance we can elimate the violence against women .
Discussion :It shows that 41.83 % of the people of age less than 20 years says that through legal measure we can elimate all forms of violence against women and 17.49 of the people of age 31-40 says that through parental guidance we can eliminate . And they say this because through legal measures.
Figure 2
Legend :
In this graph question asked elimination of all forms of violence against women shall be strengthened through.
Result:
Figure 2 shows 41.83% of the respondents have responded that legal measures the violation against women shall be strengthened through.
Discussion:
The percentage of 41.83 of the respondents who have stated through legal measures we can all form violations against womens. Through educating the childrens and youths we can try to stop the violations against womens
Figure 3
Legend:
In this graph the question asked who is the most possible victim for acid attacks.
Result:
Figure 3 shows that 41.83% of teenagers are the victims of acid attacks. It is stated based on the responses collected and the information received by the respondents.
Discussion:
This bar clearly states that the percentage of attacks on teenagers is 41.83% which is really high. It is answered practically because the respondents are aware about the current threat to a girl’s life in India.
Figure 4
Legend: This chart represents the relationship between the educational qualification and the most possible victims of acid attack.
Result :
Figure 4 clearly says that the opinion towards the most possible victims for acid attacks are teenagers that is 41.83% of the undergraduate students agree with that and 17.49% of the postgraduate students says that most possible victims for acid attacks are teenagers and women.
Discussion:
This bar clearly states that the percentage of attacks on teenagers is 41.83% which is really high. It is answered practically because the respondents are aware about the acid attacks
Figure 5
Legend:
This chart represents the relationship between the gender and the biggest concern of the government and other authorities victims of acid attack.
Result:
Figure 5 clearly says that the opinion towards the biggest concern of the government and other authorities victims of acid attack that 24.15% of the undergraduate students agree with that and 3.25 % of the postgraduate students says that most possible victims for acid attacks are teenagers and women
Discussion:
This bar clearly states that the percentage of attacks on teenagers is24.15 % which is really high. It is answered practically it is an biggest concern of the government and other authorities
Figure 6
Legend:
This chart represents the relationship between the age and the biggest concern of the government and other authorities victims of acid attack.
Result:
Figure 6 clearly says that the opinion towards the biggest concern of the government and other authorities victims of acid attack that 20.50% of the undergraduate students agree with that and 1.00 % of the postgraduate students says that most possible victims for acid attacks are teenagers and women
Discussion:
This bar clearly states that the percentage of attacks on teenagers is 20.50 % which is really high. It is answered practically it is an biggest concern of the government and other authorities
Figure 7
Legend:
This chart represents the relationship between the gender and the biggest
concern of the government and other authorities victims of acid attack.
Result:
Figure 7 clearly says that the opinion towards the biggest concern of the
government and other authorities is victims of acid attack that 24.07 % of the
undergraduate students agree with that and 3.24 % of the postgraduate students
says that most possible victims for acid attacks are teenagers and women .
Discussion:
It shows that 24.07 % of UG graduates responded that most possible victims of
acid attack are the biggest concern of the government and other authorities.
Limitation
There were not many limits from the members and analyst's viewpoint. This review
analyzes the encounters of 200 members, engaged with an examination project that
investigates a point on Transfer of cases, that was done web based during a
pandemic circumstance. Hence the reflections on running gathering interviews,
eye to eye before COVID-19 was missing as there were just materials through
internet based studies.
Suggestion
Conclusion
From the above study the researcher has established the gravity of acid attack
in this paper, focusing extensively on the physical, psychological and economic
effects that have on the victims. A discussion has also been carried out on the
lacunae in the Indian Law and the way essential it is to have a particular law
in this regard. Acid violence is widespread and prevalent in our society that
remains often invisible.
Women are unsafe and are frequently victimized even in their homes and sometimes
by their immediate family members. Women are vulnerable to every sort of
violence. The study aimed to research the causes of acid attacks also as their
consequences. Refusal of marriage proposals and family disputes are one of the
most important causes of acid.
The government made several laws and schemes, like restriction of sales of acid,
harsher punishment for the perpetrators, and free access to healthcare
facilities to acid attack victims, have been laid by our lawmakers; however, the
main focus should be restricted to prevention. Several measures, like strengthen
the NGOs, electronic, print, and social media campaigns, should be adapted to
change the orthodox sociocultural norms, which are justifying the violence
against women.
Laws have been made to relieve the victim with financial help in the type of
compensation. The state government came ahead to assist these victims a little
more as they launched a scheme named Rani Laxmi Bai Mahila Samman KoshYojana
which helps the victims by not only giving the compensation but also providing
free treatment without cost limits.
The researcher concludes that the people have knowledge about the acid attacks
in India and also the acid attack welfare provisions are very effective and
nowadays acid attacks are getting reduced. But still acid attacks prevail in
some areas. The legislation did their work properly but women aren't properly
utilising it. These are the conclusions obtained by the researcher through the
random and convenient sampling method with samples of about 200.
References:
Written By: