Introduction The police are sometimes accused of having some people with them ready to be used as witnesses when necessary. That is why such people are known as stock witnesses. They are also ...

Concept of Fine A fine or mulct is money that a court of law or other authority decides has to be paid as punishment for a crime or other offence. The amount of a fine can be determined case b...

In land mark case i.e A R Antulay vs R.S Nayek it was submitted that delay in each stage for trial of an accused violates the fundamental rights of the petitioner. This decision has been consid...

When the complaint is dismissed u/s 203 of the code at the stage of section 200 itself, or on completion of enquiry by the Magistrate u/s 202 or in receipt of the report from the police or from...

All over the world children are considered as most vulnerable and innocent victims of crimes that are committed in society. It is a natural thing that whoever is born will die someday but an a...

General defenses in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) provide individuals with legal justifications for their actions.General Defenses in IPCSome important case laws related to general defenses in the ...

The primary goal of the criminal justice system is to reform criminals rather than punish them, and to provide a socialized penal device to support this reformation principle. Section 562 of th...

Introduction The Latin word alibi means elsewhere. When a defendant asserts an alibi, they are essentially stating that they were elsewhere at the time of the crime. By doing this, they are st...

It is an established fact that to prosecute a civil servant for an offense that has transpired from any act regarding his official duty, a sanction from the appropriate authority is a mandatory...

Circumstantial evidence is indirect proof that relies on inference to establish a fact. Unlike direct evidence that directly proves an assertion, circumstantial evidence involves a collection o...