The tragic passing of Natalie Wood, a luminous star of Hollywood's golden age renowned for her roles in classics like "Miracle on 34th Street," "Rebel Without a Cause," and ...

The Indian legal system, in its pursuit of justice, leans heavily on tangible realities. Two critical facets of this pursuit, seemingly disparate yet united by the underlying principle of provi...

The pursuit of justice often involves navigating a complex legal landscape. Within criminal law, the "compounding of offences" offers a distinctive resolution, particularly when invol...

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (hereafter would be mentioned as BNS) is being passed by the governing body to supplant the colonial laws specified within the Indian Penal Code (hereafter would be ment...

A fair legal system depends on the integrity of its investigations. Law enforcement's evidence gathering is crucial for protecting the innocent and holding the guilty accountable. However, inve...

Legal proceedings often encounter situations where a single event triggers multiple criminal complaints, presenting a complex web for the courts to navigate. This intersection demands a careful...

When managing cross-complaints stemming from a single incident, police investigations must emphasize unbiasedness and a complete understanding of the situation. Detectives should take all claim...

Section 112 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, represents a significant development in India's legal approach to economic offences, specifically addressing ticket scalping. This articl...

Indian criminal law is constantly evolving to meet modern needs and technological advancements. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), is a significant step in this evolution, con...

True crime history is filled with dark stories, but few have gripped the public imagination like the murder of Elizabeth Short, infamously known as "The Black Dahlia." In January 1947...

The hijacking of Egypt Air Flight 648 on November 23, 1985, was a day of immense tragedy and fear, forever etched in aviation history. As the plane took off from Athens, Greece, three hijackers...

Natascha Kampusch's name is synonymous with a harrowing tale of abduction, isolation, and extraordinary resilience. Her story, a stark illustration of childhood's vulnerability and the human sp...

The life of Blanche Taylor Moore is a chilling tapestry woven with threads of love, loss, and a disturbing pattern of untimely deaths surrounding the men who entered her orbit. This sinister sa...

Religious crimes are one of the major problems of modern times, especially in countries like India where the society is so diversed. These crime incidents that are born out of intolerance and p...

Edmund Kemper's life was a chilling descent into darkness, rooted in the profound trauma of his childhood. His mother, Clarnell, inflicted years of unrelenting abuse. Confined to the basement, ...

Despite significant declines in crime rates across the U.S. and globally, public fear of crime remains stubbornly high. This article investigates this disconnect, examining the statistical evid...

Dishonest misappropriation of property and criminal breach of trust are two offenses under the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 which deal with wrongful possession and ...

Indian criminal laws from the English time are being supplanted by bills passed by the Parliament, which is by all accounts a significant stage towards modernizing the general set of laws in th...

In a historic legislative move , the Indian government has proposed a complete overhaul of its colonial era criminal laws. The three new bills – Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bhartiya Nagrik ...

Marriage traditions that create romantic images of deep love and complete mutual respect and enduring companionship actually include a troubling legal hole affecting many regions worldwide incl...

After reading the term "digital rape" people usually mis conceptualise the term with a rape that would have been conducted with the use of any kind of digital technology .The term could be inte...

The story of Betty Broderick is a chilling account of a marriage destroyed by infidelity, resentment, and ultimately, fatal violence. Initially, Betty dedicated herself to supporting her husban...

The piercing shriek of sirens ripped through the tranquil atmosphere of a senior citizen apartment complex nestled in Yonkers, New York, at precisely 6:00 p.m. on August 22, 2007. Firefighters,...

During Kim Il-sung's reign as North Korea's Supreme Leader, his son Kim Jong-il took control of the Propaganda and Agitation Department in 1967. At just 25 years old, Kim Jong-il exerted signif...

In the annals of American true crime, few figures loom as chillingly as Belle Gunness - the so-called Mistress of Murder Farm. Born Brynhild Paulsdatter Størseth in Selbu, Norway, in 1859, she...

Murder (Clauses 101, 103) [Murder 101 BNS] S101 of Sanhita deals with the cases where culpable homicide is murder. A case of culpable homicide is murder if it: Falls unde...

In India, the Rule of Law is of the utmost importance. To uphold this very principle, law enforcement bodies are set up. Consequently, such bodies do have certain powers which having the force ...

June 11, 1986, began as an ordinary Wednesday for Susan Snow, but it quickly turned tragic. Shortly after taking two Excedrin capsules, she collapsed and died later that day in an Auburn, Washi...

Criminal Offences are those which endanger or pose a threat to the social, societal fabric. A Society, may it be of any kind, even a single family or be it a group of hunters and gatherers, ...

The 1995 murder of Scott Amedure, a tragedy born from the sensationalism of daytime television, remains a haunting example of the dangers of exploitative media. Amedure's appearance on The Je...

Born in 1905 as Nancy Hazel, Nannie Doss presented a facade that belied the chilling reality she would become. Her mother's romantic magazine columns painted an image of ideal love, a stark con...

One of the biggest dangers to both national and international security is still terrorism. The complex nature of terrorism in India, which is motivated by regional, religious, and ideological f...

A significant, yet often overlooked, crisis exists within the criminal justice system: the substantial underreporting of crimes combined with persistently low rates of crime clearance. This hid...

Culpable Homicide (Clauses 100, 105)Introduction: - Homicide is killing of a human being by a human being. It may be either lawful or unlawful. Death means the death of human being. It is not n...

The year 2003 began with a shocking headline that reverberated through Hollywood and the music world: the death of Lana Clarkson at the home of Phil Spector, the legendary music producer. Their...

The 1936 Ann Cooper Hewitt case in San Francisco exposed the disturbing abuses of the American eugenics movement. When Ann Cooper Hewitt, a twenty-one-year-old heiress, sued her mother, Maryon,...

In the summer of 1986, Mary Couey's world shattered with the death of her son, Keith Warren, a vibrant young man on the verge of starting college. Found hanging from a tree near their Maryland ...

The Indian legal framework distinctly categorizes wrongs as civil or criminal, with each having its own purpose, procedural path, and remedy. Civil law seeks restitution between individuals, wh...

The study mentions India's legal system related to undertrial prisoners. The rights and treatment of undertrial prisoners - those who are waiting for trial or punishment in the criminal justice...

In India, labour regulations have been critical in balancing the interests of businesses and employees. Among them, the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act of 1946 stands out as an importa...

In the fall of 1982, a wave of terror gripped Chicago and the nation. A seemingly harmless over-the-counter pain reliever, Tylenol, became an instrument of death. The Chicago Tylenol murders, c...

Jennifer Morey, like countless ambitious young professionals, sought a residence that offered both comfort and a sense of security. Her decision to reside at Bayou Park Apartments in Houston, T...

In an era defined by limited opportunities for women, Isabella Goodwin defied societal norms and revolutionized the New York Police Department (NYPD). Her journey began with tragedy in 1896 whe...

The International Criminal Law diaspora under compensates individuals who are frequent victims of atrocities conducted in a cross-border stature. War crimes, crimes against humanity, and genoc...

Drafting is the bedrock of effective legal practice, particularly in the realm of criminal law where the stakes are incredibly high. The liberty of an individual, the preservation of public ord...

A range of nonviolent crimes, known as "white-collar crimes," are frequently perpetrated for financial advantage in professional or corporate settings. The majority of these offenses ...

July 30, 2008, began as an ordinary evening for passengers aboard a Greyhound bus traveling from Edmonton to Winnipeg, but would soon become etched in infamy as the scene of a horrific and inex...

We are often moved by uplifting tales of victims finding love with their rescuers, stories that reaffirm our faith in the healing power of human connection in the aftermath of trauma. However, ...

Late 18th and early 19th century England's burgeoning medical schools desperately needed cadavers for anatomical dissection to train future surgeons and physicians, but legal avenues for obtain...

Through a variety of laws and provisions, the Indian Constitution aims to eliminate disparities between different socioeconomic groups and provide everyone with equality of status and opportuni...

This story paints a stark and tragic picture of the desperate measures individuals may take within the confines of a prison system and the devastating consequences that can ensue. It recounts t...

Freedom is one of the quintessential human rights which is necessary for human existence of an individual this freedom is never an absolute right, being subject to certain reasonable limitation...

Tattoos, which are lasting skin markings, have traditionally been viewed as personal stories, cultural symbols, and even expressions of rebellion. While tattoos hold diverse significance in lif...

Mitchell v. Kallas (2018): Case Summary and Legal Analysis Mitchell v. Kallas, decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit on July 10, 2...

Case: State Of Rajasthan & Ors V. Love Kush Meena Court: The Supreme Court of India Petitioner: State of Rajasthan & Ors Respondent: Love Kush Meena Date of Judgement: Marc...

This paper addresses the serious problem of prison riots and investigates the various factors that contribute to their emergence. While it underscores that inadequate living conditions are the ...

The Indian Criminal System penalises violation of dignity of an alive woman, while overlooks similar deed to a corpse, regardless of the morbid nature of act- the outlook contested by the Karna...

Diverse treatment meted out within the structures of the criminal justice system on account of the sex of the individual in question, such as legal, sentencing, or in the verdict passed by a ju...

The cornerstone of a fair criminal trial lies in the meticulous presentation and scrutiny of evidence. While the role of the Investigating Officer (IO) is undeniably crucial in gathering and pr...

The formal lodging of a First Information Report (FIR) in India marks the commencement of the adversarial criminal justice process. Often, this immediate initiation overlooks opportunities for ...

21st Century is the often categorized as the century of innovation and modernity. Invention and genesis of computer and other tech devices is one of the most contributing factors to such modern...

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act of 2002 (PMLA) is a crucial legislation in India's battle against economic offenses, passed as a result of global undertakings under agreements like the V...

The Victim Compensation Scheme is a significant piece of legislation that attempts to provide financial aid and rehabilitation to victims of crime. According to Section 396 of the Bhartiya Naga...

The Supreme Court judgment in Ram Kumar v. State (NCT) of Delhi [(AIR 1999 SC 2259)] addresses a critical question in the administration of criminal justice: the evidentiary value and reliabili...

The Supreme Court's decision in Darshan Singh v. State of Haryana (AIR 1997 SC 364) lays down a significant principle regarding the evaluation of conflicting evidence in criminal trials, partic...

The Supreme Court's judgment in State of Rajasthan v. Gurbachan Singh, 2022 Live Law (SC) 1028, provides a concise yet crucial exposition on the principles of joint liability under Section 34 o...

The Supreme Court's decision in Maheshwari Jadav v. State of Bihar, 2023 Live Law (SC) 1063, while seemingly reiterating a settled principle of law, serves as a crucial reminder of the nuanced ...

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has become a favoured method for resolving conflicts globally, offering an alternative to conventional court proceedings. Techniques like mediation, arbitra...

When a High Court issues a "stop investigation" order, investigating police officers are legally prohibited from continuing their investigations into the concerned cases. These orders...

Introduction-A Mother's Nightmare Unfolds:The 5th of March, 2025, began as an ordinary day for a girl child, a resident of Dhaniakhali, Hooghly. She found herself at the bustling Howrah Railway S...

The article analyses the recent suo motu action taken by Hon'ble Patna High in the matter of Pramod Saini v State of Bihar & others.[1] which was being considered as a crucial and positive ...

Supplementary charge sheets in India are governed by Section 193(9) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023. This section empowers the police to conduct further investigation and...

Criminal defence advocates, defending the accused persons who have been considered by the people to be guilty in heinous crimes, are at the receiving end many a time. The public at large, a sec...

"While another held my hands and legs, one of them pinned me to the ground. My boyfriend's father then poured acid down my throat. She lost consciousness and started to drift. They took of...

Rape is one of the heinous crime which can be committed against the consent of woman in society. Marital rape is a critical issue which represents the concern of human rights of woman . Marital...

Shilpa Mittal v. State of NCT Delhi & Ors. Court: The Supreme Court of India Citation: AIR 2020 SC 405 Appellant: Shilpa Mittal Respondent: State of NC...

Throughout history, the term 'contempt' has referred to acts of defiance against the directives of a sovereign ruler or governmental authority. Even in ancient times, any act of disobedience di...

Robotics has advanced at an extraordinary pace, and the emergence of robotic dogs represents a particularly compelling and fascinating development within the field. These sophisticated machines...

"Culpable homicide is the genus, and murder is its species" is a key idea in criminal law, especially when it comes to the categorization of crimes including homicide. The philosophic...

White-collar crimes, frequently characterized by non-violent, financially driven offenses, are generally executed by individuality, commercial realities, or governmental officers within their...

Sexual Abuse of Children and Its Effects What is Sexual Abuse? Sexual abuse is a heinous offence that gives a lifetime of trauma to the victim. It affects the overall development an...

Crime Scene A crime scene is defined as the location in which a crime has been committed or where any evidence related to the crime can be found. It is the first indicat...

Who is the child? The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act defines a "child" under Section 2(12) as a person who has not completed eighteen years of age. ...

Nirbhaya Case (2012) On December 12, 2012, a 23-year-old woman (later called Nirbhaya by the media) was brutally gang-raped and assaulted on a moving bus in Delhi. The incident ...

Statutory Rape: A Law of Consent, Age, and Social Norms Statutory rape is considered a serious issue of law, which raises very tough questions regarding consent, age, and social norms. In fact,...

In India 'family matters' refers to legal issue related to divorce, adoption, marriage, child custody, alimony, domestic violence, and inheritance all of these come under the family matters. ...

Acid attacks are a cruel form of violence that causes permanent physical, psychological, and social harm to victims. This form of violence involves the intentional throwing of corrosive substan...

Plea bargaining, a legal mechanism that allows an accused to negotiate a guilty plea in exchange for a lesser sentence or charge, has garnered attention in Indian criminal jurisprudence. Introd...

The case of Shyamal Chandra Pal v. The State of West Bengal (CRR 205 of 2022) before the Calcutta High Court is a stark illustration of how systemic failures can lead to profound inju...

Horses have been a vital component of law enforcement for centuries, serving essential functions in maintaining order, patrolling challenging terrains, and fostering community connections. Desp...

In this Article we will endeavour to understand the concept of Statutory Rape as was enshrined in the Indian Penal Code, 1860 and now its newer Avtar as Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita,2024. Through the...

The term first information report has not been defined in the code of procedure rather the term has not been used expert in section 207 which requires the magistrate to furnish to the accused a...

What Do You Mean By Bail?Bail in simple language means a relief for a person who is accused of any particular crime in our country. It is technically known as the fundamental concept in the Ind...

Everyone wishes to feel safe, regardless of gender. Stalking is not a women's issue or a men's issue; it's a human rights issue.Tracing back to the history, the patriarchal society doesn't prov...

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) applies to reported murder cases, and the accused is subject to punishment under its provisions. The victim's family receives compensation from the state. The ...

To meet the ends of justice and to rely on the testimony given by the concerned party, evidence is presented before the Hon'ble Court. The term 'evidence' is classified into various types ...

The introduction of three new codes of criminal law in India which will replace the IPC 1860, the CrPC 1973, and the Indian Evidence Act 1872 respectively, with the coming of Bharatiya Nyaya Sa...

A man is a man; an act is an act; rape is a rape; be it performed by a man "husband" on the woman "wife" Marital rape is still not considered a heinous crime in countless countries, leaving ...

As we all know, there are many kinds of drugs in society which have scientific and medical uses, but these days people use them illegally. There are certain acts made by parliament to prevent u...

A black warrant, formally known as a "warrant for execution of sentence of death," is a sombre judicial order issued by a court to authorize the execution of an individual who has bee...

'In an ordinary proceeding to establish the facts stated by the parties of the concerned case, evidence is one of the most essential aspects. For evidence to be admissible, it must be accurate ...

Law and psychology exist in a symbiotic relationship, each field profoundly impacting the other. Legal systems create the framework of rules and principles intended to regulate human conduct, w...

Police investigations are systematic endeavours aimed at solving crimes and upholding justice through meticulous evidence collection, suspect identification, and event reconstruction. This mult...

In a landmark decision delivered on February 19, 2025, the Supreme Court of India provided significant clarification regarding the legality of registering multiple First Information Reports (FI...

The Supreme Court of India, on February 21, 2025, overturned culpable homicide charges against a doctor who prescribed medication to a nurse via telephone. In a landmark judgment with far-reac...

The incorporation of drone technology is transforming numerous industries, including the correctional system. Prisons globally are increasingly deploying drones for both legitimate security and...

Preventive arrest is a legal measure that allows law enforcement to detain an individual before they commit a crime, if there's reasonable belief they pose a threat to public peace, order, or n...

Being summoned by the police can naturally cause anxiety. However, it's vital to be aware of your legal rights and remember your legal responsibilities in this situation. Whether you are called...

General Diary:A General Diary (GD) is an official log kept at every police station to chronicle daily operations, grievances, and noteworthy occurrences. It functions as a repository for police...

The year 1981 saw unprecedented unrest within the Mumbai police force. K.P. Medhekar, the police commissioner at the time, had only served for four months before being elevated to the position ...

Facts forming parts of the same transaction = The doctrine of Res Gestae. The literal meaning of Res Gestae is - things done Res gestae is a doctrine developed under English law and can be under...

A Bail is a judicial process that must be conducted impartially, judicially, and by statutory and constitutional prescripts. Bail is a right to liberty in criminal jurisprudence. It reflects th...

In a recent judgment, Justice Bhuyan observed that: "Acceptability of a dying declaration is greater because the declaration is made in extremity. When a party is on the verge of death, one ra...

The established legal principle that a High Court possesses the authority to terminate criminal proceedings, even those involving offences traditionally considered non-compoundable, when partie...

In Karuppudayar v. State 2025 the Supreme Court of India on 31.01.2025 overturned a case filed under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 (SC/ST Act). ...

In the country where there is continuous fight for gender equality and gender-neutral rape laws it is paradoxical note that the laws for heinous crimes like rape remain to be patriarchal and ex...

The Supreme Court of India has issued a directive prohibiting police from serving notices under Section 41A of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) or Section 35 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Surak...

This statement forms an essential part of the jurisprudence surrounding the law of evidence. It emphasizes the relationship and distinction between "admissions" and "confessions,...

Have you ever wondered when someone could sue you for defamation, even though all you did was provide a critical review or express your opinion? The distinction between a negative review or str...

The doctrine of estoppel is a legal principle aimed at preventing injustice by prohibiting a person from going back on their word when their representation or conduct has induced reliance to th...

'Rarest of the Rare' is the principle applied for granting capital punishment in India, but should this rule be made applicable to all types of crimes in India ? This research paper is a study ...

Case Analysis on Virsa Singh v State of Punjab AIR 1958 SC 465 Background The judgment was delivered by Justice Vivian Bose, who was born on 9 June 1891 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. He served in the N...

A not-guilty verdict, while seemingly offering refuge from the legal system, often provides only a fragile respite for the defendant. The truth is that the simple act of being accused of a crim...

Children are a crucial element of society and the future of any nation. They play an essential role in shaping a country's cultural, economic, and social fabric. Unfortunately, child sexual abu...

The Private Security Agencies (Regulation) Act of 2005 (PSARA) was created to regulate the burgeoning private security sector, protecting individuals and organizations by standardizing operatio...

Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared this month that Chandigarh has successfully implemented three criminal laws: the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and the B...

Introduction to Malum in Se:"Malum in se," a Latin term meaning "wrong in itself," describes actions inherently immoral, illegal, or harmful. These acts are considered univers...

The section 160 comes under Chapter 12 of Crpc which reads, "Information to the Police and their powers to investigate" thus, it expressly deals with the power of the police to require attendan...

The concept of mistake of fact and mistake of law is a fundamental aspect of criminal jurisprudence that plays a pivotal role in determining the culpability of an individual under the Indian Pe...

With the rise of digital communication and social media, screenshots have become an essential form of evidence in modern litigation. Their convenience, speed of creation, and widespread use has...

This blog will talk about the historical background of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 which provide key guidelines for penalizing crimes in India Introductio...

In this article, we will endeavour to understand the concept of Statutory Rape as was enshrined in the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and now its newer avatar as Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2024. Through the...

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), launched in 2023, replaces the longstanding Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) enacted in 1973, signifying a significant transformation within India's...

In the case of Rakesh Kumar v. State of Bihar, the Supreme Court in March 2024, presided over by Justices Hrishikesh Roy and Prashant Kumar Mishra, ruled that proceedings initiated under the Dr...

The fundamental legal principle of private defence, enshrined in Sections 34 to 44 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, grants individuals the inherent right to proactively safeguard them...

Criminal cases and departmental proceedings often stem from the same set of events. While seemingly similar, they have distinct objectives, procedures, and potential outcomes. Understanding the...

We live in a postmodern society, where apparently the perception of truth is distorted as Steve Tesich refers to it as the [1]'post truth society'. Law today has a close affinity towards the pe...

The deceased's wife, Nikita, was granted bail by a local court since she was the subject of a police investigation into her suspected role in aiding and abetting suicide. Due to its delicate ch...

Our country is considered for higher crime rate , with a rape being the fourth in a position of most common crime which occur in our country, which is not a good remark for our nation. Till ...

The judiciary is crucial for justice, extending beyond punishment to include compensating crime victims. This compensation provides redress for harm, restores dignity, and offers financial supp...

"A murderer kills the body but a rapist kills the soul." - Justice Krishna Iyer  This article deals with the unanswered questions that the Indian Legislature never answered...

This article explores the intersection of pseudo-feminism and false victimhood, highlighting how the former fuels the latter and undermines the pursuit of justice. Pseudo-feminism, characterize...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various sectors of the economy, and the legal industry is no exception. In legal education and the legal profession, AI is playing a significant ...

The Fundamental Requirement of a Driving License:The Motor Vehicles Act of 1988, specifically Section 3 (1), establishes a core principle: driving a motor vehicle in a public space requires a...

The registration of an FIR is a first step to bring the criminal laws into motion. The term FIR was nowhere defined in the code of criminal procedure (CrPC) 1973 or Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha San...

In contemporary legal landscapes, men continue to face a paradox where the legal frameworks intended to protect individuals from abuse and injustice often overlook or even harm them. While dome...

The matter pertains to S. Harish, an alleged owner of child pornography, based on a report from the NCRB. He had more than 100 pornographic files, including two of kid abuse, on his mobile phon...

Social media encompasses online platforms and applications that empower users to produce, distribute, and engage with content. These platforms foster communication, collaboration, and content s...

The Private Security Agencies (Regulation) Act of 2005, often referred to as PSARA, was created to regulate the fast-expanding private security sector in India. Its main objectives include impr...

The Essential Commodities Act (ECA) of 1955 is an important piece of legislation in India aimed at ensuring the availability of essential goods while preventing hoarding and black marketing. Al...

Granting bail does not signify the end of the investigative process. According to Section 193 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, police agencies are permitted to pursue the...

When police do not carry out the arrest of an accused person after a First Information Report (FIR) has been submitted, several reasons may underlie this decision. It is crucial for complainant...

Introduction: Gender equality in criminal law is a principle aimed at ensuring that individuals are treated equally and fairly under the law, regardless of their gender. Gender-based disc...

Overview of Prospective Bail: Prospective or future bail is an innovative idea that is rarely applied; it refers to a type of bail issued by a court with the expectation of a future date, inst...

Sanction acts as a protective measure, shielding public officials from unfair or vengeful prosecution for their actions taken while performing their duties. This mechanism ensures that decision...

A passport serves as an essential travel document issued by a country's government, authorizing its holder to travel internationally and return to the home country. In India, the regulation of ...

Section 78 of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, marks a pivotal evolution in India's legal framework, addressing specific dimensions of justice and societal order in a technologically adv...

The impounding of a passport refers to the temporary suspension of its validity by the authority that issued it. During this period, the passport is confiscated and cannot be utilized for trave...

The recent tragic death of 34-yr old techie Atul Subhash, who is reported to have died by suicide due to marital discord with his wife and ensuing litigations, has sparked a debate around Secti...

Narcotic Control Bureau v/s KashifNarcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act), Government of India. Official text of NDPS Act available from Ministry of Law and Justice, Gov...

In the realm of legal proceedings, evidence serves as the cornerstone upon which the edifice of justice is constructed. Among the myriad forms of evidence, dying declarations occupy a unique an...

Nowadays you saw that rape cases in India is increasing day by day. So, the main question arises here is which act is considered as rape? What are the punishment for the accused? And the most i...

The rapid increase in loan disbursals, coupled with stringent banking regulations, has led to several cases where individuals procure loans based on false declarations and misrepresentations. S...

The Passports Act of 1967 regulates passport issuance in India, specifying grounds for denial, such as ongoing criminal proceedings. According to Section 6(2)(f), the passport authority can ref...

Homicide and culpable homicide are key concepts in criminal law which enable differentiation in the character and severity of an act. This paper is made to understand the finer differences in t...

Relevancy and admissibility are related but distinct legal concepts. While all admissible evidence must be relevant, not all relevant evidence is admissible. Relevancy is the logical connection...

India has the largest constitution in the world, and being the biggest constitution implies that our country has a diverse set of laws which adhere to the variety of complex or simple issues wh...

What is Bail?Black's Law Dictionary (4th edition) describes 'bail' as procuring "the release of a person from legal custody, by undertaking that he shall appear at the time and place desig...

The legal question of whether a woman can be held liable for gang rape under Section 376D of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) or its corresponding Section 70 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, ra...

This article provides a detailed overview of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, India's recently enacted legislation governing the admissibility of evidence in court proceedings. It explain...

The judgment in Lalita Kumari v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors., (2014) 2 SCC 1, occupies a seminal position in the annals of Indian jurisprudence. The verdict profoundly redefined the obligatio...

The case of State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal, reported in 1992 Supp (1) SCC 335, serves as a cornerstone in Indian jurisprudence, particularly concerning the misuse of criminal law. The Supreme C...

The landmark case of Joginder Kumar v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1994) 4 SCC 260 signifies a pivotal juncture in the evolution of constitutional jurisprudence concerning the rights of individuals...

The jurisprudence surrounding custodial violence and the protection of fundamental rights reached a seminal point in D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal, (1997) 1 SCC 416. This landmark judgment,...

When it comes to getting bail under Narcotics laws, the legal position is difficult for the accused NDPS laws is one of the most brutal statutes since its inception which aim at controlling dru...

The maxim falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus-"false in one thing, false in everything"-finds its origins in Roman law. While its premise suggests that any falsehood in a witness's testi...

According to Indian law, a witness is a person who provides his or her statement in court. Section 124; Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023; talks about competency of witness where it clearly lay...

The enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), heralds a paradigmatic shift in India's criminal justice system by replacing the Indian Penal Code, 1860. With a revamped nomenclature ...

Long Delay in Recording: An unexplained long delay in recording the statement of a material witness in a murder case (e.g., a delay of 10 days) will render their evidence unreliable.   ...

Examination of Witnesses by Police Any police officer conducting an investigation under this Chapter, or any police officer not below the rank prescribed by the State Government ...

Fratricide, a term steeped in etymological profundity, refers to the act of killing one's sibling. Though its tragic undertones evoke visceral emotions, fratricide poses complex legal questions...

Sociology is defined as the study of social organization and institutions & of collective behaviour and interactions, including the individual's relationship to the group. This definition i...

Criminal Trial and Investigation Investigation by Police Under Section 156(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), a Judicial Magistrate, who is competent to take cognizance under Se...

Rajasthan Victim Compensation Scheme, 2011In exercise of the powers conferred by section 357-A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Central Act No. 2 of 1974), the State Government hereby fra...

Indeed, the concept of digital evidence came in Indian court procedure after a sudden advancement of technology. Digital evidence refers to data stored, transmitted, or received by digital devi...

The connection between domestic laws, like the Narcotics Act, and international drug control treaties is pretty complex and constantly changing. Both aim to manage drug use and distribution whi...

The polygraph test, commonly known as a lie detector test, assesses physiological reactions to evaluate honesty and deception. Despite its extensive usage in criminal investigations and many ot...

The Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 was a colonial legislation enacted by the British government in India. This Act marked a significant and controversial point in the history of colonial India, re...

Victimology is the scientific study of victims and their experiences, particularly about crimes. It emerged as a distinct field in the mid-20th century, focusing on understanding the dynamics b...

As per section 69 of the Bhartiya Nhaya Sanhita Whoever by deceitful means or by making promise to marry a woman without any intention of fulfilling the same, and has sexual intercourse with he...

The Sedition law in India dates back to British era, where sedition law was incorporated a tool to crack down on the rebellions against the government. Sedition in layman terms means inciting p...

The principle that "bail is the rule, jail is the exception" is a cornerstone of the Indian legal framework, rooted in the constitutional guarantee of personal liberty. However, its a...

Misuse Of Section 85 Of BNS Indian penal code,1860 amended to Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 Section 498a of IPC which was added through 1983 amendment act, talked about the cruelty faced by wom...

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) brings significant changes to the procedures for anticipatory and regular bail, reflecting a modernization of India's criminal procedure code. Thes...

Rape, unlawful sexual activity, most often involving sexual intercourse, against the will of the victim through force or the threat of force or with an individual who is incapable of giving leg...

"Hate the crime, not the criminal" - Mahatma Gandhi Punishment & its Delivering methodology has always been a 'bone of contention' in Public Debate. Everyone advocates for the 'most apt pu...

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, introduces significant reforms in the Indian penal framework, including community service as an alternative punishment for specific first-time offenses....

Violence against women is the global issue. It destroys the dignity and nullifies human rights and fundamental freedoms of women. It is one of the most underreported crimes in the world. Domest...

In criminal justice system the concept of trinity is embodied in the Code of Criminal Procedure Code, Indian Penal Code and Indian Evidence Act. These three acts called as Criminal Major Acts. ...

"Whenever man commits a crime heaven finds a witness" - Edward G. Bulwer Introduction Witness plays a crucial role in the efficient delivery of justice and their role becomes additionally si...

Uncover the Role of Courts in Ensuring Justice: Explore the balance between convicting the guilty and protecting the innocent, the powers of Sections 311 CrPC and 165 Evidence Act, and how flawed i...

Section 69 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, makes it a crime to engage in sexual intercourse under false promises of marriage, thus offering legal protection to women against exploitation....

Arrest bring humiliation, curtail freedom, and casts scare forever. Arrest should not be made only because the offence committed is cognizable and bailable. There was drastic increase in a cas...

Criminal law is a branch of law that deals with actions or omissions that are considered offenses against public law and order. It governs the punishment of individuals or entities who commit c...

In Indian criminal law, Akala Narayana Swami v. Emperor (1939) is a significant case. The case is well-known for how it interpreted the idea of confession and whether or not it could be used as...

The death penalty is a controversial and emotional issue in India. The Indian penal Code provided for the use of the death penalty in case of murder, or rape. There is a big debate around the d...

Kidnapping and abduction: A Legal OverviewKidnapping and abduction are two serious criminal offenses that have profound legal implications. These crimes typically involve the unlawful taking and ...

In the case of Ulla v. State, the principle under Section 19 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the provisions of Section 403 of the Code were discussed. Section 118 of the Negotiable Instrumen...

When discussing the broad definition of rape, the Britannica Encyclopedia defines it as an illegal sexual activity, most frequently involving sexual relations, carried out against the will of t...

History: Before the case of Bachan Singh v State of Punjab, the Supreme court in the case of Jagmohan v State of U.P held that Right to Equality, Freedom of Speech and Expression and right t...

"Just a shameless thing for women and minor girls that, even their own family and known person did not support them in rape cases, why? She is your mother, she is your sister, she is your ...

In cases involving multiple offenses, the sentencing framework in Indian criminal jurisprudence balances punitive and rehabilitative objectives. This paper explores the doctrinal basis of sente...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of "Drug trafficking on Youth of India " ,the paper focuses on presenting and mitigating root causes and addresses the psychological , economi...

In the realm of forensic science, the development of synthetic or fabricated DNA poses significant challenges that bring forth concerns regarding the ethics and reliability of the justice syste...

This article compares the police custody provisions under Section 187 of BNSS 2023 and Section 167 of CrPC 1973, highlighting key changes introduced by the new law. Both sections govern how lon...

Research Questions: What is the basic meaning of forensic science? Why forensic science and criminal investigation system needs to be studied together? How forensic science developed in In...

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 repeals and replaces the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, modernizing India's criminal law to prioritize offenses and streamline penalties. The Bharatiya N...

Confession is a self-harming statement made by an accused acknowledging his guilt. It is the strongest evidence against the maker thereof but all confessions are not equally valuable. The admis...

This research explores the key theories of punishment—deterrent, retributive, preventive, reformative, and expiatory—analyzing their justifications, applications, and criticisms. Drawing fr...

This research paper delves into criminal psychology, beginning with the classification of crimes and defining criminal behavior. It explores the history and evolution of criminal psychology bot...

Restorative justice (RJ) is a new paradigm on how crime and justice can be dealt with. In the restorative approach towards crime and justice, the way that crime is processed changes from punish...

Computation of Period for Filing a Complaint:In a particular case, a cheque was presented for the second time but was returned unpaid. However, a legal notice for demand was not issued within thi...

This paper provides a detailed analysis of Sections 238 and 61(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), focusing on the implications of tampering with evidence or providing false informat...

The three new laws-the Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, and the Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 came into force on July 1, 2024. These laws replace the older ...

The presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle in criminal law that asserts an accused person is considered innocent until proven guilty. While it serves as a crucial protection for i...

Yes, it is possible for someone to sue a website for publishing false content about them, but there are several important factors to consider. Generally, these claims are based on defamation, w...

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) represents a pivotal legislative development in Indian law, serving as a comprehensive update to the Indian Evidence Act of 1872. This new Act modern...

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), marks a transformative shift in India's criminal law, replacing the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860. With this enactment, the BNS expands and refines In...

But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And we'll not fail. When Duncan is asleep – Whereto the rather shall his day's hard journey Soundly invite him – his two chamberlains Will I wi...

Remarrying before obtaining a divorce can lead to several legal consequences, and these vary based on the laws of the jurisdiction in which you reside. Here's an overview of the potential conse...

While DNA evidence has revolutionized criminal investigations, its presence in legal cases becomes problematic when the DNA of non-accused individuals is detected at crime scenes. This essay ex...

The recent Supreme Court decision in Dr. SN Kundra v. Union of India addresses a significant challenge to the constitutionality of certain provisions under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BN...

Reference And RevisionThe term "interlocutory order" was explained in light of the Apex Court's verdict in Amarnath v. State of Haryana. The term "interlocutory order" in Se...

Section 64A of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act of 1985 provides immunity from prosecution for drug users charged under Section 27 or involved in minor drug offences, a...

The Indian judiciary has intermittently granted parole and furlough to Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh, a high-profile convict serving a sentence for various serious crimes. Over the last four years, h...

In general, eyewitnesses have a significant impact on the final result of a charged. Because it is the duty of the eyewitness to come forward with the clear and the unclouded truth about the ha...

Honour killing, a heinous crime rooted in patriarchal mindsets and social stigmas, is a grave violation of fundamental human rights. In India, honour killings often occur when individuals defy ...

Brief Facts: This case comes under the ambit of Joint liability. It is one of the landmark cases that explains the principle of joint liability. Allahdad, the deceased, along with some people ...

Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) deals with the offense of "dowry death." It states that if a woman dies within seven years of marriage and it is established that she was s...

The prolonged detention of undertrial prisoners is the major concern in the Indian criminal justice system. Undertrial prisoner is defined as "a person who has been committed to judicial custod...

The concept of abetment in Indian criminal law, particularly under Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and its counterpart, Section 108 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, presents a ...

"In India, there is no legislation as such that defines an 'economic offence". Economic offences encompass all crimes which occur during the course of any economic or business activity....

"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere"- Martin Luther King When an individual has committed an unlawful act and faces consequences as a result, it is a manifestation of justice...

Honour killing in a very simple term means the killing of a person by family members who believe that the victim's activities have brought disgrace or dishonour upon the family is known as &quo...

In India, if a party wishes to challenge an order made by a lower court before escalating the matter to a higher court, there is a specific legal process to follow. The steps you need to take ge...

The criminal procedure (identification) act came into force in August, 2022, a contentious law that permits and provides legal sanctions to police officers, prison officers, and enforcing agenc...

This critical analysis investigates the dependability of firearms expert reports, which are admissible in evidence under Section 39(1) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, in criminal inve...

The distinction between direct and circumstantial evidence is fundamental in the field of law, particularly in criminal trials. Understanding these types of evidence is crucial as they play dif...

Under Trial Prisoners (UTPs), who account for approximately 75-80% of India's prison population, face prolonged periods of detention largely due to systemic delays within the judicial framework...

Fingerprint evidence has long been seen as a cornerstone of forensic science, valued for its unique traits and reliability. However, some wrongful conviction cases reveal significant flaws in h...

The word probation is a Latin word which is originated from the word probatus which means to prove or test. Probation is an alteration service method which evolved from the criminologists and l...

The newly introduced Section 187 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 has replaced Section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, concerning the permissible perio...

Human trafficking refers to the practice of illegally transporting people from one country to another for forced labor or sexual exploitation. It is a serious crime that violates human rights a...

The recent unfortunate incidents of suicide at workplaces, coerces one to discuss the reasons of such mishaps and to what extent the workplace ecosystem is to be blamed. This article delves int...

Victimology, the study of victims and their place in the criminal justice system, has had a big impact on how sentencing guidelines have changed over time in different legal systems. Sentencing...

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) consolidates and codifies the laws related to general exceptions, including protections provided for judicial acts. These exceptions are outlined to ensu...

The concept of "mistake" as a defense in criminal law is based on the principle that a person should not be held criminally liable for actions taken under a genuine and reasonable mis...

Public opinion significantly influences sentencing policies in democratic societies, especially in India, where debates around harsh punishments for heinous crimes, including life imprisonment t...

While legal remedies are available in the Indian Legal System pertaining to Civil and Criminal matters, the law also specifies the timeline within which, the remedies could be availed by the li...

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, introduces General Exceptions that provide legal protection in specific situations where an individual may otherwise face criminal liability. These exce...

Theories of PunishmentIn criminal law, the concept of punishment serves multiple purposes, depending on the nature of the crime and societal goals. Theories of punishment help legal systems det...

The judgment in DK Basu vs. State of West Bengal (1997), reported as (1997) 1 SCC 416, stands as a watershed moment in Indian constitutional jurisprudence. The Supreme Court's decision, prompted ...

Sections 5 to 16 set the stage for the admissibility of evidence by outlining which facts are relevant. These sections are designed to help courts decide cases efficiently by admitting only tho...

Child custody is an important and frequently delicate topic that may come up after a divorce or separation. Parents may have heated debates and conflicts about it, with each side trying to prot...

Parole plays a vital role in the rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners, offering them an opportunity to reconnect with society while still serving their sentences. It is a conditional r...

The principle of relevance is fundamental to the law of evidence, serving as a guiding light in determining what information can be presented in a court of law. Under the Indian Evidence Act, 1...

Postmortem reports play a vital role in forensic pathology, providing essential information about the causes of death needed for legal investigations. However, several factors undermine the qua...

DNA evidence is widely regarded as the "gold standard" in forensic science because of its capacity to accurately identify individuals and exonerate the innocent. However, several fact...

Shayara Bano v/s Union Of India Background of the Case The Petitioner and the petitioner-husband were married on 11 April 2001 under Sharia (Islamic law). They have two children, a son and a dau...

Modern methods of criminal investigation have evolved significantly, integrating technology, advanced forensic techniques, and strategies thinking processes. This article explores these contemp...

The heinous crime of rape poses a critical challenge to the legal and moral fabric of society, necessitating robust legislative measures and judicial interpretations to safeguard the dignity an...

Rape, a grave infringement of individual liberty, dignity, and bodily integrity, is one of the most morally reprehensible crimes recognized in modern jurisprudence. Indian legal provisions deal...

The BNS (Bureau of National Statistics) and the IPC (International Planning Committee) serve different roles and functions within the realms of national statistics and international planning. Here'...

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 was enacted on December 25, 2023, to supplant the Indian Penal Code of 1860, marking a significant reform in India's criminal justice system. This legislation,...

This study highlights the vital function of police officers involved in criminal investigations in maintaining the integrity of Indian society through effective law enforcement and fair justice...

The safety of high-profile individuals is a global priority. This article delves into the complex world of VIP security, examining the critical role and shortcomings of the Special Protection G...

Prisoners' rights in India have evolved significantly through constitutional guarantees, legislative provisions, and judicial interventions. While being imprisoned due to the commission of an o...

Bone ossification or osteogenesis signifies the process of bone formation which serves as a tool for age determination based on the degree of bone fusion. It analyses our skeletal and biologica...

The Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 (COFEPOSA)was enacted by the Indian government as a preventive measure to protect the country's economic st...

Introduction of the three new criminal laws is one the landmarks in the criminal justice system. The laws aim to eradicate the remains of colonial mindset from our system which is evident by re...

Section 504 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), akin to Section 352 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), encapsulates the offence of intentional insult with the intent to provoke a breach of peace...

The offense of fraudulently marking a false mark upon a package or receptacle containing goods has deep legal and societal ramifications, safeguarding the veracity of commerce and consumer prot...

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) the first step towards decolonization. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) represents the departure from its antecedent act Indian penal code (IPC), and venture into...

Prologue: Anticipatory bail, AKA "pre-arrest bail" is a statutory provision that enables a person with a reasonable apprehension of fear that such person could be arrested, based on an FIR whi...

Group liability is a principle that holds multiple individuals involved in a criminal act accountable, regardless of the individual roles they play. In criminal law, this ensures that people wh...

In criminal law, punishment serves as a deterrent, a means of justice, and a way to reform offenders. Chapter II of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) outlines different kinds of punishmen...

Criminal psychology combines psychology, criminology, and law to understand why people commit crimes. It became important in the mid-1900s when psychologists started studying offender's backgro...

Death penalty which has been regarded as the strongest deterrent measure has always been regarded as a just response to worst criminals. Its supporters claim it is used to shield society by mak...

A legal process in which someone who has been accused of a crime is allowed to admit to being guilty of a less serious crime, in order to avoid a trial, is referred to as the system of Plea Bar...

Section 3 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: General ExplanationsSection 3 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 provides general explanations regarding how the entire law should be interpreted...

Section 1 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Territorial Extent, Applicability and OperationsSection 1 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) deals with the short title, commencement, ap...

Types of Punishment under Section 4 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 Section 4 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 provides a comprehensive list of punishments that can be imp...

The prevention of crime is a multifaceted approach that integrates various strategies to deter criminal behavior and enhance community safety. Effective crime prevention emphasizes the importan...

Section 110 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), 1973, represents a crucial yet contentious provision within the Indian legal system. It empowers Magistrates to take preventive action against...

As a basic principle of criminal law, common intention is crucial for determining joint criminal liability. The concept of a common goal is thoroughly examined in this article, which also looks...

As a new significant legal right of the digital era, the Right to be Forgotten (RTBF) is largely shaped by the primary impetus in Europe emanating from General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)...

Statutory rape is a crucial legal issue that raises challenging questions about consent, age, and societal norms. This paper investigates the definition, legal frameworks, and social implicatio...

A mere cheque bounce can attract criminal proceedings as under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. The person in whose favour the cheque was drawn files a complaint against the...

The legal treatment of confessions made by co-accused individuals has been a subject of judicial scrutiny in India. The law governing confessions is nuanced, balancing the rights of the accused...

This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the doctrine of res gestae, a pivotal legal principle under Section 6 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, and Section 4 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Ad...

This article delves into the definition and implications of the term "appropriate government" as elucidated in Section 55(A) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and its counterpart in the ...

The legal concept of "good faith" plays a crucial role in determining the culpability and intent behind a person's actions. Both Section 52 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Section 2(11) of t...

The doctrine of common intention plays a pivotal role in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) under Section 34, as well as under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) Section 3(5). This article delves into ...

Injury, as defined under Section 44 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Section 2(14) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), plays a fundamental role in criminal jurisprudence by encompassing har...

Punishments form the bedrock of any criminal justice system, reflecting the state's response to crimes committed within its jurisdiction. Section 53 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and its moder...

The concept of "harbouring" as defined under Section 52(A) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Section 2(13) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, is an integral part of India's ...

The research paper explores the motives that drive a person to commit rape and how this heinous act affects the victim's physical, mental and emotional health as well as its greater social impa...

Test Identification Parade can be a useful method within an investigation and with due process is often accepted as evidence or as confirmation within a court of law. The primary goal is to ver...

Protest PetitionIn an age where police or prosecution are not capable of protecting all the interests of victim, the remedies like the protest petition empowers the common man to quest for real...

India is a country which consist of large number of crime and criminals. In India all punishments are based on the motive to give penalty to the wrongdoer. There are two main reasons for imposi...

Wound Certificate:The wound certificate is a copy of the entries in the accident register and the opinion of the doctor regarding the nature of the injuries and their probable cause. It is admi...

In law and justice, offering an alternative to traditional punishment through probation stands as a beacon of hope and rehabilitation for offenders. Probation, in simple terms, is like a second...

DNA profiling, also known as genetic fingerprinting or DNA testing, has transformed forensic science and is now a critical tool in criminal investigations worldwide. In India, where criminal ju...

After the legislature, executive, and judiciary, the media is widely regarded as the "fourth pillar of democracy." It is critical in raising awareness and changing people's perspectives in soci...

With the increasing use of computers in society, cybercrime has become a major issue. The advancement of technology has made man dependent on the internet for all his needs. The Internet has gi...

Delay in FIR:There is no dispute with regard to the legal proposition in case the accused is able to indicate from the evidence on the record that the recording of the FIR has been delayed or t...

Death as a result of carelessness involuntary manslaughter is a criminal violation that happens when someone causes the death of another person without intending to kill them via ignorance or c...

"A father may have a recalcitrant son, but if the house is demolished on this ground...this is not the way to go about it" Justice Viswanathan of SC in the judgement of Jamiat Ulama I...

This research article undertakes a comparative analysis of the evolution of legal protection for women in India, focusing on offenses against women as defined in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and...

The great political philosopher Bolingbroke said: "Liberty is to the collective body; what health is to every individual body. Without health no pleasure can be tasted by man; without Liberty, n...

In criminal law, both the discharge of an accused and the quashing of an FIR serve as mechanisms to avoid wrongful prosecution. While discharge occurs at the trial stage when charges are being ...

Introduction Encounters, a term commonly used to describe the killing of alleged criminals by law enforcement officers, have been a subject of significant debate in India. While such actions a...

Community Service as a Type of Punishment is Introduced Under Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023.However, Community service as a concept is inculcated in The Auspicious Land. In Sanatana Dharma, it is...

Corruption in India continues to hinder governance and economic progress. This paper analyses key legislative and institutional efforts to combat corruption, focusing on the Prevention of Corru...

India's legal landscape has undergone significant reforms with the introduction of three key legal codes: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023, and...

In numerous nations, including India, corruption is still a chronic and pervasive issue. India, the largest democracy in the world and one of the fastest-growing economies, faces serious challe...

Female Foeticide: Female foeticide is the practice of determining the gender of a fetus and aborting the fetus if it is a girl. Despite being illegal, many people continue to do so. In addition...

New Delhi, September 18, 2024 : The Supreme Court of India acquitted two appellants, Saheb s/o Maroti Bhumre and Sitaram Pandurang Gabare , of charges of murder and rioting under Sections 148, ...

A Significant Feature of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) The BNSS, India's new criminal law code, introduces a groundbreaking concept: the Zero FIR. This feature is designed to str...

"A law is valuable not because it is law, but because there is right in it." Caste system, an inalienable feature of India's identity, although devised for a higher objective as to categorise ...

This research paper explores the integration of criminology, penology, and victimology in the Indian context, focusing on their interrelated roles within the criminal justice system. Criminolog...

In India, the concept of punishments has been prescribed and enshrined in ancient mythological texts and artefacts like the Mahabharat, Vishnu Puran, Ramayana, and Durga Saptshti, as well as in...

It is incompatible with the right to life and the freedom from torture and cruel, barbaric, or degrading treatment or punishment to apply the death sentence. There's a growing consensus to abol...

Acid attacks is one of the most horrific kinds of gender-based violence that leave their victims with lifelong physical, psychological, and social scars. Every year, thousands of cases are repo...

"Criminals should be treated as patients in hospitals, and jails should be hospitals admitting such patients for treatment and cure. The outlook of the jail staff should be that of physicians...

It is rightly stated by experts associated with various fields and by various sociologists who took birth on this globe that everything which is a boon for us, is sometimes bane in another mann...

It is not merely a matter of the provisions of law as contained in sections 145 and 157 of the Evidence Act or the proviso to subsection (1) of section 162 of the CrPC; the question posed is of...

The failure of the respondents to cross examine solitary witness or confront him with their version, despite adequate opportunity must lead to an inference of tacit admission on their part. T...

Mr. Inderjit Singh Grewal (hereinafter referred as 'Appellant') was legally married to Amandeep Kaur (hereinafter referred as 'Respondent 2') on September 23,1998 at Jalandhar as per Sikh ritua...

This case is considered to be a noteworthy case as well as a landmark judgement due to the Supreme Court of India's ruling which makes a marriage to be considered void should a man get into a s...

The rule does not state that if a petition is not subsequently filed by the plaintiff for permission to be examined as a witness, the Court has the power to entertain or allow such a prayer. If...

The Supreme Court's judgement in the case of Mithu Singh v. State of Punjab[1] is that Section 303 of the IPC [2]is unconstitutional and arbitrary. The Court deleted Section 303 and said that a...

Laws regarding carrying a weapon in IndiaIn a country as diverse and populous as India, the regulation of firearms and weapons is a matter of critical importance. With safety concerns and the nee...

Production of Document: A person may be summoned to produce a document under Order XVI, Rule 6 of the CPC, and Section 162 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. It is thus evident that, firstly, ...

Brief Facts: In this case, the Kerala High Court dealt with an incident involving a police officer, Raneesh V. R., who verbally abused and threatened a lawyer, Aqib Sohail P. S., during a lega...

Brief Facts: Arnesh Kumar, the petitioner, was implicated in a criminal case under Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) (section 85 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita(BNS),2023)and Section ...

Panch Witness is Not an Independent WitnessThe panch witness is not an independent witness. He displayed a partisan attitude towards the police, was under their influence, and therefore signed th...

The general rule is that the accused must answer questions by being personally present in court. Only in exceptional circumstances can this rule be departed from or dispensed with, as held in K...

Election-related offences include bribery, exerting improper influence, impersonating voters, inciting animosity between groups, spreading misleading information to manipulate election outcomes...

A core principle of the Indian criminal justice system is that the accused must be present throughout the criminal trial.[2] The idea of an ex-parte trial is foreign to Indian law and contradic...

A plain reading of sections 76[1] and 79[2] in the Indian Penal Code, 1860, with special attention to the words 'who by reason of a mistake of fact and not by reason of a mistake of law in good...

Criminal justice systems worldwide are remarkably diverse, reflecting the many cultural, historical, and socioeconomic circumstances in which they have evolved. Despite their variations, many o...

The right to vote is a core element of democracy, allowing individuals to engage in governance. Nevertheless, marginalized communities, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds and minor...

Classical school of thought that originated during the Enlightenment transformed the approach to the crime and punishment based on rationality of actors, their free will and the concept of dete...

In criminal proceedings, a test identification parade is a method frequently used to identify the accused in a court of law. Witnesses are essential to this process since it is their job to ide...

Abstract of the Case This case analysis is about hanging of one of the accused in 1993 in Mumbai serial blasts. It mainly focuses on the basic concept of Criminal Conspiracy mentioned under Se...

The term 'Interpretation' originates from the Latin word 'interpretari', which denotes the act of explaining, expounding, understanding, or translating. In the legal context, interpretation ref...

The role of surety in the criminal justice system is pivotal, as it ensures that individuals released on bail adhere to the conditions imposed by the court. Recent judicial developments have cl...

Vexatious litigation refers to legal proceedings initiated with malicious intent and lacking reasonable justification, typically aimed at harassing or undermining an opponent. This type of liti...

The dual mindset of Indians toward women is the most hypocritical thing ever. On the one hand, we have given women, the status of devi, the symbol of power and courage. And, on the other we bla...

This case that deals with this fundamental right of freedom of religion is Shriniwas Rav Nayak vs State of UP, 2024 which defines the limit of the right to propagate as opposed to the right to co...

Crimes that are subject to the death penalty encompass a range of serious offences, typically including heinous acts such as murder, particularly in cases of aggravated or premeditated killing,...

The Justice Verma Committee Report, released in 2013, represents a pivotal moment in India's legal landscape, particularly in the context of laws related to sexual violence. Triggered by the ho...

A miscarriage refers to the unintentional end of a pregnancy before the 20th week, frequently linked to chromosomal anomalies, though it can also stem from various factors such as health compli...

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) serves as the official criminal code for the Republic of India, marking a significant update to the country's legal framework. This new code officially t...

The offense of a 'Terrorist Act' is now explicitly defined as a distinct criminal offense under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS). This definition encompasses actions that threaten India's unit...

An accused shall be discharged after all the evidence referred to in Section 269 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, has been taken. If, after considering all the evidence referred...

The criminal justice system is rooted in the principle that justice must not only be done but also be seen to be done. The presence of the accused and witnesses during a criminal trial is pivot...

DK Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) is a landmark case that has laid down guidelines for the police officers at the time of conducting the arrest of a person and when the person is under the...

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), has been introduced as a replacement for the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) of 1973, signifying a major reform in India’s criminal justi...

It is a cardinal principle of statutory interpretation, as observed by the Supreme Court in the case of Shri Ram v. State of Maharashtra, that where the language of an Act is clear and explicit...

In State of Rajasthan v. Rajaram, it has been held in paragraph 16 as follows: A reference may be made to a later decision in Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra. There, while deal...

Nirbhaya Case: History and PresentThe Nirbhaya case is a landmark moment in India's legal and social history, symbolizing the country's struggle against gender-based violence and the demand for...

The question of how to appropriately punish first-time offenders is a critical issue in criminal justice, balancing the need for deterrence with the principles of rehabilitation and fairness. T...

The legal scenario in India is at the crossroads of a monumental change with the coming into being of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS). It is hoped that this new criminal code will serve as a m...

Substantive Section 498A of the IPC and presumptive Section 113B of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, were inserted into the respective statutes by the Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act, 1983, a...

The object of a criminal trial is to mete out justice, convict the guilty, and protect the innocent. Therefore, the trial should be a search for the truth, not about overemphasis on technicalit...

Cognizable and Non-Cognizable Offences Cognizable Offences: Definition and Legal Provisions: Cognizable offences are defined under Section 2(c) of the Code of Criminal...

It is widely believed that those with mental illnesses are more likely to commit violent and aggressive acts. The link between criminal behavior and mental health has long been a source of disc...

Facts Of The Case: In this case, the appellants and one other person faced trial for the alleged commission of an offense punishable under Section 20 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Sub...

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam Bill, 2023, was passed by the parliament on 21 December, 2023, and received presidential assent on December 25, 2023. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam came into f...

The case of Arjun Panditrao Khotkar v. Kailash Kushanrao Gorantyal (2020) stands as a landmark ruling from the Supreme Court of India that profoundly influenced the admissibility of electronic ...

The principle that "bail is the rule, not jail" is a cornerstone of criminal jurisprudence, reflecting the fundamental rights of personal liberty and the presumption of innocence. In ...

Cannabis is a plant containing delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the compound responsible for its psychoactive effects, which induce the "high" experienced upon consumption. Not all component...

The Essential Services Maintenance Act (ESMA) of 1981 is a pivotal law in India aimed at guaranteeing the seamless provision of essential services that are vital for public welfare and the effe...

The Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH) Act was introduced in 2013 to combat the rising number of sexual harassment incidents being reported by women within their places of employment. This ...

Section 183 BNSS deals with the recording of confessions of an accused person and statements of an accused person or a victim of rape or gang rape or acid attack etc. made to a Judicial Magistr...

The omission to frame a charge, the absence of a charge, or an error in the charge itself cannot vitiate the trial. The apex court, in State v. Thakkidiram (AIR 1998 SC 2702), explained the und...

The phrase "The best way to keep a prisoner from escaping is to make sure he never knows he's in prison" conveys a significant notion regarding control, perception, and the essence of...

Section 433 of the CrPC pertains to the power of the government to commute a sentence without the consent of the person sentenced. When the appropriate government commutes a sentence, it does ...

A mercy petition is a formal appeal submitted by individuals facing death sentences or imprisonment, requesting clemency from the President or Governor, depending on the jurisdiction. This prac...

Secondary evidence pertains to duplicates or alternatives of original documents that are not accessible. This encompasses certified copies, photocopies, and verbal descriptions of document info...

Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act (IEA) was a significant amendment to the historic Indian Evidence Act of 1872, introduced following the Information Technology Act 2000, which came into e...

A summons is an official legal document issued by a Court that informs an individual or organization about a legal action or proceeding that concerns them. It generally contains details about t...

The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) serves as a crucial procedural law governing the administration of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC). It outlines the processes for investigation, ar...

Although filing of awards in courts is no longer required under the 1996 Act, these cases may help determine the award under section 36. In Bijoy Das v UOI (1993) Arb LR 142, it was established ...

According to Section 57 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, Primary Evidence consists of original documents or materials that are directly submitted in court. Section 62 of the Indian Evi...

The need for awarding compensation has been considered by Justice Shetty in the case of Hari Singh v. Sukhbir Singh (1984) 4 SCC 551. Although subsection (3) should be exercised liberally, the ...

Section 2(1) (e) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 corresponds to Section 3 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.Under the new definition of "evidence" in Section 2(1) (e) of the Bharatiya S...

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) Act, 2012, represents a landmark advancement in India's legal framework for protecting children from sexual abuse and exploitation. Desig...

This research paper will examine the complex issue of marital rape in India while highlighting the legal, social and cultural aspects contributing to the decriminalized status of marital rape i...

It is undoubtedly true that Section 147 of the Negotiable Instrument Act renders an offense under Section 138 of the same Act compoundable. However, to make an offense compoundable, the mode an...

As per Section 2(d) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the term "document" refers to any matter that is expressed, described, or otherwise recorded on any material using letter...

Section 1 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 aligns with Section 1 of the previously repealed Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023-Section 1: This legislation s...

Settlements or compromises should never be entertained in cases involving heinous offenses like attempted murder, murder, rape, and dacoity. These crimes are not just against the victim but als...

Is perjury a crime in India?If yes, how many people are prosecuted for perjury, especially women? Why isn't perjury considered as a serious crime in India? How many people were prosecuted for p...

At the intersection of International Trade and Criminal Law emerges a complex and dynamic environment that poses significant legal challenges and thus emerges several opportunities for policy d...

A case of dacoity was committed at the residence of Ram Gopal, and two constables were sent to protect his family members and his property. However, Ram Gopal himself has not been examined, whi...

Any person can report a crime, regardless of where it happened, at any police station by using a Zero FIR. This clause guarantees that the police station will promptly register the FIR and forw...

Section 354 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) is of paramount significance for upholding the dignity and reputation of women in the society, aiming to prevent by punishing acts of assault or...

India's children are its future generation, so they are protected by a multitude of laws, either legally or implicitly. The primary goal of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act, ...

Facts Of The Case: A civil litigation was going on between Walaiti Ram and Narinder Singh over a plot of land. Walaiti Ram had obtained possession of the land before the incident in question...

Contradiction means the setting of one statement against another and not the setting up of a statement against nothing. As noted in Tahstidar Singh vs. State of U.P. AIR 1959 SC 1012, all omiss...

Summary trials, as outlined in Sections 283 to 288 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), are structured to provide a brief and expedited trial process for specific categories of off...

The three new criminal laws, the "Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita," the "Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita," and the "Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam," have replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC), the Code of Cr...

Supreme court rejects bail : Sisodia's liquor case or excise case. The apex court recently rejected the bail application of the leader of aam aadmi party manish Sisodia on Delhi liquor case. Pr...

In an era where societal dynamics and technological advancements constantly reshape our world, India takes a bold step towards modernizing its criminal justice system. The Bhartatiya Nyaya Sanh...

The inherent jurisdiction of Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) can be exercised to quash proceedings in an appropriate case, either to prevent the abuse of the court process ...

After the emergence of the Internet, we are living in a digital era which is considered a boon for humanity. By positively using the internet, we can make our lives easier and happier. In the d...

In a notable advancement, the term 'terrorist act' has been formally criminalized within the general criminal statute Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, thereby broadening the legal framework addre...

Drug dealing with India stays a huge test, presenting dangers to general wellbeing, security, and social dependability. The nation fills in as both an objective and a travel guide for different...

"In the era of digital transformation, the interplay between law and technology can result in better crime detection and also ensure criminal justice reform". Chief Justice Chandrachud The I...

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) has taken the place of the Criminal Procedure Code of 1973 with effect from 1st July, 2024, with the registration of a cognizable offence now...

An Accomplice is a person who is a guilty associate in a crime. In general sense he can be understood as a person who participates in the crime voluntarily and knowingly and assists the accused...

Any young man, who makes dowry a condition to marriage, discredits his education and his country and dishonours womanhood. -- Mahatma Gandhi. The dowry is basically a practise which was relev...

A telephonic information received at the police station need not, in all circumstances, be deemed to be the First Information. When no formal investigation is commenced upon such information, i...

The BNS has introduced Section 353, an essential measure in the battle against misinformation. This new provision penalizes the deliberate creation, distribution, or publication of inaccurate i...

The concept of 'Rape' as an offence was first introduced in the Indian Penal Code of 1860 drafted by Lord Macaulay. With the evolving time, there has been seen some shifts in the definition of ...

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) came into effect on July 1st, 2024, replacing the Indian Penal Code 1860 (IPC). When the law was first introduced to the public in 2023, several concerning iss...

The holding of a test identification process is as much in the interest of the investigation agency or the prosecution as it is in the interest of the suspect or the accused. For a while, it en...

The Criminal Procedure Code of 1973 (CrPC) has now been replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS). Forensic investigations are required by BNSS for offenses carrying a min...

Together with the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS) and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), the colonial-era Indian Evidence Act of 1872 has been replaced by the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (...

RevisionRevision is the process of examination of an order of a lower court by a higher court, so as to rectify any improper exercise of judicial power. The precise purpose of revision is to e...

Section 313 of the CrPC prescribes a procedural safeguard for an accused facing trial, granting them the opportunity to explain the facts and circumstances appearing against them in the prosecu...

A proper sentence is a composite of many factors, including the nature of the offense, the extenuating or aggravating circumstances related to the offense, the prior criminal record (if any) of...

When a person in official custody of prison passes away, it is called death in prison. The death may be natural or unnatural and caused inside the prisoner or outside in hospital or during tran...

Meaning: The word lynching originated in the mid-18th century in the United States. The term was used by planter chalets. Mob lynching refers to the killing of someone based on an allegation Wi...

whatisfirchThe dynamic nature of India's criminal justice system demands that its procedural guidelines be updated on a regular basis to guarantee prompt, equitable, and accessible justice. In ...

A witness is typically someone who testifies during a court investigation or trial. A witness is someone who is intended to be familiar with the case's facts and circumstances. The phrase "...

The High Court may transfer any matter from one Court that is subordinate to it to another on any of the grounds listed in section 526 of the Criminal Procedure Code. All sorts of cases are cov...

In some cases, evidence unerringly proves the participation of all accused persons when their number exceeds one in the commission of an offense. However, this evidence may fail to indicate the...

Section 40 of The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) addresses the arrest by private individuals and the related procedures. A private individual may arrest or arrange for the arre...

The State Government according to Section 20 (1) of the BNSS has the authority to establish: A Directorate of Prosecution within the State, comprising a Director of Prosecution and an appropri...

This legal analysis delves into the seminal Supreme Court case, K.N. Mehra v. State of Rajasthan, which dealt with the intricate nuances of the offence of theft under Section 379 of the Indian ...

This article delves into the nuanced judicial interpretations in the landmark cases of Satbir Singh v. State of Haryana [(2021) 6 SCC 1] and Gurmeet Singh v. State of Punjab [(2021) 6 SCC 108]....

The landmark judgment of Joseph Shine v. Union of India, AIR (2019) 3 SCC 39, heralds a transformative epoch in the annals of Indian jurisprudence. The Supreme Court’s abrogation of Section 4...

This scholarly article delves into the landmark case of McNaughten's Case (8 ER 718, Vol. 8), pivotal in shaping the legal doctrines surrounding the insanity defense. By exploring the nuanced c...

This legal analysis delves into the landmark judgment in Mahboob Shah v. Emperor [AIR 1945 PC 118], which elucidated the principle of common intention under Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code ...

The jurisprudence surrounding the imposition of the death penalty in India underwent a significant transformation with the Supreme Court's judgment in Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab [AIR 1980 ...

This paper examines the jurisprudence of bail in India, highlighting its historical evolution, statutory framework, key judicial interpretations, and the socio-economic challenges associated wi...

Although the term "appeal" is used in both the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Code of Civil Procedure, as well as in many other statutes, it has not been explicitly defined anywhere. Generally,...

This research paper explores the evolution and significance of anticipatory bail in Indian jurisprudence. The paper further examines various landmark judgements pronounced by the Hon'ble Suprem...

In a case where a judgment of conviction has been awarded, the court can release a person on bail, considering not only the nature of the offense but also other relevant factors, including its ...

The Indian Penal Code, 1860 recognizes the right to private defense under General Exceptions in the final 11 sections of Chapter IV, beginning with Section 96 and ending with Section 106. While...

Prospective overruling is now well settled and widely accepted as part of constitutional interpretation. It can be invoked by the Supreme Court when succeeding the law declared by it earlier. T...

The privilege and duty of answering questions under Section 313 cannot be delegated to a pleader. However, the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2008 (Act of 5, 2009) has introduced ...

Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) prescribes a procedural safeguard for an accused facing trial, granting them an opportunity to explain the facts and circumstances presented...

The long controversial section 377, which had declared homosexual acts to be intercourse against the order of nature with any man or woman, had also included the category of acts which go again...

The question in Section 313(1)(b) is mandatory. It imposes a heavy duty upon the court to exercise greater care in ensuring that the incriminating circumstances are put to the accused and that ...

Protecting children from sexual offences and establishing a juvenile-focused legal system were the main goals of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO). Article 15 of...

Section 51 (1) of the BNSS (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023) pertains to the examination of an accused individual by a medical practitioner upon the request of a police officer. It ...

Plea bargaining is a legal process where an accused individual in a criminal case consent to plead guilty to a lesser charge or accepts a reduced sentence in return for certain concessions from...

Brief Facts The case involves Parvez Vaid and Faiz Bhiwandiwala, who were booked for alleged links with the D-Company (underworld gangster Dawood Ibrahim's criminal organization) and for their...

Case Analysis: Sabitri Samantaray V. State Of Odisha (2022 LiveLaw (SC) 503) Bench: Hon'ble Chief Justice N.V. Ramana Hon'ble Justice ...

Law changes with the changing society. IPC, CrPC and Evidence are the foundation of Indian judicial system. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) and Bharatiya Nagari...

Malicious prosecution, arising from initiating legal action without probable cause and malicious intent, involves the wrongful abuse of legal processes. This grave accusation signifies the infl...

The new laws infringe upon fundamental rights and undermine the constitutional guarantees that have long been the cornerstone of our criminal justice system. In this column, I will expose the ...

Recovery occurred long after the arrest of the accused. The bloodstains on the article had already disintegrated, making it impossible to determine whether they were human blood or not. The dec...

It appears from circumstantial evidence in the present case that the accused-appellant, also in common with his accused brother, nursed a grudge against the deceased. The time chosen for the as...

Under Section 180 (1) BNSS (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita), during an investigation of a case, any police officer or, upon their request, any police officer of a rank specified by the Stat...

Within the framework of criminal law, justification and excuse serve as benchmarks for both dictating and prohibiting behavior in general and determining guilt or innocence in a given instance....

A person who is mentally ill is considered incapable of having the requisite mens rea to commit a crime, so mental illness provides a complete defense against any criminal prosecution. A person...

The case of Charan Singh @Charanjith Singh v. State of Uttarakhand underscores the critical issue of dowry deaths in India. This article provides a detailed analysis of the case, examining the ...

The legal mechanism of interim bail stands as a vital procedural relief within the criminal justice system of India. This article provides a detailed analysis of interim bail in the context of ...

Have you ever wondered how some laws that were meant to protect can be misused? These heinous crimes hit the climax in the December 16-2012 Nirbhaya case and were followed by legal amendments t...

Each circumstance relied upon by the prosecution must be established by cogent, succinct, and reliable evidence. The circumstances must be of an incriminating character. All the proved circumst...

The case of Mithu v. State of Punjab, decided by the Supreme Court of India in 1983, stands as a seminal moment in Indian jurisprudence, particularly concerning the interpretation of fundamental ri...

IntroductionCriminal justice reform is a critical aspect of societal development, aiming to address systemic flaws, enhance fairness, and promote justice. Over the past few decades, numerous innova...

There is no embargo on the appellate court reviewing the evidence upon which an order of acquittal is based. The High Court in appeal has full power under Section 417 of the Code of Criminal Pr...

Bail provisions are contained in Sections 478 to 496 in the BNSS, 2023. In CrPC, these were enshrined in Sections 436 to 450 CrPC. Bail, Bail Bond and Bond have been defined in the BNSS:In S...

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) the main criminal code of India, has recently been replaced by a new code called the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) on July 1, 2024. The IPC was a comprehensive code...

Anticipatory bail is a legal recourse sought before an arrest, primarily acting as a pre-arrest bail. Individuals often apply for this when they fear an imminent arrest based on false or fabric...

Federalism blends geographical variety with national cohesion. The balance between these two concepts is reflected in the various forms of federalism, the division of responsibilities, and the ...

When providing testimony, the basic rule is that the witness should be actively involved in the topic of the testimony and should not vouch for the experiences of other people. Under some condi...

According to Section 187 (3) of the BNSS, a Magistrate cannot detain an accused in custody under this provision for a total period exceeding: Ninety days for offenses punishable by death, lif...

According to Section 2(1)(b) of the BNSS, 'bail' refers to the release of an individual accused or suspected of committing an offense from legal custody. This release is conditional upon the in...

Human trafficking is a severe violation of human rights, resembling the historical horrors of slavery but manifesting in new forms. It entails using force, compulsion, fraud, or deceit to rec...

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned execution of a person as a punishment for a crime. Typically, this involves putting a convicted criminal to death as...

Criminal law generally adheres to the principle of proportionality in prescribing liability according to the culpability of each type of criminal conduct. It ordinarily allows significant discr...

The purpose underlying the sentence in criminal law is to punish the offender. A savage sentence is anathema to the civilized jurisprudence of Article 21. The correlation between crime and puni...

In Pickard v. Sears, the machinery's mortgagee allowed it to stay in the mortgagor's possession, and a judgment was obtained against them. The equipment was confiscated during execution, but th...

The most important thing to a man in life is his reputation. Defamation is defined by Black's Law Dictionary as the crime of intentionally and falsely damaging someone's reputation, celebrity, ...

The Indian Legislature is empowered under the Constitution to enact national laws. Determining a legislative policy and framing it as a code of behavior is one of the major functions of the leg...

The Indian Evidence Act's Section 24 has the first instance of the word "confession." It is evident that the confessions are only one type of admission because this section falls unde...

"Bail is a Right; Jail is an Exception" - S.C. The term Bail is not defined anywhere in the code, but in the attempt of definition, it means setting a person at liberty after arrest on a charg...

This article examines the recent Supreme Court of India judgment in Mohd Abdul Samad v. The State of Telangana & Anr. Which definitively established the right of Muslim women to seek mainte...

The police have no right to refuse registration of a case when information is presented to them regarding the commission of a cognizable offense. Instead, they should proceed with an inquiry an...

The order made under Section 156(3) of the CrPC (Code of Criminal Procedure) serves as an intimation to the police, directing them to exercise their plenary power of investigation under Section...

In our criminal justice system, the general principle is to grant bail rather than imprisonment, with recognized exceptions. This stems from the foundational belief that an arrested individual ...

Where the High Court reversed the order of acquittal recorded by the Session Court, ignoring the major inconsistencies and discrepancies in the prosecution case, the order of the Trial Court wa...