Md. Imran Wahab

Md. Imran Wahab

Member since: July 17, 2023
Total live articles: 654

Md. Imran Wahab, a distinguished 2004-batch Indian Police Service officer, has dedicated over 32 years to public service, holding various senior managerial positions within the West Bengal Police force. His career has spanned diverse roles across different districts, including Kolkata Police, serving as DCP, 5th Battalion, Kolkata Armed Police and DCP (Port Division), Kolkata for approximately 4 years. He served in Barrackpore Police Commissionerate, holding the positions of DCP (Special Branch) and DCP (Traffic) for over 4 years. His tenure as Special IG and subsequently as IGP of Correctional Services, West Bengal, for over 4 years, saw him deeply engaged in improving the prison and correctional system. He visited numerous correctional homes across West Bengal, interacting with inmates, both male and female, including children residing with their incarcerated mothers. His outreach extended to correctional homes in Assam, Bihar, and Tripura. This hands-on approach provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of prisons and psychology of prisoners. Beyond his operational roles, Md. Imran Wahab possesses a strong academic background, holding B.Sc., M.A., L.L.B., and M.B.A. degrees. He has also completed Post Graduate Diplomas in Human Rights and Project Management. He has attended Indian government sponsored specialized training in police and management matters in SVPNPA, Hyderabad, IIM, Ahmedabad and in Singapore. He is the author of the book 'Police Investigation & Allied Matters,' demonstrating his commitment to knowledge sharing within the law enforcement field. As an observer for the Election Commission of India, he has gained firsthand experience in conducting assembly elections and bye-elections in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, and Tripura (twice). This exposure has given him a deep understanding of election management. He has authored over 600 articles on diverse topics.

Recent Articles by Md. Imran Wahab

Police Training in India: Navigating the Challenges and Forging the Future

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This study examines the need for transformation of police training in response to modern challenges. A multifaceted approach is essential to merge current societal issues with technological inn...

Leveraging Databases for Effective Policing: A Strategic Approach to Modern L...

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The incorporation of databases in law enforcement has significantly revolutionized policing by improving operational efficiencies, enhancing decision-making, and advancing crime prevention stra...

Assessing the Reliability and Evidentiary Value of Polygraph Tests

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The polygraph test, commonly known as a lie detector test, assesses physiological reactions to evaluate honesty and deception. Despite its extensive usage in criminal investigations and many ot...

Emerging Security Threats and Strategic Countermeasures along India's Interna...

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India's borders with Bangladesh and Myanmar are intricate and shaped by various geopolitical elements, resulting in considerable security issues that impact regional stability. These challenges...

Analysing the Vagueness and Shortcomings of Section 69 of the Bharatiya Nyaya...

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Section 69 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, makes it a crime to engage in sexual intercourse under false promises of marriage, thus offering legal protection to women against exploitation....

Reforming Strip Search Protocols in Prisons: Challenges, Standards and Solutions

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In prisons, the practice of strip searches is a contentious method employed to uncover contraband and maintain safety. While these searches aim to curb the trafficking of firearms, narcotics, a...

Key Qualities, Manipulations, Negligence and Ethical Challenges in Postmortem...

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The credibility of forensic investigations and the legal system as a whole are seriously threatened by manipulation, negligence, and unethical behaviour during postmortem examinations. Breaking...

Forensic Challenges and Risks Associated with DNA Fabrications

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In the realm of forensic science, the development of synthetic or fabricated DNA poses significant challenges that bring forth concerns regarding the ethics and reliability of the justice syste...

Junk DNA: Is it Really Junk-or a Code Waiting to Be Cracked?

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The idea that our genetic material contains Junk DNA is fading. Many DNA segments that were previously believed to be worthless now have important functions, according to recent studies. These ...

Understanding BNS Sections 238 and 61(2): Evidence Tampering, Supplying False...

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This paper provides a detailed analysis of Sections 238 and 61(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), focusing on the implications of tampering with evidence or providing false informat...

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: An Overview of Key Amendments

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The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) represents a pivotal legislative development in Indian law, serving as a comprehensive update to the Indian Evidence Act of 1872. This new Act modern...

Understanding the Implications of Non-Accused DNA at Crime Scenes for Crimina...

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While DNA evidence has revolutionized criminal investigations, its presence in legal cases becomes problematic when the DNA of non-accused individuals is detected at crime scenes. This essay ex...

Section 64A of the NDPS Act: Analysing the Immunity from Prosecution for Drug...

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Section 64A of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act of 1985 provides immunity from prosecution for drug users charged under Section 27 or involved in minor drug offences, a...

Assessing the Reliability of Firearms Expert Reports: A Critical Analysis

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This critical analysis investigates the dependability of firearms expert reports, which are admissible in evidence under Section 39(1) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, in criminal inve...

Advocating Grant of Parole to Undertrial Prisoners through Legal Reforms: Pro...

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Under Trial Prisoners (UTPs), who account for approximately 75-80% of India's prison population, face prolonged periods of detention largely due to systemic delays within the judicial framework...

Examining Wrongful Convictions Based on Fingerprint Evidence

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Fingerprint evidence has long been seen as a cornerstone of forensic science, valued for its unique traits and reliability. However, some wrongful conviction cases reveal significant flaws in h...

Inadequate Postmortem Reports: Investigating the Underlying Factors

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Postmortem reports play a vital role in forensic pathology, providing essential information about the causes of death needed for legal investigations. However, several factors undermine the qua...

Reasons for Potential Unreliability of DNA Evidence: A Critical Examination

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DNA evidence is widely regarded as the "gold standard" in forensic science because of its capacity to accurately identify individuals and exonerate the innocent. However, several fact...

Shortcomings of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: An Analytical Perspective

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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 was enacted on December 25, 2023, to supplant the Indian Penal Code of 1860, marking a significant reform in India's criminal justice system. This legislation,...

Challenges Afflicting Indian Courts

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The Indian legal system faces numerous challenges that impact nearly every court across the nation. Key issues include a heavy caseload coupled with inadequate court facilities, personnel, and ...

Challenges Encountered by Police Officers During Crime Investigations

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This study highlights the vital function of police officers involved in criminal investigations in maintaining the integrity of Indian society through effective law enforcement and fair justice...

VIP Security and the Special Protection Group: Overcoming Challenges in Indi...

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The safety of high-profile individuals is a global priority. This article delves into the complex world of VIP security, examining the critical role and shortcomings of the Special Protection G...

Shortcomings of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Challenges for Courts,...

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The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) replacing the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA) introduces several new provisions that create challenges for courts, prisons, and police, impacting the...

Protecting the identity of Rape Victims and the Exceptions to This Protection

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Protecting the anonymity of rape victims is crucial for upholding their dignity and mental health. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), explicitly forbids revealing information that identif...

Media Trial: Balancing Press Freedom and the Right to a Fair Trial

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This article, titled "Media Trial: Balancing Press Freedom and the Right to a Fair Trial," explores the complications arising from media trials, where intense and often exaggerated me...

Eyewitness Testimony: How Reliable is It?

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This paper examines the intricacies associated with eyewitness testimony in legal settings, emphasizing its crucial role as evidence while also addressing its fundamental limitations. An eyewit...

Challenges Afflicting Prisons: A First-Hand Observation

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Prisons encounter numerous challenges stemming from systemic, social, and administrative shortcomings. Overcrowding stands out as a significant problem, with facilities operating well beyond th...

A Comparative Analysis of Conciliation v/s Litigation: Pros and Cons from Ind...

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Conciliation and litigation represent two alternative methods of resolving disputes, each with its own particular advantages and disadvantages. Understanding the relationship between these two ...

Weaponization of Social Media: Challenges and Responses

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The use of social media as a tool for manipulation poses significant challenges worldwide, affecting public sentiment, intensifying divisions, and endangering democratic systems. This article i...

Challenges Faced by Female Inmates and the Effects of Inadequate Women's Prisons

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Women's correctional facilities are integral to the criminal justice system, creating supportive environments that cater to the unique circumstances of female offenders. These specialized insti...

Character Evidence in Civil Cases: Clarifying Section 46 of the Bharatiya Sak...

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The term 'character' encompasses both a person's reputation and their behavior. Nevertheless, one can only provide evidence of an individual's overall reputation and general behavior, rather th...

Enhancement Of Infrastructure Along International Borders And Its Influence O...

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National security is a complex concept shaped by numerous factors, including diplomacy, economics, and military strength. Among these, the infrastructure along international borders plays a cru...

Election Related Offences in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

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Election-related offences include bribery, exerting improper influence, impersonating voters, inciting animosity between groups, spreading misleading information to manipulate election outcomes...

Legal Framework and Implications of Hate Speech in India

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Hate speech encompasses any form of communication - spoken, written, or behavioural - that belittles, shames, or provokes violence or discrimination against individuals or groups based on chara...

Effective Strategies for Managing Substance Addiction among Incarcerated Popu...

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Confronting substance use among prisoners is a complicated and multifaceted challenge. A substantial portion of the prison population grapples with substance use disorders, making it essential ...

Abuse of Police Authority in Hindering Voting by Marginalized Communities Dur...

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The right to vote is a core element of democracy, allowing individuals to engage in governance. Nevertheless, marginalized communities, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds and minor...

Vexatious Litigations: A Comprehensive Overview

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Vexatious litigation refers to legal proceedings initiated with malicious intent and lacking reasonable justification, typically aimed at harassing or undermining an opponent. This type of liti...

Crimes Punishable By The Death Penalty In The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (...

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Crimes that are subject to the death penalty encompass a range of serious offences, typically including heinous acts such as murder, particularly in cases of aggravated or premeditated killing,...

Overview of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA)

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The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) is a pivotal legislation in India, focused on the regulation of the manufacture, sale, and consumption of tobacco products. Introduced in 2...

Building Bridges: Policing in Tribal Areas

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Community policing in tribal regions is essential for connecting law enforcement with indigenous communities, acknowledging their unique cultural, social, and economic contexts. This approach f...

Legal Considerations Surrounding Miscarriage and Loss of a Child under the BN...

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A miscarriage refers to the unintentional end of a pregnancy before the 20th week, frequently linked to chromosomal anomalies, though it can also stem from various factors such as health compli...

Flaws in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS)

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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) serves as the official criminal code for the Republic of India, marking a significant update to the country's legal framework. This new code officially t...

The Gig Economy: A Transformation in Work Dynamics in the 21st Century

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The gig economy has swiftly become a prominent aspect of today's labour market, reshaping how individuals work and how businesses function. Defined by short-term contracts, freelancing, and ada...

Right to Disconnect: Major Overhaul in Employment Laws in Australia

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Australia's employment law framework is experiencing major changes in 2024, driven by the implementation of new regulations aimed at addressing the shifting dynamics of work in a contemporary e...

Shortcomings in the BNSS (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023)

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The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), has been introduced as a replacement for the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) of 1973, signifying a major reform in India’s criminal justi...

Cybersquatting: An In-Depth Overview

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Cybersquatting, often referred to as domain squatting, is the act of registering, selling, or utilizing domain names that closely resemble or are identical to the trademarks or brand names of e...

The Lanham Act: An In-Depth Examination

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The Lanham Act, officially referred to as the Trademark Act of 1946, serves as a cornerstone of trademark law in the United States. Instituted on July 5, 1946, the act is named after Texas Repr...

Effective Strategies for Settling Legal Disputes: Exploring Alternative Dispu...

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Alternative Dispute Resolutions (ADR), also referred to as Non-trial Resolutions or extrajudicial settlements, encompass various methods utilized to settle legal disputes without resorting to t...

Significance of Force Majeure and Pandemic Provisions Within Contract Law

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Elaborating on the significance of force majeure clauses, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, offers a deeper insight into their function within contract law and risk management...

The Doctrine of Forum Non Conveniens

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The doctrine of forum non conveniens is a concept in private international law that permits a court with the authority to hear a case to dismiss it if a more suitable forum exists. This princip...

Distinctions Between Common Law and Civil Law

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Common Law and Civil Law represent the two foremost legal systems globally. They exhibit significant differences in their foundational principles, sources of law, procedures, and methods of ach...

International Arbitration And Cross-Border Litigation: Managing Complexities ...

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Globalization has profoundly altered the legal landscape, bringing nations, corporations, and individuals into unprecedented proximity. This increased interconnectedness has led to a surge in c...

Key Provisions of the Waqf Act 1995 as Amended in 2013

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The key provisions of the Waqf Act 1995 as amended in 2013 may be summarised as follows: The definition of "encroacher" has been expanded to include public and private institutions, as well a...

Overview of the Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991

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The Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991, is a notable legislative measure in India aimed at preserving communal harmony by addressing delicate matters related to the status of reli...

Relational Contracts and Long-term Agreements

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Contemporary contract law has developed to address the intricacies of ongoing business relationships that cannot be thoroughly encapsulated in conventional, one-time contracts. These enduring r...

Freedom of Contract and Consumer Protection

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The contemporary landscape of contract law is increasingly influenced by a dedication to consumer protection, particularly regarding unfair contract terms. This shift illustrates a wider societ...

Contract Law, Smart Contracts and Blockchain Technology

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Smart contracts and blockchain technology have brought about significant changes to conventional contract law, providing a more secure, efficient, and transparent method for executing agreement...

Waqf Tribunal: Challenging Its Decisions in Higher Courts

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Section 83 of the Waqf Act, 1995 addresses the formation of the Waqf Tribunal. The provisions of this Section are as follows: The State Government shall establish, through a notification ...

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethical Contracting

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a vital element of contemporary business practices, shaping corporate policies as well as the legal frameworks that govern business conduct....

Globalization and Cross-Border Contracts

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Globalization has significantly impacted contract law, influencing how businesses and individuals conduct cross-border transactions. As the world becomes more interconnected, companies are exte...

Waqf-alal-aulad: Definition, Historical Background, and Contemporary Relevance

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Waqf-alal-aulad:In Islamic law, waqf refers to an endowment of property for religious or charitable purposes. Once designated as waqf, the property is non-transferable and cannot be sold, inher...

Analysis of Arjun Panditrao Khotkar v/s Kailash Kushanrao Gorantyal Case

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The case of Arjun Panditrao Khotkar v. Kailash Kushanrao Gorantyal (2020) stands as a landmark ruling from the Supreme Court of India that profoundly influenced the admissibility of electronic ...

Impotentia Excusat Legem

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The Latin legal maxim "Impotentia excusat legem" translates to "inability excuses from the law." This principle asserts that individuals cannot be held liable for not fulfil...

The Doctrine of Force Majeure in Contracts

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The doctrine of force majeure is a legal principle that allows parties to a contract to be excused from fulfilling their obligations when an extraordinary event or circumstance beyond their con...

Lex Non Cogit Ad Impossibilia

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"Lex non cogit ad impossibilia" is a Latin legal principle that means "the law does not compel the impossible." This concept is fundamental in legal systems globally, acting...

Redefining The Status Of Government Property In Relation To Waqf: A Critical ...

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Waqf is a significant Islamic institution wherein properties are dedicated by individuals or entities for religious, charitable, or pious purposes, ensuring that these assets are held indefinit...

Analyzing The Ramifications Of The Removal Of Waqf By User In The Waqf (Amend...

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The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2024 purportedly proposes to eliminate the acknowledgment of 'waqf by user' in order to streamline the legal framework and guarantee that all waqf properties are offi...

Buds Act: Banning Of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Act, 2019

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Deposit Scheme:A deposit scheme is a financial arrangement whereby a person or entity gathers money from the public, generally with the commitment to return the funds after a designated period,...

Can The Essential Services Maintenance Act (ESMA), 1981 Be Enforced Against D...

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The Essential Services Maintenance Act (ESMA) of 1981 is a pivotal law in India aimed at guaranteeing the seamless provision of essential services that are vital for public welfare and the effe...

Open Jails: Challenges for Women Prisoners

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Open jails primarily aim at rehabilitating and reintegrating inmates into society, offering enhanced freedom and employment opportunities. They not only help reduce recidivism, mental health pr...

Recording of Confessions and Statements Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha ...

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Section 183 BNSS deals with the recording of confessions of an accused person and statements of an accused person or a victim of rape or gang rape or acid attack etc. made to a Judicial Magistr...

The Illusion of Freedom: How Psychological Manipulation Shapes Perceptions of...

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The phrase "The best way to keep a prisoner from escaping is to make sure he never knows he's in prison" conveys a significant notion regarding control, perception, and the essence of...

Mercy Petition: New Provision Under Section 472 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha...

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A mercy petition is a formal appeal submitted by individuals facing death sentences or imprisonment, requesting clemency from the President or Governor, depending on the jurisdiction. This prac...

Secondary Evidence under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

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Secondary evidence pertains to duplicates or alternatives of original documents that are not accessible. This encompasses certified copies, photocopies, and verbal descriptions of document info...

Admissibility of Electronic Records: Understanding Section 63 of the Bharatiy...

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Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act (IEA) was a significant amendment to the historic Indian Evidence Act of 1872, introduced following the Information Technology Act 2000, which came into e...

Summons in Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) - Processes to Com...

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A summons is an official legal document issued by a Court that informs an individual or organization about a legal action or proceeding that concerns them. It generally contains details about t...

Primary Evidence under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

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According to Section 57 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, Primary Evidence consists of original documents or materials that are directly submitted in court. Section 62 of the Indian Evi...

Sweden Enacts Legislation to Reduce Legal Gender Change Age from 18 to 16

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In April 2024, the Swedish parliament approved a law that decreases the minimum age for legally changing one's gender from 18 to 16 and facilitates access to surgical procedures. The measure...

Strip Searches in Prisons

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Strip searches in correctional facilities are a controversial topic, involving a variety of legal, ethical, and practical issues. These searches usually entail the removal of clothing and, at t...

Singapore's Legal System: An Analytical Overview

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Singapore law is characterized by its robust legal system, which draws from a combination of common law, statutes, and regulations. The legal framework is known for its stability, predictabilit...

Understanding Evidence in the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

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Section 2(1) (e) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 corresponds to Section 3 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.Under the new definition of "evidence" in Section 2(1) (e) of the Bharatiya S...

Understanding Document in Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

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As per Section 2(d) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, the term "document" refers to any matter that is expressed, described, or otherwise recorded on any material using letter...

Section 1 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Modifications vis-à-vis ...

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Section 1 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 aligns with Section 1 of the previously repealed Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023-Section 1: This legislation s...

Key Factors Leading To The Overthrow Of A Democratically Elected Government

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The motivations for citizens rising up against a democratically elected government, which could lead to its collapse, vary greatly depending on the unique circumstances and context of each situ...

Summary Trials in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)

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Summary trials, as outlined in Sections 283 to 288 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), are structured to provide a brief and expedited trial process for specific categories of off...

Was Section 113 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Regarding Terrorist Act ...

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In a notable advancement, the term 'terrorist act' has been formally criminalized within the general criminal statute Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, thereby broadening the legal framework addre...

Diplomacy, Not Law, Governs Exchanges of Prisoners Between Countries

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On August 1, 2024, Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich, along with two other Americans, was released from Russia as part of a prisoner swap. The exchange included a total of 24 indivi...

A Noble Duty Fulfilled: The Story of a Missing Constable and his Struggling F...

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During my time as Deputy Commissioner of Police for the 5th Battalion of the Kolkata Armed Police from 2012 to 2015, I faced a variety of challenges and responsibilities. Among these experience...

Challenges Afflicting Indian Police

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Ensuring the well-being and effectiveness of police personnel is crucial amid numerous challenges. Extended periods away from loved ones, especially in dangerous or remote locations, pose perso...

SOP for Zero FIR Registration at Police Stations

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The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) has taken the place of the Criminal Procedure Code of 1973 with effect from 1st July, 2024, with the registration of a cognizable offence now...

Section 353 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS): Combating Misinformat...

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The BNS has introduced Section 353, an essential measure in the battle against misinformation. This new provision penalizes the deliberate creation, distribution, or publication of inaccurate i...

Parole As A Reformative Measure For Under-Trial Prisoners

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Parole is a mechanism enabling the temporary or permanent release of prisoners before they have finished serving their sentences, typically under certain stipulations. In India, this option is ...

Prison Is a Very Expensive Way of Making Bad Men Worse

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Ex Home Minister of Britain Lord Waddington's remarks bring attention to a significant concern within the criminal justice system: the ineffectiveness and expense associated with conventional i...

Death in Prisons: Present Scenario

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When a person in official custody of prison passes away, it is called death in prison. The death may be natural or unnatural and caused inside the prisoner or outside in hospital or during tran...

Compassion Behind Bars: Noble Deed in Baruipur Central Jail

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On March 11, 2020, in course of my incumbency as Special Inspector General of Correctional Services, West Bengal, a visit to the Baruipur Central Jail (Jails & Prisons are called Correction...

Audio Video Recording of the Search and Seizure Operation: Sections 105/185 o...

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Section 105 of the BNSS - Documenting Search and Seizure via Audio-Video Electronic Methods:When carrying out a search of a location or seizing any property, item, or object under this Section ...

Arrest By a Private Person: Understanding Section 40 of the Bharatiya Nagarik...

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Section 40 of The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) addresses the arrest by private individuals and the related procedures. A private individual may arrest or arrange for the arre...

Directorate of Prosecution: Understanding Section 20 of the Bharatiya Nagarik...

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The State Government according to Section 20 (1) of the BNSS has the authority to establish: A Directorate of Prosecution within the State, comprising a Director of Prosecution and an appropri...

Analysing Proposed Legal Changes in Cannabis Laws in Germany

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Germany's cannabis laws are undergoing substantial revisions, with the parliament approving recreational cannabis use. This decision embodies a shift in drug policy, but it is not yet complete ...

Australia's New Vaping Laws

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Vaping regulations in Australia are set for a major revision, with new measures taking effect on July 1, 2024, as the government addresses what it refers to as "the largest loophole in Aus...

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Popular Articles by Md. Imran Wahab

Mischief Rule of Interpretation: An Anal...

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One of the ways to interpret laws or statutes is through the mischief rule, also called the Hey...

Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law

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Introduction The concept of the "Pure Theory of Law" was developed by Hans Kelsen, an Austrian...

Grounds for Cancellation of Bail

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Introduction Once a court grants bail to someone, it can take it back under certain circumstan...

Import of General Diary

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Introduction A General Diary (GD), also known as a General Diary Entry or simply a Diary Entry...

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