A crucial step towards incorporating the WhatsApp messaging platform into Supreme Court proceedings was taken when Justice DY Chandrachud, Chief Justice of the Indian Supreme Court, announced i...

A contract of extradition or extradition treaty is a duly signed document that covenants two or more nations to help transfer individuals who are wanted or sentenced in connection with a crime ...

Determinations from postmortem investigations are essential in order to grant closure to families and friends of the deceased, as well as help facilitate subsequent legal proceedings. Criminal ...

The Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) was enacted in 2002 as a crucial legal tool to combat money laundering and related offences in India. Its primary objective is to detect, investiga...

The United States wields its veto power in the UN Security Council to obstruct resolutions critical or against the interests of Israel, motivated by factors such as: Strategic alliance w...

Diverse constitutions across the globe differ in their structures, rights, and powers of governance. Ranging from the United States Constitution, whose provisions are elaborate, to the European...

Title IX is a comprehensive federal statute in the United States that prohibits discrimination based on sex in any educational program or activity that receives federal funding. Incorporated in...

The intricate relationship among news reporters, presenters, and media owners involves various forms of influence, both overt and covert. This analysis delves into the mechanisms by which media...

The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution is an essential part of the American legal system and national customs that have been formed for many years and have been evolving through...

Artificially generated media, known as deepfakes, has emerged as a major concern due to its potential to manipulate video, audio, and images using advanced technology like Artificial Intelligen...

Detecting media bias can be accomplished by observing various indications. These include biased reporting that presents a one-sided view, cherry-picking facts, using exaggerated or attention-gr...

Reinvestigation: The act of reinvestigation entails a thorough review and reconsideration of a previously completed investigation, with the intention of uncovering additional evidence or witne...

Jurisprudence, the philosophy and theory of law, and international law, the body of rules governing relations between states and other international actors, share a complex and symbiotic relati...

In Our Country Normally Murders Are Committed By: Sharp or blunt weapons, firearms, or explosives. Strangulation, throttling, or smothering. Poisoning. Burning. In any type of murder, ...

The Pinochet Case broke new ground by challenging long-standing beliefs about sovereign immunity and advocating for universal jurisdiction in cases of serious human rights violations. Unlike pa...

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to its remarkable capabilities, often surpassing human cognition in various areas. As AI continues to become more entwined in our s...

Medical Insanity:Medical insanity is a term used to describe serious mental disorders that greatly hinder a person's ability to think, feel, or behave normally. These disorders, such as schizop...

The independence, integrity, and effectiveness of the judiciary can be compromised by various sources, presenting threats to its proper functioning. There are numerous potential threats that c...

Objects of the Principles of Natural Justice:Natural justice, also referred to as procedural fairness, is a legal doctrine that covers the most important procedural rights to ensure impartial and...

The insanity defence, also known as legal insanity, is a highly debated and intricate component of criminal law. It requires an assessment of the defendant's mental state during the alleged off...

Although the Indian Penal Code, 1860 does not explicitly define 'intention', it is a crucial principle in criminal law that an individual cannot be found guilty of a crime without having intend...

Performing post-mortem examinations can be emotionally draining for both the pathologist and the family of the deceased. Striking a balance between the scientific investigation and showing resp...

The idea of ultra vires has its roots in ancient Rome. In the 19th century, it came to the fore in corporate law as a safeguard against corporations' actions beyond their objectives. This conce...

The execution of international laws is obstructed by various hindrances, such as the intricacies of independent nations, conflicting interests, and systemic obstacles. The desire for self-rule ...

Formal Science: In the context of "formal science," it typically refers to disciplines that are concerned with formal systems, abstract structures, and logical reasoning, rather than...

The notion of whether "law is blind" or has "opened its eyes" encapsulates a nuanced debate within legal philosophy and practice. It reflects ongoing discussions about the f...

A predicate offence is an unlawful act that forms a part of a more severe criminal act or organization. It acts as the foundation for additional illegal activities. A predicate offence is a fun...

In the legal case Bridges v. Hawkesworth, the plaintiff, Mr. Bridges, stumbled upon a significant amount of money at Mr. Hawkesworth's shop. Acting in good faith, Bridges entrusted the money to...

In 1932, the Supreme Court of the United States introduced the concept of prospective overruling in the case of Great Northern Railway v. Sunburst Oil and Refining Co. The Court asserted that i...

The 1884 legal case of R v. Dudley and Stephens is a well-known example of English criminal law. It involved a difficult and morally challenging situation. The case revolved around four individ...

The phrase 'Letter Rogatory' is derived from the Latin term 'rogatorius.' In the Latin language, 'rogatorius' translates to 'related to a request' or 'related to a petitioner.' Letter Rogatory,...

Tort and crime, two legal branches, are different because each of them deals with specific elements of wrongful behaviour as well as consequences for these. Tort law is mainly based on civil w...

John Austin, a 19th century British jurist, proposed a theory of sovereignty that has become a fundamental concept in both political theory and jurisprudence. This theory centres on the notion ...

International law, also known as the corpus juris, is composed of rules and principles that govern the relationships between states, international organizations, and sometimes individuals. It e...

A formal document known as an injury report is used to record the details of an individual's injury. This includes the date, time, location, and nature of the injury. The report can be created ...

A viscera report is compiled in order to establish the reason for death in cases where traditional autopsies are inconclusive. These examinations involve a thorough investigation of the viscera...

The term jus cogens, also known as a peremptory norm and meaning 'compelling law' in Latin, originated from customary international law and the general principles of law recognized by civilized...

Classic Example of Precedent as a Source of Law:One of the most notable illustrations of precedent as a source of law in the United States is the 'Brown v. Board of Education' (1954) case. It cal...

The presence of a seizure list witness is of utmost importance in the investigation and trial of a case, serving as a critical link between the evidence collected during the investigation and i...

Positive Law:Positive law is a collection of legal rules and principles that are officially enacted, recognized, and enforced by governmental authorities in a specific jurisdiction. It differs ...

Executive exerts influence over the judiciary including High Courts and Supreme Court through a variety of mechanisms, ranging from the appointment of judges to the shaping of judicial decision...

Final Report is submitted in cases where charge sheet could not be forwarded to the court after completion of investigation due to insufficient evidence or no evidence at all or false complaint...

The case of 'Ashby v. White' is a significant ruling in the history of English law, centred on the concept of electoral rights and the responsibility of public officials. This landmark case, de...

One of the vital factors that allow the judiciary to remain legitimate and function properly is protection of its independence and basing on law rather than personal politics. A commitment to j...

Trace evidence can be described as materials that are so minute that the human eye is not capable of perceiving them; however, they can transfer from one surface to another without being notice...

'An eye for an eye,' also called 'lex talionis,' which can be literally translated into Latin as the 'law of retaliation' or 'law of retribution,' is a principle that is often referred to when ...

The legal standard of proof known as 'preponderance of probability' is utilized in civil cases, requiring the evidence presented to demonstrate a greater likelihood that a fact is true. In simp...

Legally, a 'minor' is an individual who has not yet reached the age of majority, typically set at 18 years old in most legal systems. This age serves as a dividing line between childhood and ad...

Bail refers to the time a person charged with an offence can be set at liberty without staying in prison as they await their hearing in court. This decision of whether or not to grant bail is n...

According to the principle of judicial hierarchy, higher courts have authority over lower courts within the judicial system, and as such, lower courts are bound to follow the decisions and prec...

Police Malkhana:The Police Malkhana is a store for the safekeeping of confiscated, recovered stolen items, firearms, drugs, documents, and other evidence found in investigations. These are stor...

According to Section 24 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, the responsibility of proving the source of proceeds of crime falls on the accused. In cases where an individual is char...

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of drowning and drowning death is crucial in providing prompt intervention, potentially saving a person's life and find out the cause of death. While the medi...

The differences between police custody and judicial custody are given below: In police custody permission of the court is not required for interrogation of the accused person. In judicia...

Investigating agencies play a pivotal role in ensuring justice is served, as they are tasked with gathering evidence and presenting it in court. However, when investigating agencies omit statem...

When determining whether bail should be granted in a case that is typically non-bailable, judges and magistrates take into account a variety of factors and adhere to specific standards and crit...

One of the key roles of judges in a courtroom is to ensure that justice is served by impartially evaluating evidence and submissions presented by defence lawyers. Their assessment is guided by ...

The concepts of intention and motive are essential in the fields of law, psychology, and philosophy, each with its own distinct definitions and implications. It is vital to grasp the subtle dif...

Arrest by Private Person:Section 43 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 has laid down the conditions under which a private person can effectuate an arrest to protect public tranquillity and en...

Cognizable Offence:Police officers have the authority to arrest without warrant and investigate without the permission of court for certain offences known as cognizable offences. These offences...

Acquittal:Acquittal is defined in section 232 of the CrPC. After taking the evidence for the prosecution and examining the accused and hearing the prosecution and the defence, if the judge cons...

The grant of bail is subject to rigorous conditions as stated in Section 43D (5) of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967. Following the devastating Bombay terror attacks, the Union g...

In any justice system, particularly regarding the submission of a charge sheet, the principles of transparency and accountability hold great importance. This document serves as a critical momen...

Custom is a source of law that refers to established behavioural patterns within a society that are widely recognized and followed as legally binding norms, even if they are not formally writte...

The FCRA, also known as the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act of 2010, serves as a regulatory framework in India for monitoring the inflow and utilization of foreign contributions. Its main...

Background of China-Sri Lanka Relations:Throughout history, Sri Lanka has held a strategic position in the Indian Ocean, serving as a critical stop on major trade routes connecting the Western wo...

In the competitive world of the courtroom, the display of evidence wields great influence. It acts as the foundation of legal argumentation, swaying both judges and jurors. The art of presentin...

A gunshot wound is an injury caused by the discharge of a firearm, typically when a bullet or pellets propelled by gunpowder or other propellants from the firearm impact an individual. The seve...

The primary goal of international copyright protection is to safeguard the rights of creators across different countries. However, this objective is hindered by various factors, such as differe...

The principle of presumption of innocence was first introduced by Sir William Garrow (1760-1840) and is commonly known as 'innocent unless proven guilty.' It is considered a fundamental aspect ...

'The term actus reus, a legal concept originating from Latin, refers to the physical act or behaviour that constitutes a crime. It is an essential aspect in establishing criminal liability, alo...

Section 364A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) which deals with "Kidnapping for Ransom" defines the abominable crime of holding a person captive with a view to extorting money or coercing an actio...

To understand Dacoity with Murder, let us first define robbery since dacoity is a form of robbery where the number of miscreants is five or more. Robbery: Section 390 of the Indian Penal Code...

Primary Evidence:According to Section 62 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, primary evidence refers to the original document itself. In more straightforward terms, primary evidence is the primar...

The concept of mens rea, which is derived from the Latin term 'guilty mind,' is a fundamental aspect of criminal law that pertains to a person's mental state or intention while committing a cri...

Extrajudicial confessions are those made to any person not legally authorized to record the confession. This can include making a confession to someone during a police investigation. To prove a...

The distinction between bailable and non-bailable crimes is made by the Indian criminal justice system, whereby bail can be granted easily for bailable offences, while for non-bailable offences...

Murder:The provision of 'Murder' under Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code encompasses the offence of culpable homicide, and states that culpable homicide is considered as murder if any of the...

Estoppel:Estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents a person from asserting a claim or defence that is contrary to what they have previously stated, agreed upon, or established by their conduct...

The legislation of Article 23 in Hong Kong recently has led to a heated debate regarding its potential infringement on the rights and freedoms of speech and expression. The law, which became ef...

In the past, the emphasis was on quantity rather than quality. However, in modern times, the accepted rule in all systems of jurisprudence is that evidence should be weighed, not counted. Even ...

The practice of 'judge shopping' is a contentious issue that is prevalent in legal systems around the world. It involves litigants trying to influence the assignment of judges to their cases in...

The differentiation between extra-judicial and infra-judicial confessions is of utmost importance in the legal field, significantly impacting their admissibility and credibility during court pr...

The crucial role of trauma-informed lawyering in legal practice cannot be overstated. Trauma exerts a pervasive influence on the lives of countless individuals, leaving a lasting impact on thei...

There are multiple aspects in which the use of speech-to-text AI tools can help police constables in their work. These tools may have a number of features, including the ability to take and sto...

"AI Predicting Lifespan" means that AI and machine learning algorithms are used to analyse data related to various factors and determine how long a person can be expected to live. Often, such f...

AI is transforming the legal profession in various ways, presenting opportunities for increased efficiency, improved decision-making, and enhanced client service. Through automating repetitive ...

The subject matter of copyright law, which falls under intellectual property law provides the author of an original work such as literature, music, or art with exclusive rights. The purpose of ...

The legal doctrine of forum non conveniens permits a court to determine that another court may be more suitable for adjudicating a case. This is typically employed when a court determines that ...

The act of forum shopping is employed in order to have cases heard in a court that is more likely to give a favourable ruling. In forum shopping petitioners or lawyers may intentionally try to ...

The recurrence of criminal behaviour after punishment or incarceration for previous crimes is known as recidivism. It is a complex concept influenced by various elements, including socioeconomi...

Section 17 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 defines admission as a voluntary statement by the accused regarding the existence or truth related to facts in issue. The statements may be either or...

Retracted Confession is the act of disavowing a previously made confession. The term 'retract' denotes the action of formally withdrawing or rejecting previously made statements. A retracted co...

Substantive evidence, also known as concrete evidence, is direct proof that establishes a particular fact without the need for any inference. It is tangible evidence that directly backs up a st...

The literal rule of interpretation of statutes gives preference to the precise language used in a statute or law under scrutiny. It requires that the words be given their ordinary, grammatical,...

Proved: According Section 3 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, a fact is deemed to be proved when the court, based on the presented evidence, believes in its existence. These are facts that the...

Voice Cloning:The process of voice cloning, also known as speech synthesis, revolves around producing an artificial reproduction of an individual's voice using advanced deep learning methods. T...

Good Faith: Section 52 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) outlines the legal definition of 'good faith'. It explicitly states that any action or belief cannot be deemed to be done or held in 'good...

The term 'Res Gestae' is a Latin phrase that translates to 'things done.' Essentially, it encompasses any actions, words, or events that are closely tied to a specific situation. For example, i...

The current state of global patent regulations is characterized by constantly changing trends, driven by technological progress, global interconnectedness, and evolving socio-economic environme...