Introduction Talaq is an Arabic word, which means "loosing or untying the knot" (Imam Raghib). In the terminology of lawyers, Talaq means, by uttering certain words, the annulment of...

Introduction On October 10th, we recognize the "International Day against the Death Penalty." Capital punishment, which is a legal death penalty, is used in India only for the most s...

Introduction As an essential component of democracy, journalism serves a crucial function. Acting as a sentinel, it prevents the government from overreaching and engaging in unethical activiti...

Introduction The use of the "third degree" by police refers to a controversial and illegal practice of using extreme physical or psychological methods to extract information or con...

Introduction Solitary confinement is purportedly employed as a means to mitigate violence within jail populations and has seen increased utilization due to rising incarceration rates. Within m...

Introduction Over a case relating to the tussle between the Governor of West Bengal and the State Government, the Supreme Court on Friday (15 September 2023) said that in the State of West Ben...

Introduction Entities that offer aid, cooperation, or intelligence to police agencies is commonly known as Police Sources or Informers or 'Khabari'. These sources serve multifaceted purposes a...

Introduction An approver is not defined in the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 or even in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. The Black Law Dictionary defines "an approver" as an accomplice...

According to Article 22 (1) and Article 14 of the Constitution of India, legal aid is a right and Article 39-A advocates the provision of free legal aid to citizens in need. Free legal services...

Introduction The role of a public prosecutor is to act as a representative of the government, whether of the state or central government, in criminal matters. An officer of the court who assis...

Introduction The departmental proceedings are started by the disciplinary authority under different existing service and conduct rules of the government against misconduct or indisciplined act...

Key Traits of a Good Defense Lawyer A competent defense lawyer possesses a combination of knowledge, skills and personal qualities that empower them to advocate for their clients, within the l...

Introduction In accordance with the Indian Constitution, the Parliament as well as State Legislatures have the authority to enact laws within their respective domains. The exclusive power to r...

Introduction Arson is the deliberate burning of property with bad intentions. It's a serious crime, often classified as a felony, especially when it poses a significant risk to people or prope...

Introduction A charge sheet is a formal legal document used by law enforcement, like the police, to officially accuse someone of a crime. It contains details about the alleged crime, the evide...

Introduction Findings are presented by the inquiry officer after the inquiry of the charge against the delinquent has been completed as part of the departmental proceedings initiated against h...

Introduction Criminal insanity refers to a mental illness or disease that makes it impossible for the defendant to know that he is committing a crime or to understand that his actions are wron...

DNA Analysis: Benefits and Pitfalls One of the most profound injustices within the realm of criminal justice occurs when an individual is wrongly convicted for a crime, he had no involvement in....

Introduction In the intricate realm of criminal justice, the outcome of a trial can lead to either conviction or acquittal of the accused. The latter, acquittal, signifies the court's decision...

Introduction In legal proceedings, it's not always necessary to record a witness's statement under Section 164 of the CrPC. This is typically done to prevent the witness from changing his stat...

Protect Yourself from Being Sex SlaveThe sad truth is that anyone, regardless of their background or confidence level, can become a victim of manipulation. Many women believe they can protect t...

The Psychology of Child Serial Killers Child serial killers are kids who commit more than one murder when they are young. This doesn't happen very often, but when it does, it's really shocking ...

Introduction Once a court grants bail to someone, it can take it back under certain circumstances. This can happen in two ways: the court can decide to do it on its own (Suo moto) or if the po...

Introduction The purpose of Section 197 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1973 is to shield civil servants from baseless and malicious legal actions related to their official duties. This s...

Introduction The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985 is a stringent law in India that aims to control and regulate operations related to narcotic drugs and psychotropic...

Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the science of creating machines and computer systems that mimic human intelligence, including the capacity to analyse data, make decisions, and im...

Introduction A General Diary (GD), also known as a General Diary Entry or simply a Diary Entry, is a record maintained by law enforcement agencies, such as police departments, to document vari...

Introduction In cases where information or formal investigations abroad are required, cooperation with INTERPOL becomes essential. These situations often occur when suspects have fled the coun...

Introduction People often go to the police station hoping for swift action after witnessing or experiencing a crime. However, they are sometimes asked to return with a written complaint instea...

Introduction Within the framework of the Indian Evidence Act of 1872, the term "Expert" lacks a precise or explicit definition. However, an expert is essentially someone who holds an...

Introduction The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is a proposed set of laws aimed at replacing personal laws based on religious practices with a common set of civil laws for all citizens of India, reg...

Introduction Whenever a cognizable crime is committed, FIR may be lodged with the police station. However, there are instances galore where a false FIR is lodged to harass an innocent person o...

Introduction The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) stands as India's foremost law enforcement agency, primarily tasked with investigations of paramount importance. Operating under the umbr...

Introduction Cryptocurrency, a fusion of "crypto" and "currency," is a form of digital money. "Crypto" signifies secrecy, while "currency" pertains to mon...

Introduction The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, confers authority upon the Police through Section 155 and Section 156 to undertake investigative tasks. Alongside these investigative powers,...

Contempt of court isn't a singular offense; rather, it encompasses various distinct categories of wrongdoing. These categories encompass a range of actions: disruptions within the courtroom (su...

Common Errors, Hindrances & Remedies in the Conduct of Departmental Proceedings While conducting enquiry into a Departmental Proceedings, the principles of natural justice and the theory of ...

Introduction In the realm of Islamic jurisprudence, Nikah, the sacred institution of marriage, stands as a divine covenant that nurtures harmonious and tranquil family bonds. It transcends mer...

Introduction The successful investigator should demonstrate a high level of expertise in acquiring information from both physical evidence and the statements provided by those related to or ...

Introduction Cryptocurrencies have increasingly become a prime target for cybercriminals, drawn to the notion that fraudulent transactions cannot be reversed, providing them with a false sense...

Qualities of a Successful Investigator In any criminal investigation, there exist three initial stages that a successful investigator must always bear in mind. Firstly, the question of whether...

Introduction As to the cause of death, the statement made by a person regarding any of the circumstances of the transaction that culminated in his death prior to his death is "Dying Declaratio...

Police is required to conduct inquests under section 174 (1) CrPC in cases in which information is received by the police that a person: has committed suicide; has been killed by some other...

Divisions, tensions and conflicts between different social, ethnic or religious groups within a country are referred to as communal disharmony. The national security can be impacted in various ...

Introduction Test Identification Parades are conducted while the cases are under investigation, after the arrest of the accused or recovery of property. An identification parade is held to tes...

Introduction Open jails are based on reformative theory of justice and punishment, as opposed to retributive theory, and advocates turning criminals into law-abiding citizens without restricti...

Introduction The task of trained trackers to identify scents and pursue traces of them is an important aspect of criminal investigations by Police. However, such evidence is only as strong as ...

Abstract A proper and genuine seizure in which evidences are seized according to the procedures and directions prescribed by prevailing laws and guidelines, is important in securing conviction...

Introduction A decision is on the anvil to increase the legal age of marriage for women from 18 to 21 years with the introduction of the Prohibition of Child Marriage (Amendment) Bill, 2021 in...

Abstract The irreparable damage caused by solitary confinement cannot be justified; therefore solitary confinement is considered by the United Nations as a form of torture if it is used for mo...

Abstract The jails in India are mainly populated by the undertrial prisoners who constitute about 90% of the prisoners' population and are chiefly responsible for the overcrowding in jails. A ...

Abstract To date, INTERPOL is the most important international entity dealing with issues of transnational policing and international police cooperation with a global reach. It has no executiv...

Abstract The statements of witnesses to a crime are recorded by the investigating officer under section 161 CrPC by examining them as to what they know about the case. The statement given by t...

Abstract Remand to police custody under section 167 CrPC is a sensitive matter and a part of police investigation in a case and cannot be taken lightly. The investigating officers sometimes ne...

The common people are generally fascinated by the name of serial killers and want to know more about them and their activities including what prompted them to become a serial killer and their m...

The transgender persons lodged in different prisons of the world face a number of problems during their admission to and stay in the prisons, including discrimination, access to healthcare faci...

Abstract The children with mothers in prisons are exposed to the prison environment and face a social stigma. Some children are born in prisons and all children up to the age of six years are ...

Prison overcrowding is a complex issue and cannot be solved by the prison administration or the government alone. It is responsible for bad prison environment, more deaths and suicides, skin di...

Abstract Alipore Women's Correctional Home is the only women's correctional home in West Bengal. Around 315 women prisoners reside in this correctional home. There are 1818 women prisoners (in...

Abstract The police officers investigating different cases face a number of problems due to delay in submission of reports from the forensic science laboratories. The inadequate number of fore...

Abstract The overcrowding in jails due to the presence of a large number of prisoners cannot be reduced without bringing down the number of prisoners. Almost 80% of the prisoners' population o...

Abstract:The power of arrest is an important and potent weapon in the hands of police and other law enforcement agencies to combat crime and maintain law and order in the country and without th...

Abstract To protect and safeguard the children from the paedophiles and other unscrupulous members of the society, the POCSO Act, 2012 was enacted with a noble intention to contain the ever-in...