Author: Kashish Sinha

Introduction Police organizations worldwide face unprecedented pressure to reform in response to public demands for greater accountability, reduced racial disparities, and enhanced community trust. Yet decades of reform initiatives consistently encounter profound resistance rooted in organizational culture, cognitive biases, and institutional structures. This resistance manifests not as outright rejection but as institutional inertia—where traditional practices reassert themselves even after superficial changes. The paramilitary structure of policing, with its emphasis on hierarchical authority, centralized command structures, and crime-fighting identities, creates deeply embedded barriers to transformational change. Understanding this resistance requires examining the interplay between cultural norms (“how we do things here”),…

Introduction The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), enacted in 2016, represents one of India’s most significant economic reforms in decades. Before its implementation, India’s insolvency regime was characterized by a fragmented legal framework governed by multiple overlapping laws including the Sick Industrial Companies Act (SICA), Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act (RDDBFI), and the Companies Act. This patchwork system created systemic inefficiencies, with debt recovery proceedings often stretching beyond five years and yielding abysmal recovery rates of approximately 20–25%. The pre-IBC era was marked by debtor-friendly laws that allowed defaulting promoters to retain control of distressed…