Author: Adv.Tapan Choudhury

Overview & Historical Context of Article III Article III of the United States Constitution establishes and defines the judicial branch of the federal government. It vests judicial power in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as Congress may establish, secures judicial independence through tenure “during good Behaviour” and protection of compensation, and specifies the scope of federal jurisdiction and the crime of treason. While Article III provides fundamental guarantees and jurisdictional categories, Congress has substantial discretion to organize lower courts and to regulate appellate jurisdiction (subject to constitutional constraints). From the Judiciary Act of 1789 through modern statutes,…

Understanding the Powers and Structure of the Legislative Branch Article I of the United States Constitution establishes the framework, powers, and limitations of the legislative branch of the federal government — known as the Congress of the United States. It represents the people’s voice in lawmaking and is fundamental to the system of checks and balances that defines American democracy. Structure of Article I Article I consists of ten sections, each detailing various aspects of the legislative branch, including its formation, powers, responsibilities, and limitations. SectionSubjectKey PointsSection 1Legislative PowerAll legislative powers are vested in a bicameral Congress — the Senate…

Indian Court Rejects X’s Plea to Quash Content-Removal Rules — What the Karnataka High Court Ruled and Why It Matters Summary On 24 September 2025, the Karnataka High Court dismissed a writ petition by X Corp (formerly Twitter) seeking to quash India’s revised content-removal regime — including the government’s Sahyog portal for submitting takedown requests. The court held that digital platforms operating in India must comply with domestic law, and that foreign platforms cannot import U.S. free-speech standards to avoid Indian regulation. This decision reinforces the Centre’s authority to direct intermediaries to remove or block content and is likely to…

AI Training And Copyright: Courts Face a Defining Dilemma The Facts of the Case As artificial intelligence grows more powerful, courts are being asked whether using copyrighted works to train AI amounts to copyright infringement or is protected by legal doctrines such as fair use in the United States (or similar concepts in other countries). Large AI systems — language models, image generators, and the like — are often trained on massive datasets that include books, articles, artwork, music, and other creative works. Creators say this practice copies their work without permission and therefore infringes copyright. Tech companies counter that…

Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. Girindra Narayan Roy: Caveat and Execution Proceedings The 1978 judgment of the Calcutta High Court in Nirmal Chandra Dutta v. Girindra Narayan Roy addresses a nuanced intersection of procedural law and property rights. The case focuses on the proper scope of lodging a caveat under Section 148-A of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) and the validity of assumed service under the Land Acquisition Act, 1947 (LA Act). Legal Issues Case Background In May 1975, the petitioner, Nirmal Chandra Dutta, obtained a decree for ejectment and mesne profits against the judgment-debtors for certain premises in…