Author: Md. Imran Wahab

Criminal Mediation – Overview Mediation, long rooted in civil and family law, is now finding resonance within the criminal justice system – especially for non-violent, compoundable offenses. This evolving practice embraces the principles of restorative justice, prioritizing healing over punishment through dialogue, empathy, and mutual resolution. As courts worldwide confront mounting backlogs and growing victim disenchantment, criminal mediation emerges as a compassionate and pragmatic alternative – one that centres humanity, accountability, and the possibility of repair. Concept and Objectives of Criminal Mediation Criminal mediation facilitates a structured meeting between the victim and the offender, overseen by a neutral third party…

The advent of cryptocurrency has ignited widespread debate across economic, ethical, and religious spheres, with Islamic scholars and jurists expressing significant reservations about its alignment with Shariah principles, which mandate that financial transactions must uphold fairness, transparency, and genuine economic value while strictly avoiding excessive speculation and potential detriment. This comprehensive analysis delves into the fundamental jurisprudential rationales that challenge the permissibility of cryptocurrency from an Islamic perspective, thoroughly investigating why these digital assets may not align with established Sharia principles due to their inherent characteristics. Key concerns explored include their highly speculative nature, lack of tangible intrinsic value, issues…

Abstract: This article examines the rapid rise of cryptocurrency in India, where over 115 million users highlight its growing popularity. It explores both the potential benefits – such as financial inclusion, remittance efficiency, and innovation – and critical risks like regulatory uncertainty, volatility, scams, money laundering, and taxation burdens. Demographic trends and government responses, including the Digital Rupee, are analysed. The article concludes with targeted policy recommendations to ensure safe, inclusive, and innovative crypto adoption in India. Introduction: Cryptocurrency, once confined to the fringes of tech enthusiasts and niche investors, has rapidly transcended its specialized origins to emerge as a…

Introduction Copyright law helps protect original works made by creators. Yet, if these rules are too strict, they can block new ideas, learning, and creativity. This is why “fair use” is so important. Fair use is a legal rule that allows people to use copyrighted material in a limited way, without needing permission from the owner. It creates a needed balance. A main challenge is understanding what exactly qualifies as fair use and how judges have interpreted this rule throughout the years. What is Fair Use? Fair use is a specific rule within copyright law. It allows you to use…

The process of search and seizure in copyright infringement cases in India is primarily governed by the Copyright Act, 1957. This is supplemented by the procedural frameworks laid out in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) for civil actions, and the newly enacted Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) for criminal proceedings, which replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC). This legal structure enables copyright holders to address infringement of their protected works, such as unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or sale of literary, musical, artistic, or dramatic works, as well as cinematograph films and sound recordings. The specific procedure—whether…

Section Offence Punishment 48 Abetment outside India for offence in India Expands jurisdiction to abetment by foreigners (punishment according to crime) 69 Sexual intercourse by deceitful means (promise of marriage/employment etc.) Up to 10 years imprisonment + fine (cognizable & non-bailable) 95 Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence Imprisonment for not less than 3 years extendable to 10 years & fine (cognizable & non-bailable) 103(2) Murder by a group of 5 or more persons on the ground of race/caste/community etc. Mob lynching; punishment of death or life imprisonment & fine (cognizable & non-bailable) 106(2) Causing death by…

Introduction While prison walls physically isolate individuals, they are permeable to the far-reaching consequences of health crises. This reality reinforces the increasingly accepted principle that the “health of prisons is inextricably linked to public health.” This understanding has gained considerable traction across various disciplines, especially in the wake of global pandemics, the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and the persistent systemic neglect faced by vulnerable populations. Incarcerated individuals are not a separate, distinct group; rather, they remain an integral part of society before, during, and after their time in custody. Consequently, their health status not only reflects existing systemic inequities…

Third-Party Funding in ISDS Third-party funding (TPF) is changing the landscape of international arbitration, especially in Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS). This practice, where outside investors finance legal actions in exchange for a share of any successful outcome, has ignited a fierce debate. While TPF undeniably opens the door to justice for claimants who might otherwise be unable to afford it, its largely unregulated status raises serious questions about the fairness and transparency of the ISDS framework. TPF as a Tool for Justice – A Deeper Dive One of the most significant benefits of TPF is that it expands access to…

Abstract Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) has fundamentally transformed Australia’s justice landscape, providing a more accessible, efficient, and affordable alternative to traditional legal processes. This article explores ODR’s evolution in Australia, highlighting its pivotal milestones, impactful legal precedents, and diverse sector-specific applications. It also critically examines the persistent obstacles hindering its broader implementation. The exploration traces ODR’s journey from its origins in e-commerce disputes to its integration within formal court proceedings and specialized resolution programs. A key focus is a critical examination of the technological, legal, ethical, and practical challenges that must be overcome. Addressing these multifaceted issues is paramount for…

In response to the escalating global scrutiny on law enforcement practices, mastering de-escalation has undeniably become crucial for police officers. De-escalation, specifically defined as the deliberate application of effective communication, tactical strategies, and all available resources, aims to stabilize challenging situations and significantly mitigate the inherent risk of violence. Consequently, it is no longer merely a beneficial skill; instead, it stands as a fundamental, indispensable component of contemporary policing, vital for fostering public trust and ensuring officer safety. This paper will thoroughly explore the core principles and practical applications of these essential de-escalation techniques, promoting enhanced understanding and proficiency. Global…