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Introduction The right to privacy has emerged as a cornerstone of constitutional jurisprudence in India following the landmark judgment in…

The insertion of the word “Secular” into the Preamble of the Indian Constitution through the Forty-Second Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 remains one of the most debated developments in Indian constitutional history. Introduced during the period of Internal Emergency, the amendment has often been questioned for its political context and legitimacy. This article examines whether the introduction of “Secular” represented a fundamental shift in constitutional philosophy or merely a formal recognition of an already existing constitutional principle. By analysing the historical background of the amendment, the constitutional status of the Preamble, and landmark Supreme Court judgments, the article argues that secularism was always implicit in the Indian Constitution and was later made explicit through the amendment. It concludes that the Forty-Second Amendment did not create secularism but reaffirmed it as an integral part of India’s constitutional identity.

Abstract Cyber crime has emerged as a serious threat in the digital era, affecting individuals, organizations, and the State. This…

Introduction In the architecture of modern corporate governance in India, independent and non-executive directors occupy a distinct and deliberately limited…

Introduction: When Power Changes Hands In 1986, food inspectors across Punjab began prosecuting vendors under the Prevention of Food Adulteration…

Introduction Imagine a judge presiding over a case where they hold shares in the defendant company—can justice truly be blind?…

Case Brief There is a need to provide the acquisition of land to a company which is a public company…

Petition Question The question raised in the petition was that, whether Chapter 22 of UP Regulations infringes fundamental rights under…

In late 2025, as the holiday season approached, the U.S. Supreme Court issued one of its most important emergency decisions…

American Democracy and the Epstein Files American democracy often presents itself as a global model of transparency, accountability, and checks…