1. Purpose This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) provides uniform guidelines for the audio-video electronic documentation of crime scenes to ensure…

Introduction The success of a criminal investigation depends not merely on the availability of evidence but on the competence, integrity,…

1. Introduction Death is an inevitable part of life. While many deaths occur due to natural causes such as disease…

Introduction Latent fingerprints are among the most valuable forms of physical evidence in criminal investigations. Popular portrayals often make fingerprint…

A chief minister stands up in the assembly, or a home department issues a press note and announces that cases…

Introduction The Case Diary under Section 192 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 is a vital document of…

Introduction In the criminal justice process under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), the distinction between investigation and inquiry…

Introduction Supplementary charge-sheets in India are governed by Section 193(9) BNSS, 2023 (corresponding to Section 173(8) CrPC). This provision empowers…

Introduction Preventive arrest is an extraordinary statutory power that enables the police to arrest a person without a warrant to…

Introduction Arrest is one of the most significant coercive powers vested in law enforcement agencies. It directly affects the fundamental…