Introduction An FIR is ordinarily not substantive evidence. Its principal purpose is to set the criminal law in motion and,…

What Is Preliminary Enquiry (PE) Under BNSS? 1. Background Prior to Lalitakumari Judgement there were discretionary procedures applied by Police,…

Introduction Cybercrime has fundamentally altered the nature of criminality by rendering geographical boundaries largely irrelevant. A victim may reside in…

Introduction The expression “lodging an FIR” is frequently used as a blanket term that obscures the operational boundaries between giving…

Introduction In the criminal justice system, the First Information Report (FIR) acts as the foundation of the prosecution’s case. Serving…

In India, the reality of politics is often marked by the deep-rooted presence of politicians with criminal records. Individuals facing…

1. Introduction The recording of information regarding an alleged offense is one of the earliest and most important stages of…

Introduction The General Diary (GD)—also known in different states as the Station Diary or Daily Diary—and the First Information Report…

Introduction The First Information Report (FIR), governed by Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), is the…

The Mechanics of Remand Under Section 187 BNSS: Balancing Police Custody Powers With Personal Liberty Part 1: Title, Introduction &…